{"title":"The open‐loop and closed‐loop Nash equilibrium of the local and remote stochastic game for multiplicative noise systems with inconsistent information","authors":"Xin Li, Qingyuan Qi","doi":"10.1002/oca.3055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oca.3055","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, the local and remote stochastic nonzero‐sum game for a multiplicative noise system with inconsistent information is investigated, in which the multiplicative noise can cause nonlinear characteristics of linear systems, making it difficult to solve the optimal linear feedback Nash equilibrium. For the considered local and remote stochastic nonzero‐sum game, the local player and the remote player obtain different information sets, which leads to inconsistent information between the two players. The goal is that each player is desired to minimize their own cost function. Our approach is based on a combination of orthogonal decomposition and completing square techniques, which allow us to derive a set of coupled Riccati equations that characterize the optimal feedback explicit (closed‐loop) Nash equilibrium. The contributions of this article are summarized as follows. First, the optimal open‐loop Nash equilibrium is obtained in terms of the forward and backward stochastic difference equations (FBSDEs) by adopting the Pontryagin maximum principle. Second, the closed‐loop Nash equilibrium of this local and remote stochastic nonzero‐sum game for a multiplicative noise system with inconsistent information is obtained by using the orthogonal decomposition methods. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the validity of theoretical results and discuss potential extensions to more complex systems.","PeriodicalId":105945,"journal":{"name":"Optimal Control Applications and Methods","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135438295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A modified tilt controller for <scp>AGC</scp> in hybrid power system integrating forecasting of renewable energy sources","authors":"Prabhat Kumar Vidyarthi, Ashiwani Kumar","doi":"10.1002/oca.3052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oca.3052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article emphasizes the intermittent characteristics of renewable energy sources (RESs) and explores the role of forecasting in improving the performance of the automatic generation control (AGC) mechanism of the interconnected power system. Due to hybridization of power system basic AGC controller (PID, TID, and ID‐T) are insufficient to stabilized the system parameters. So, a new type of fractional order integral tilted derivative controller (FIDN‐T) has been proposed, which give better performance in terms of settling time, undershoot and overshoot in case of RESs with real data forecasting also. FIDN‐T has been compared with some existing controller which give the results better than basic controller. In order to optimize the different parameters of the proposed controller, a new modified Opposition‐based Sea‐horse Optimization (OSHO) algorithm has been proposed. The OSHO is compared with a few existing, well‐known meta‐heuristic algorithms to show its superiority. The analysis has been conducted under different operating conditions, including step and random disturbances as well as the IEEE‐39 bus, to verify the robustness as well as adaptability of the suggested controller. The comprehensive results of the studies provide strong evidence in support of the effectiveness and efficacy of the suggested control methods and suggest that it has the potential to be implemented in real‐world power systems for improved performance and stability.","PeriodicalId":105945,"journal":{"name":"Optimal Control Applications and Methods","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135437982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Logeshwari, M. Abirami, S. Subramanian, Hariprasath Manoharan
{"title":"Multi‐objective precise phasor measurement locations to assess small‐signal stability using dingo optimizer","authors":"V. Logeshwari, M. Abirami, S. Subramanian, Hariprasath Manoharan","doi":"10.1002/oca.3053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oca.3053","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Small‐signal stability is an important task and key research in electrical engineering for networks. This research article focuses on the implementation of a multi‐objective approach for choosing an optimal location for Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) to quantify a power system's small‐signal stability by maximizing the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the system. The novelty of this research lies in the implementation of Dingo Optimization (DOX) technique along with the Prony Analysis (PA) approach for the assessment of small‐signal stability in standard grid networks. The voltage angle, amplitude and the range of frequencies are measured by the optimal placement of PMUs, which primarily focus on the multi‐signal PA. To achieve the objective of this research, DOX integrated with the multi‐signal PA approach is used to determine the ideal position for PMU placement by considering maximum redundancy and optimizing the signal to noise ratio to a maximum level. The effectiveness of the DOX strategy is established with improved accuracy and fewer disturbances by optimizing the electromechanical oscillations of the system. The implementation of the DOX approach for attaining the best value of the maximized SNR is obtained by analyzing a wide set of conditions, perturbations, and additive noise, which provides an accurate assessment of damping ratio (DR) and frequency ( f ) of electromechanical oscillations. Numerical results obtained from the standard IEEE test systems (14, 39, 57, 118, and 300 bus systems) are compared with the existing methods in the literature. The statistical indices demonstrate that under the highly limited optimization context selected, the intended optimizer functions satisfactorily.","PeriodicalId":105945,"journal":{"name":"Optimal Control Applications and Methods","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandeep Tripathi, Ashish Shrivastava, Kartick C. Jana
{"title":"Chimp optimization‐based fuzzy controller for hybrid electric vehicle speed control using electronic throttle plate","authors":"Sandeep Tripathi, Ashish Shrivastava, Kartick C. Jana","doi":"10.1002/oca.3051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oca.3051","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Today's concern about climate change and the country's economic growth have made adopting hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) a worthy solution. Since the gas emissions of HEVs are closely related to their motor performance, developing an effective HEV motor control technique is essential. The performance and acceleration of an HEV motor are determined by the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the electronic throttle plate (ETP), which employ an air‐fuel mixture for vehicle propulsion. In order to deal with this problem, this article presented an optimal fuzzy controller that controls the throttle plate's angular position and motor speed in HEVs. However, the efficiency and reliability of fuzzy controllers depend upon their gains factor. So, a different heuristic algorithm is employed to self‐tuning the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) gain factor. The performance of the suggested ChOA‐fuzzy‐based controller was evaluated utilizing various control error indices and time‐domain stability. A comprehensive controller performance analysis using different metaheuristic techniques has been carried out to validate the proposed scheme. The findings show that the suggested ChOA‐fuzzy‐based controller performs better than other techniques.","PeriodicalId":105945,"journal":{"name":"Optimal Control Applications and Methods","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134970865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved SSA‐RBF neural network‐based dynamic 3‐D trajectory tracking model predictive control of autonomous underwater vehicles with external disturbances","authors":"Han Bao, Haitao Zhu, Di Liu","doi":"10.1002/oca.3050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oca.3050","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper studies the three‐dimensional (3‐D) dynamic trajectory tracking control of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). As AUV is a typical nonlinear system, each degree of freedom is strongly coupled, so the traditional control method based on the nominal model of AUV cannot guarantee the accuracy of the control system. To solve this problem, we first propose a prediction model based on a radial basis function neural network (RBF‐NN). The nonlinearity of AUV is learned and modeled offline by RBF‐NN based on previous data. This model can reflect the time sequence state and control variables of AUV. Secondly, to avoid the overfitting problem in network training based on the traditional gradient descent method, a new adaptive chaotic sparrow search algorithm (ACSSA) is proposed to optimize the network parameters, to improve the full approximation ability of RBF‐NN to nonlinear systems. To eliminate the steady‐state error caused by external interference during AUV trajectory tracking, a nonlinear optimizer is designed by updating the deviation of the NN model output layer. In each sampling period, the predictive control law is calculated online according to the deviation between the predicted value and the actual value. In addition, the stability analysis based on the Lyapunov method proves the asymptotic stability of the controller. Finally, the 3‐D dynamic trajectory tracking the performance of AUV under different external disturbances is verified by MATLAB/Simulink, and the results show that the proposed controller is more efficient and robust than the standard model predictive controller (MPC) controller and the standard NN model predictive controller (NNPC).","PeriodicalId":105945,"journal":{"name":"Optimal Control Applications and Methods","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stochastic optimal control for autonomous driving applications via polynomial chaos expansions","authors":"P. Listov, Johannes Schwarz, Colin N. Jones","doi":"10.1002/oca.3047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oca.3047","url":null,"abstract":"Model‐based methods in autonomous driving and advanced driving assistance gain importance in research and development due to their potential to contribute to higher road safety. Parameters of vehicle models, however, are hard to identify precisely or they can change quickly depending on the driving conditions. In this paper, we address the problem of safe trajectory planning under parametric model uncertainties motivated by automotive applications. We use the generalized polynomial chaos expansions for efficient nonlinear uncertainty propagation and distributionally robust inequalities for chance constraints approximation. Inspired by the tube‐based model predictive control, an ancillary feedback controller is used to control the deviations of stochastic modes from the nominal solution, and therefore, decrease the variance. Our approach allows reducing conservatism related to nonlinear uncertainty propagation while guaranteeing constraints satisfaction with a high probability. The performance is demonstrated on the example of a trajectory optimization problem for a simplified vehicle model with uncertain parameters.","PeriodicalId":105945,"journal":{"name":"Optimal Control Applications and Methods","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128295900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asynchronous secure control for singular nonhomogeneous Markov jump cyber‐physical systems against dual cyber‐attacks","authors":"Shuyu Zhang, Yanqian Wang, Guangming Zhuang, Chengxing Lv","doi":"10.1002/oca.3049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oca.3049","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, based on the dynamic event‐triggered transmission protocol, the issue of asynchronous secure control for singular nonhomogeneous Markov jump cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) is studied. The matrix that is governed by the time‐varying transition rates lies in a convex polyhedron. To further degrade the transmission percentage over the network, the dynamic event‐triggered transmission protocol is developed. Besides, owing to the vulnerability of the network, the replay attack and deception attack are both considered, the occurrences of which are modelled by mutual independent random variables satisfying Bernoulli distribution. By constructing a parameter dependent and an auxiliary dynamic variable dependent Lyapunov functional, sufficient conditions of stochastic admissible for singular nonhomogeneous Markov jump CPSs are derived by parameter dependent matrix inequalities, which can be converted into the finite linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the theoretical results.","PeriodicalId":105945,"journal":{"name":"Optimal Control Applications and Methods","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125266551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approximate optimal control design for quadrotors: A computationally fast solution","authors":"Jie Yao, S. Rafee Nekoo, Ming Xin","doi":"10.1002/oca.3048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oca.3048","url":null,"abstract":"An approximate closed‐form optimal control design is proposed for the flight control of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles. The nonlinear dynamic equation is rewritten as a pseudo‐linear form without approximations. The quadratic cost function is modified by adding perturbation terms to the state weighting matrix. A co‐state, which is associated with the solution to the partial differential Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation, is approximated by a power series of an instrumental variable with symmetric matrices as the coefficients. The solution to the intractable HJB equation can be reduced to solving these coefficient matrices, which are in forms of a differential Riccati equation and a series of linear Lyapunov equations, These equations can be solved recursively and analytically. Specifically, the differential Riccati equation can be solved offline and only once, and the linear Lyapunov equations can be solved analytically. These approximations lead to a closed‐form suboptimal state feedback control law, which is computationally more efficient than the similar finite‐time state‐dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique that requires the solution of the state‐dependent differential Riccati equation at each time step and demands a high computational cost. The proposed control law is applied to the flight control design of quadrotors. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal control technique with superior performance of control accuracy and robustness. It is compared favorably with the finite‐time SDRE technique in terms of computation efficiency and control effort, especially when onboard implementations and experiments are needed.","PeriodicalId":105945,"journal":{"name":"Optimal Control Applications and Methods","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121439201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solving invex multitime control problems with first‐order PDE constraints via the absolute value exact penalty method","authors":"T. Antczak, Savin Treanțǎ","doi":"10.1002/oca.3043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oca.3043","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a nonconvex multitime control problem with first‐order PDE constraints is considered. Then, we investigate the absolute value exact penalty function method which is used for solving the aforesaid control problem. Namely, in order to ensure the effective use of the absolute value exact penalty function method in the considered case, the most important property of any exact penalty function method, that is, exactness of the penalization, is analyzed in the case when the aforementioned method is applied for solving the considered multitime control problem with first‐order PDE constraints in which the functionals involved are nonconvex. Thus, the equivalence between an optimal solution of the aforementioned control problem and a minimizer of its associated unconstrained multitime control problem constructed in the used absolute value exact penalty function method is proved under appropriate invexity hypotheses.","PeriodicalId":105945,"journal":{"name":"Optimal Control Applications and Methods","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121714397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal control of partially unknown constrained‐input systems: A dynamic event‐triggered‐based approach","authors":"Haoming Zou, Guoshan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/oca.3046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oca.3046","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an identifier‐based dynamic event‐triggered optimal control scheme for partially unknown constrained‐input systems. First, an event‐triggered‐based neural network (NN) identifier is constructed to estimate the unknown system dynamics. Then, an adaptive dynamic programming algorithm with actor‐critic NN structure is adopted to obtain an approximate solution of the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. The above considers that transmitted measurements are only available at the triggering instants, and the update of all three NN weights depends on the established dynamic event‐triggered mechanism. Different from existing static event‐triggered mechanism, the proposed dynamic event‐triggered mechanism can further obtain a reasonable trade‐off between performance and communication resources by introducing a dynamic variable, and the Zeno behavior can be excluded by devising an exponential term. It is proved that all the closed‐loop system signals are uniformly ultimately bounded under the established event‐triggered mechanism. Finally, two numerical examples are provided, including the spring‐mass‐damper system, to validate the proposed control scheme.","PeriodicalId":105945,"journal":{"name":"Optimal Control Applications and Methods","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124826398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}