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Who are the Cosmopolitans? How Perceived Social Sorting and Social Identities Relate to European and National Identities 世界主义者是谁？感知的社会分类和社会认同与欧洲和国家认同的关系
IF 5 1区 社会学
Comparative Political Studies Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/00104140231194054
Ronja Sczepanski
{"title":"Who are the Cosmopolitans? How Perceived Social Sorting and Social Identities Relate to European and National Identities","authors":"Ronja Sczepanski","doi":"10.1177/00104140231194054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231194054","url":null,"abstract":"Transnational European identities influence public debates and electoral dynamics across Europe, with sociodemographic factors strongly associated with these identities. Meanwhile, little attention has been paid to how people’s perceptions of a political group’s sociodemographic profile relate to their identification with Europe. I argue that such perceptions, in combination with social identities, are significantly associated with the strength of individuals’ identification with political groups. An individual is more likely to have a robust European identity if they perceive that social groups they like share the same pro-European opinion. In contrast, if they perceive that groups they like align with the anti-European camp, they are likely to have a weaker European identity. By employing novel survey data from Italy and Austria, I find empirical support for my argument. This paper contributes to the debate on the mechanisms that connect social and political identities and explains how cleavages emerge in the mass public.","PeriodicalId":10600,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42443380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Revenue, Redistribution, and the Rise and Fall of Inheritance Taxation 收入、再分配和遗产税的兴衰
IF 5 1区 社会学
Comparative Political Studies Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1177/00104140231194065
Philipp Genschel, Julian Limberg, Laura Seelkopf
{"title":"Revenue, Redistribution, and the Rise and Fall of Inheritance Taxation","authors":"Philipp Genschel, Julian Limberg, Laura Seelkopf","doi":"10.1177/00104140231194065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231194065","url":null,"abstract":"Why do countries repeal the inheritance tax? To investigate this question, we use a novel dataset on inheritance tax introductions and repeals worldwide. We argue that revenue requirements are the main determinant of repeal risks: The inheritance tax is resilient as long as it is central to the national revenue system; it becomes vulnerable to attacks once the rise of more efficient tax instruments marginalizes its revenue contribution. Devoid of fiscal purpose, its survival depends mainly on its redistributive features. Redistribution, however, is essentially contested and should be more important in democracies. The evidence is in line with our conjecture: The likelihood of inheritance tax repeal increases as other more buoyant taxes rise and non-democracies are more likely to repeal the tax than democracies.","PeriodicalId":10600,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45945846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-Term Strategic Thinking, Cost Considerations, and the Partisan Politics of Ghent 长期战略思维、成本考量与根特的党派政治
IF 5 1区 社会学
Comparative Political Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/00104140231193007
Dennie Oude nijhuis
{"title":"Long-Term Strategic Thinking, Cost Considerations, and the Partisan Politics of Ghent","authors":"Dennie Oude nijhuis","doi":"10.1177/00104140231193007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231193007","url":null,"abstract":"It has long been established that the presence of the so-called “Ghent systems” of unemployment insurance greatly enhances unionization rates. This paper investigates the political determinants of the choice for and against the introduction and continuation of these systems. Based on a diachronic analysis of three paradigmatic cases, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden, and two shadow cases, Germany and Britain, it shows that all major actors were well aware of their organizational effect during the first half of the 20th century. At the same time, it shows that long-term strategic thinking only played a major role in shaping party attitudes toward “Ghent” in countries where the prevailing party system ensured that its introduction produced clear partisan “winners” and “losers.” In all other countries, cost considerations were central in shaping party views on Ghent. The analysis shows how cost considerations can explain both bourgeois party support for its introduction and left-party support for its discontinuation.","PeriodicalId":10600,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43846720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Progressive Ideology and Support for Punitive Crime Policy: Evidence from Argentina and Brazil 进步意识形态与对犯罪惩罚政策的支持——来自阿根廷和巴西的证据
IF 5 1区 社会学
Comparative Political Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1177/00104140231193011
Isabel G. Laterzo
{"title":"Progressive Ideology and Support for Punitive Crime Policy: Evidence from Argentina and Brazil","authors":"Isabel G. Laterzo","doi":"10.1177/00104140231193011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231193011","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars commonly link citizens’ broader ideological views to their preferences for two opposing approaches to fighting crime: conservatives are believed to support punitive approaches, while progressives support preventative solutions. Yet, other studies indicate that citizens across the ideological spectrum support punitive approaches, often due to instrumental factors such as experiences with and perceptions of crime. This study examines how instrumental factors interact with ideology and determines under what circumstances progressives support punitive candidates. The results of a conjoint experiment fielded in Argentina and Brazil demonstrate that among progressives, the effect of ideology on preferences for punitive candidates is moderated by three instrumental factors: perceptions regarding 1) insecurity, 2) the ineffectiveness of social policy, and 3) gang-driven crime; there are null results regarding the role of victimization. The findings also provide evidence that conservatives prefer punitive candidates regardless of instrumental explanations. The results are validated through an analysis of AmericasBarometer data.","PeriodicalId":10600,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48456319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Populism and De Facto Central Bank Independence. 民粹主义与事实上的中央银行独立。
IF 4.2 1区 社会学
Comparative Political Studies Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-17 DOI: 10.1177/00104140221139513
Michael Gavin, Mark Manger
{"title":"Populism and De Facto Central Bank Independence.","authors":"Michael Gavin, Mark Manger","doi":"10.1177/00104140221139513","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00104140221139513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although central bank independence is a core tenet of monetary policy-making, it remains politically contested: In many emerging markets, populist governments are in frequent public conflict with the central bank. At other times, the same governments profess to respect the monetary authority's independence. We model this conflict drawing on the crisis bargaining literature. Our model predicts that populist politicians will often bring a nominally independent central bank to heel without having to change its legal status. To provide evidence, we build a new data set of public pressure on central banks by classifying over 9000 analyst reports using machine learning. We find that populist politicians are more likely than non-populists to exert public pressure on the central bank, unless checked by financial markets, and also more likely to obtain interest rate concessions. Our findings underscore that <i>de jure</i> does not equal <i>de facto</i> central bank independence in the face of populist pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":10600,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Studies","volume":"56 8","pages":"1189-1223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3a/b1/10.1177_00104140221139513.PMC10251451.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10297993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technocracy for the People? The Impact of Government-Imposed Democratic Innovations on Governance and Citizen Well-Being 科技为民？政府推行民主创新对治理和公民福祉的影响
IF 5 1区 社会学
Comparative Political Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.1177/00104140231178725
J. Abbott, Katherine McKiernan, Stephanie L. McNulty
{"title":"Technocracy for the People? The Impact of Government-Imposed Democratic Innovations on Governance and Citizen Well-Being","authors":"J. Abbott, Katherine McKiernan, Stephanie L. McNulty","doi":"10.1177/00104140231178725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231178725","url":null,"abstract":"Despite participatory institutions’ increasing ubiquity, we know little about their effects on governance and well-being. What we do know comes largely from Brazil, where positive outcomes have been attributed to civil society’s role in implementation. Often, however, participatory institutions are imposed by national governments, with little civil society engagement. In these cases, scholars have argued, participatory institutions are unlikely to improve governance and well-being, as civil society is not present to unlock the institutions’ potential. We test this proposition in Peru, the first country featuring government mandated participatory institutions for all subnational governments. We find, surprisingly, that Peru’s participatory budgeting process increased pro-poor spending and improved citizen’s quality of life. We attribute these outcomes to reduced information asymmetries, made possible by the central role played by an influential and autonomous government agency. We employ a unique panel dataset, as well as an original survey and extensive interviews with government and civil society actors.","PeriodicalId":10600,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45120258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Centralization, Elite Capture, and Service Provision: Evidence From Taiwan 集中化、精英俘获与服务提供——来自台湾的证据
IF 5 1区 社会学
Comparative Political Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1177/00104140231169023
Hsu Yumin Wang
{"title":"Centralization, Elite Capture, and Service Provision: Evidence From Taiwan","authors":"Hsu Yumin Wang","doi":"10.1177/00104140231169023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231169023","url":null,"abstract":"Much recent work has debated the effect of decentralization on service provision, its underlying mechanisms, and the tradeoff between responsiveness and elite capture. This study contributes to that debate by investigating a rare partial rollout of institutional change that reversed administrative, fiscal, and political decentralization in Taiwan. Utilizing a difference-in-differences design, I find that centralization decreases public goods provision and that such a negative effect is stronger and more robust on those public goods that involve greater local government activity. Additional evidence related to mechanisms suggests that the loss of proximity and accountability in service delivery after centralization can be critical. The effect heterogeneity results do not constitute strong evidence that centralization significantly improves service provision in areas with higher levels of local elite capture. These findings highlight the importance of decentralization’s responsiveness advantages in improving local service provision and advance the policy debate on local institutional choice.","PeriodicalId":10600,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43209388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Right-Wing Violence Affect Public Support for Radical Right Parties? Evidence from Germany 右翼暴力会影响公众对极右翼政党的支持吗?来自德国的证据
IF 5 1区 社会学
Comparative Political Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-10 DOI: 10.1177/00104140231169021
Werner Krause, Miku Matsunaga
{"title":"Does Right-Wing Violence Affect Public Support for Radical Right Parties? Evidence from Germany","authors":"Werner Krause, Miku Matsunaga","doi":"10.1177/00104140231169021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231169021","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines whether citizens’ political preferences toward radical right parties (RRPs) change after right-wing extremist violent attacks. It investigates this question in two ways. First, it presents a time-series study on public support for the RRP Alternative for Germany (AfD) between 2013 and 2019. Second, the article employs a quasi-experimental research design to examine the effect of a right-wing terrorist attack on citizens’ attitudes toward immigrants. Both studies indicate that public support for the AfD and its programmatic core positions increased after right-wing extremist attacks. Subsequent analyses suggest that former voters of the mainstream right, in particular, drive this effect. These findings shed light on the determinants of radical right party support, contributing to the long-standing debate on the consequences of political violence.","PeriodicalId":10600,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46679290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enumerator Experiences in Violent Research Environments 列举者在暴力研究环境中的经验
IF 5 1区 社会学
Comparative Political Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1177/00104140231178735
Justine M. Davis, Martha Wilfahrt
{"title":"Enumerator Experiences in Violent Research Environments","authors":"Justine M. Davis, Martha Wilfahrt","doi":"10.1177/00104140231178735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231178735","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding political and social effects of violence in local populations through public opinion surveys has become increasingly common internationally. Yet while researchers are attuned to possible challenges induced during survey implementation, this work focuses almost uniformly on respondents. This paper considers survey enumerators as critical actors for data collection in violent research settings. We present survey results from 245 enumerators in Côte d’Ivoire to show that their personal feelings of insecurity and exposure to violence while conducting surveys may condition challenges faced and compromises made to gathering data. We shed light on how academic research in violent political settings poses unique security concerns for enumerators, with ramifications for data integrity.","PeriodicalId":10600,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43645022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Violent Elections and Citizens’ Support for Democratic Constraints on the Executive: Evidence From Nigeria 暴力选举和公民支持民主对行政部门的制约：来自尼日利亚的证据
IF 5 1区 社会学
Comparative Political Studies Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.1177/00104140231178730
Annekatrin Deglow, Hanne Fjelde
{"title":"Violent Elections and Citizens’ Support for Democratic Constraints on the Executive: Evidence From Nigeria","authors":"Annekatrin Deglow, Hanne Fjelde","doi":"10.1177/00104140231178730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140231178730","url":null,"abstract":"How do violent elections affect the willingness of citizens to defend democratic institutions? We argue that in the wake of violent elections, support for democratic constraints on the executive will diverge amongst ruling and opposition party supporters. To protect their position, ruling party supporters become more likely to endorse weakening constraints on executive power, even if it violates democratic principles. Opposition supporters, on the other hand, become more likely to reject democratic transgressions that de facto render them more vulnerable to political abuse. We examine these expectations using a vignette experiment embedded in a nationally representative 2019 post-election survey of 2400 Nigerians. Our findings suggest that incumbent supporters are overall more likely to endorse weaker constraints on the executive, but these attitudes are not reinforced by information about election violence. Opposition supporters, in contrast, become less likely to accept transgressions when informed about election violence.","PeriodicalId":10600,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Political Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49493025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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