M. Mayer, Blanca Ramos Elbal, W. Gartner, R. Langwieser, J. Kaitovic
{"title":"A flexible setup to determine RFID tag requirements for multiple-response scenarios","authors":"M. Mayer, Blanca Ramos Elbal, W. Gartner, R. Langwieser, J. Kaitovic","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2016.7488024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2016.7488024","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel experimental setup that allows to determine the requirements of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tag hardware in scenarios where multiple tags respond simultaneously. Many schemes in literature assume synchronized tag responses and impose constraints on the tag hardware - our proposed setup allows to accurately control the response delay (skew) and the link frequency deviation (jitter) of RFID tags. We employ the Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) as programmable emulator for passive UHF RFID tags. A FPGA provides clock and data for several WISPs. Controlled by a PC, the setup allows for flexible operation and rapid measurements.","PeriodicalId":105916,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121900925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Q, over-coupled tuning for near-field RFID systems","authors":"M. Shahmohammadi, M. Chabalko, A. Sample","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2016.7488016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2016.7488016","url":null,"abstract":"Commonly, near field RFID is used in situations where a tag is brought close to some device that is to read the identity of the tag thereby enabling some action: unlocking a door, reading payment information at a merchant's register, or sharing social information between enabled devices. In all these cases, the ergonomics of the physical reading process can be hindered if read range requires a user to awkwardly maneuver the tag near the reader until a read is achieved. One way to facilitate an extended and reliable read range borrows on knowledge from the wireless power transfer community where it is known that increasing the Quality factor of the reader or tag coil will increase power transfer. However, RFID engineers have typically limited maximum coil Q factor to about 10-20 due to the need for maintaining a system bandwidth that is broad enough to support the necessary communication data rates. To meet this challenge, this paper introduces a method of impedance matching high Q reader coils to the source known as \"over-coupling\" the source to the system input. On one hand, the use of high Q coils extends the range where the tag receives sufficient power to turn on, while it is over-coupling that slightly damps the system resonance, producing an effective system Q factor that simultaneously supports a bandwidth wide enough to accommodate necessary data rates. This work will show both theoretically and through experimentation that using high Q coils in the over-coupled regime supports extension of read range in near field RFID systems by 81% or more compared to the next best impedance matching strategies.","PeriodicalId":105916,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124923369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low profile separable RFID tag antenna design for variable range applications","authors":"C. Mak, J. Xi","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2016.7488006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2016.7488006","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a novel passive tag design for RFID applications. The passive tag antenna has two separable parts, which are the feeding loop and the radiating element implemented at two different layers. Energy is efficiently coupled between these two parts when they overlap within designated positions. For demonstration purpose, the overall tag design is realized on a card (credit card size), and a card-holder, with the feeding loop embedded in the card and with the radiating element embedded in the card-holder. The key features of the tag design are i) the intended short read range of millimeter-to centimeter-level when the card is stand alone, and ii) the regular long read range of meter-level when the card is coupled with the card holder. With this distinctive characteristic, a card with a unique tag ID can be issued to a single person, on a one-to-one basis, for different read range access requirements in different situations, e.g. office gate access vs car park gate access of a single person to go in and out of a premises using the same access card, nearfield payment vs road toll payment using the same payment card. Therefore, unnecessary false-read can be minimized and no multiple cards (different tag IDs), with different read ranges, are needed for the same person. A PCT patent of such design has been filed in Sept 2015 for licensing. A few hundred of proof-of-concept prototypes have been fabricated recently for field trials.","PeriodicalId":105916,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125320622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"R2: Over-the-air reprogramming on computational RFIDs","authors":"Die Wu, M. Hussain, Songfan Li, Li Lu","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2016.7488004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2016.7488004","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Computational RFID tags (CRFIDs) have emerged as viable software-defined platform for academic research and experimentation. In addition to EPC protocol, these tags perform sensing and computation through power scavenging. However, existing CRFIDs are pre-programmed to execute a specific firmware whereas programming tools comprising wired interface and PC-based software are required to erase, modify or reprogram the tag. Such limitation demands an over-the-air (OTA) scheme which can wirelessly upgrade or reprogram the CRFID tags while following the EPC protocol. We present the design, implementation and evaluation of R2 - the first OTA reprogramming scheme for CRFID tags without requiring any modification to EPC protocol, or an upgrade to RFID reader or CRFID tag. We develop a User Interface and realize our scheme on three platforms which include both software-defined as well as chip-based CRFIDs, i.e., WISP5.1 and Optimized WISP (Opt-WISP), and Spider tag. It also includes both the FLASH and FRAM based micro-controller memories. We evaluate our scheme from three aspects: time and energy overhead for reprogramming operation itself; overall system delay to verify the compatibility of R2 with EPC protocol; success rate in line with interrogation range. We foresee our endeavour to offer viability of OTA reprogramming and upgrade for CRFID systems.","PeriodicalId":105916,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122790700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Righi, E. S. Reis, G. Rostirolla, C. Costa, A. Alberti
{"title":"Exploring cloud elasticity on developing an EPCGlobal-compliant middleware","authors":"R. Righi, E. S. Reis, G. Rostirolla, C. Costa, A. Alberti","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2016.7488003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2016.7488003","url":null,"abstract":"The digital universe is growing at significant rates in recent years. One of the main responsible for this sentence is the Internet of Things (IoT), which requires middlewares capable of handling this increase of data volume in real-time. Solutions modeled at software, hardware and/or architecture level present limitations to handle such load, facing a scalability problem in the IoT scope. In this context, this article presents a model named Eliot (Elasticity-driven Internet of Things) which combines both cloud and high performance computing to address the IoT scalability problem in EPCglobal-compliant architectures. Based on the Eliot model, we developed a prototype that can run as a plugin solution together with any current EPCglobal-compliant middleware. The results are encouraging, presenting significant performance gains when comparing both elastic and non-elastic executions.","PeriodicalId":105916,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131474304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stefan Hinteregger, E. Leitinger, P. Meissner, K. Witrisal
{"title":"MIMO gain and bandwidth scaling for RFID positioning in dense multipath channels","authors":"Stefan Hinteregger, E. Leitinger, P. Meissner, K. Witrisal","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2016.7488027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2016.7488027","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the achievable ranging and positioning performance for two design constraints in a radio frequency identification (RFID) system: (i) the bandwidth of the transmit signal and (ii) the use of multiple antennas at the readers. The ranging performance is developed for correlated and uncorrelated constituent channels by utilizing a geometry-based stochastic channel model for the downlink and the uplink. The ranging error bound is utilized to compute the precision gain for a ranging scenario with multiple collocated transmit and receive antennas. The position error bound is then split into a monostatic and bistatic component to analyze the positioning performance in a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) RFID system. Simulation results indicate that the ranging variance is approximately halved when utilizing uncorrelated constituent channels in a monostatic setup. It is shown that both the bandwidth and the number of antennas decrease the error variance roughly quadratically.","PeriodicalId":105916,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116878182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of a rectifier-free UHF Gen-2 compatible RFID Tag using RF-only logic","authors":"Wenxu Zhao, Kirti Bhanushali, P. Franzon","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2016.7488013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2016.7488013","url":null,"abstract":"AC-DC rectifier and storage capacitors take up 25% or more of chip area for cost-sensitive passive RFID tags. In this work, we show that these components can be eliminated by utilizing a RF-only circuit structure. Therefore, the chip would be smaller and cheaper. RF-only logic permits digital operations to be performed from an AC, rather than DC, power supply. An UHF Gen-2 compatible RFID tag is designed using the RF-only logic. Powering and communication solutions in direct ASK carrier powered scenario are developed. RF front-end circuits are designed in RF-only fashion and a standard cell library of RF-only logic is developed and tailored for this application. The RFID tag is implemented in a 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The tag dimensions are 0.6 mm × 0.3 mm and its sensitivity is 0 dBm at RF amplitude of 500mV in simulation. The same methodology can be applied to enable lower RF amplitude implementations that trade off area for sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":105916,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128237868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards unobtrusive real-time fluid intake monitoring using passive UHF RFID","authors":"Asangi Jayatilaka, D. Ranasinghe","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2016.7488009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2016.7488009","url":null,"abstract":"Over or under consumption of fluids can lead to discomfort and diseases. Monitoring fluid intake is important to make sure people are adequately hydrated. Current approaches for automatic fluid intake monitoring are obtrusive, expensive or maintenance prone. In this research, we propose an unobtrusive, maintenance free fluid intake monitoring system based on passive (batteryless), Ultra High Frequency (UHF), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology by attaching a single RFID tag to a drinking container. In particular, we employ Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and phase patterns embedded in the RFID data stream to recognize individual instances of natural drinking episodes. We conducted experiments in a realistic setting using broadly scripted activity routines with 8 young volunteers. Promising results achieved in this preliminary investigation is a strong indication of the possibility of employing passive RFID technology for monitoring fluid intake in particular for recognizing natural drinking episodes in real time.","PeriodicalId":105916,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126501518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An anonymous RFID grouping-proof with missing tag identification","authors":"M. Burmester, J. Munilla","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2016.7488020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2016.7488020","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology has greatly increased the efficiency for inventory control, supply-chain management and logistics. With RFID group scanning, an RFID reader scans a collection of RFID tagged objects to generate a grouping-proof of \"simultaneous\" presence. Some shipments may have to be tracked remotely by readers that are not necessarily trusted. Current solutions, particularly those supporting anonymity, require readers to be trusted. In this paper we study RFID group scanning applications with untrusted readers, and present an anonymous grouping-proof of integrity for collections of RFID tagged objects. The proof can be checked by the verifier (a trusted entity) and the reader (an untrusted entity) can recover the identifiers of missing tags, but cannot generate a proof if tags are missing. The protocol can easily be adapted to get an anonymous RFID grouping code and is very efficient with just two rounds. We only assume that tags are able to generate pseudo-random numbers and compute one-way hash functions.","PeriodicalId":105916,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131572454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RF thermoelectric generation for passive RFID","authors":"G. Durgin","doi":"10.1109/RFID.2016.7488025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RFID.2016.7488025","url":null,"abstract":"Despite recent gains in turn-on sensitivity, passive RFID tags are approaching fundamental limits imposed by diode conversion of RF-to-DC power. However, an RF-to-thermal-to-DC energy conversion process can be shown to outperform existing diode conversion techniques at very low power levels, in terms of both conversion efficiency and output voltage. We explore the original design of an RF-driven thermoelectric generator and demonstrate a possible pathway to a purely passive tag with greater than 100m range.","PeriodicalId":105916,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130387140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}