Day 2 Wed, March 27, 2019最新文献

{"title":"Field Testing of High-Strength Rotary Shouldered Connections in Difficult Drilling Conditions","authors":"K. K. Li, M. Du, F. Song, D. Smith, W. Blackman","doi":"10.2523/IPTC-19412-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-19412-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Rotary shouldered connections on a bottom hole assembly (BHA) are most susceptible to twist-offs during high-fatigue drilling, which lead to expensive fishing jobs and loss of productive time. The increasing use of rotary steerable systems and the difficult drilling conditions in land operations demand threaded connections that are substantially stronger than the existing API ones. This paper is meant to present the field test results of two newly developed connection designs in harsh drilling environments.\u0000 The high-strength connections were developed by devising and optimizing a new thread form and applying an advanced manufacturing process. Experimental results from full-scale fatigue tests indicated ten-fold fatigue life extensions over their existing counterparts at a given dogleg severity (DLS) level. The aspects that could not be covered in laboratory conditions were evaluated in field environments. These include on-rig makeup and breakout, downhole drilling conditions, field inspections, and recuts. The field testing program underwent using one new connection on a BHA, replacing all existing connections with the new ones, and eventually having a fleet of BHA components with the new connections.\u0000 All field trials on the two new connections, one being a shop joint and the other a field joint, were conducted in client wells with over 100 runs on North American land. More than 717,000 drilling feet and 9,500 drilling hours have been accumulated. The connections were used per the existing common field practices to drill both curved and lateral sections. The maximum DLS achieved was 17°/100 ft. The longest lateral section drilled in one run was more than 19,500 ft. The large curvature in the curved section, along with the long lateral section where noticeable local DLS was frequently encountered in interbedded formation, posed a substantial risk of fatigue failures to the connections. Nevertheless, no twist-off was reported with in-specification conditions. Root causes for failures induced by out-of-specification circumstances could be well explained. The respective recut rates of the new connection designs were found to be lower than those of the existing ones.\u0000 A comprehensive field test program on two newly developed high-strength BHA connections will be presented. The measured key performance metrics, which could not be covered in laboratory experiments and were particularly evaluated in client wells, will be discussed. Investigation results of failures caused by out-of-specification conditions will be shared. The field trial results indicated that the two new connection designs provide a reliable solution to twist-offs of existing API connections induced by harsh fatigue environments.","PeriodicalId":105730,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 27, 2019","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122354644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Epoxy Resin Formulation","authors":"Khawlah Alanqari, A. Al-Yami, V. Wagle, Mohammed Al-Jubran","doi":"10.2523/IPTC-19061-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-19061-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Polymer resin systems have many advantages over conventional cement. Since resins are solids free, they can be used in low injectivity zones such as narrow fractures where conventional cement cannot be pumped. In order to ensure successful field applications of resin systems, downhole temperature must be checked. The objective of this paper is to introduce a high temprarure resin system compared to conventional ones, evaluate the stability of epoxy resin formulation at high temperatures and identify the optimum temperature for successful application.\u0000 Despite the many advantages of polymer resins, they have few limitations that can affect their performance and the success. One important limitation of resins is temperature sensitivity. Temperature affects the speed of the reaction of the resin with the curing agent. Therefore, it is important to design the polymer resin according to downhole conditions. As curing temperature approach glass transition temperature, the mechanical properties of the cured resin are compromised.\u0000 Resin formulation #1 investigated in this study was used in the field for different applications. However, all the application were performed in tempratures lower than 225 °F due to temperature limitation.\u0000 The objective of this paper is to investigate new resin formulation and its suitability to be applied in deeper section where temperature is way above 225 °F reaching in some application to more than 290 °F. The resin formulation was cured through polymerization process using an amine curing agent to improve properties even further. The final cured polymer was then analyzed through DSC, TGA, and SEM experiments.","PeriodicalId":105730,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 27, 2019","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132902203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Reservoir and Geomechanical Coupling Simulation Method: Case Studies in Shale Gas and CBM Reservoir","authors":"Tang Xuanhe, Zhu Haiyan, Qingyou Liu, Song Yujia","doi":"10.2523/IPTC-19288-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-19288-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To investigate the time-lapse, three-dimensional (so-called four dimensional/4D) stress during production/injection, a 4D multi-physical modeling method is proposed. A finite difference method (FDM) reservoir simulator is used to couple thermal-hydrological-chemical (THC) processes, while a finite element method (FEM) geomechanical simulator takes on the role of a thermal-hydrological-mechanical (THM) coupling calculator. Heterogeneity and anisotropy of the reservoir flow and geomechanical properties as well as the permeability stress-sensitivity can be considered in modelling based on field and experimental data. In order to couple the flow model with the geomechanical model, an improved interface (coupling) Python code is provided to communicate data between the finite difference (FD) and finite element (FE) grids. Ultimately, this method is applied to analyze the stress and poro-elastic parameters evolution of hydraulic fractured Sichuan Basin shale gas reservoir and Qinshui Basin coalbed methane (CBM) reservoir in production.","PeriodicalId":105730,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 27, 2019","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132211212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Data Analytics to Incorporate Geophysical Surface Uncertainty into Subsurface Modelling","authors":"M. Hardy, A. Lockwood, P. Thomas","doi":"10.2523/IPTC-19107-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-19107-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Uncertainty is present at every stage of the subsurface modelling workflow and understanding it is an ongoing challenge for the petroleum industry. Quantifying this uncertainty is a rapidly growing field of study as increasingly available high-performance computing enables the application of traditional statistical methods to this problem. However, the extension of these methods to spatial data remains a challenge for which there is no immediate solution. This paper describes the use of data analytics techniques to incorporate spatial uncertainty in reservoir surfaces into subsurface modelling. A metric usually applied in image analytics, the Modified Hausdorff Distance, is adapted for this purpose. The workflow involves sampling the domain of possible surface realisations, characterising them using this metric and determining the most efficient subset to represent the entire data set. The value of this process is that the selected subset captures spatial uncertainty in the surface rather than only gross rock volume. The proposed technique proved to be a simple process that was able to easily select these surfaces from a stochastically generated set and has been successfully applied to the top reservoir surfaces in two fields.","PeriodicalId":105730,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 27, 2019","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127919733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dynamic Characterization Approach for a Complex Naturally Fractured Reservoir","authors":"R. Alcantara, L. H. Santiago, Gorgonio Fuentes, H. Garcia, Pablo Romero, Pedro López, Blanca Angulo, M. Martinez","doi":"10.2523/IPTC-19500-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-19500-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (NFR) constitute a challenge for the oil industry due to its importance in hydrocarbon production and the technical complexity they represent, because well’s productivity in carbonated formations is influenced by fracture systems that govern the fluids motion within reservoirs.\u0000 This approach is oriented to the analysis of a very complex NFR, where we show the results obtained through a dynamic characterization methodology focused on new opportunities in a High Pressure-High Temperature (HP-HT) coastal mature oilfield with high water cut production. The proposed methodology is based on a full analysis starting from the pressure-production historical data, fluids properties, dual-porosity material balance, a detailed static model update (petrophysics, core analysis, petrography, fracture analysis, sedimentology-diagenesis and structural geology), flow units discretization, Water-Oil Contact (WOC) advance monitoring in each block, Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) (determination of preferential flow direction and interference), and Rate Transient Analysis (RTA).\u0000 This methodology allowed to determine the real Original Oil in Place (OOIP) and the proper recovery factor according to the type of NFR and its characteristics, to detect different WOC’s for each block that were hydraulically connected to each other but with a different dynamic behavior among them, the detection of heterogeneities, facies changes and faults that originally were not mapped, sweet spots location, better distribution of the petrophysical properties, fracture analysis, static model reinterpretation based on the dynamic behavior, reservoir connectivity analysis (among blocks) and the generation of improved production forecasts based on an exploitation strategy especially designed for the current conditions and needs of the field; all of this contributed to have a better understanding of the reservoir and a good numerical simulation model.","PeriodicalId":105730,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 27, 2019","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126526984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research and Application of Retreatment Technology to Tap Remaining Oil in Chang Qing Low Permeability Oilfield","authors":"Wu Zengzhi, Zou Hongjiang, Wang Yugong, Wu Long, Li Yong, Xu Yang, Wang Renfeng, Meng Qingcong, Jiang Wenxue, Wang Suoliang, Liantao Shan, Li Dan","doi":"10.2523/IPTC-19404-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-19404-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the development of Chang Qing Oilfield, the following technical problems are faced: the increasing proportion of the low-production and low-efficiency wells, the worse production of pertinence and effectiveness in conventional retreatments and a large amount of remaining oil between wells and layers. In this case, the technique of radial fracture network fracturing and deep plugging has been proposed. Meanwhile, the matching products which include variable viscosity diverting acid, micro expansion high strength plugging agent and temporary plugging agent (oil soluble, water soluble and anti-scale) have been developed as well. Nowadays, the retreatment technology has been successfully tested and popularized in Chang Qing oilfield. Compared with the conventional retreatments, these two technologies have remarkable effect on increasing production and prospective application.","PeriodicalId":105730,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 27, 2019","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126467134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Formation Evaluation Using Novel Neutron Correction in the Presence of Trace Elements","authors":"Hao Zhang, Nora Alarcon, F. Mendez","doi":"10.2523/IPTC-19340-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-19340-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The estimation of formation porosity in particular and formation volumetrics in general are key to any reservoir evaluation as they establish the hydrocarbon storage capacity. Compensated neutron porosity is one of the most common measurements incorporated in any log-based volumetric analysis. However, this type of measurement is strongly affected by the presence of trace elements, especially in clay rich formations. Trace elements, such as boron and gadolinium, have very high neutron capture cross-sections and absorb large amounts of thermal neutrons in the formation. Whenever these elements are present in concentrations exceeding just a few parts per million they have a significant effect on overall thermal neutron capture, yielding high apparent neutron porosity. When the measurement is included in an integrated log analysis system, this results in inaccurate formation porosity and matrix volumes. A reliable neutron porosity correction method is therefore needed to improve petrophysical evaluation in in such logging environments.\u0000 In this work, an integrated model is proposed to correct the compensated neutron response using pulsed neutron spectroscopy measurements and other conventional log data. A joined inversion method is implemented which obtains an improved neutron response by removing the undesirable contributions by the trace elements which are not a part of the formation petrophysical model.\u0000 The proposed model is validated, by applying it to several data sets from different shale plays in North America and Latin America, and comparing the results against core analysis data. Due to presence of rich trace elements in the formation, without the correction model, the original processing results indicate up to 50% higher formation porosity when compared with core measurements. After applying the proposed correction, the porosity comparison is dramatically improved, matching the reference core porosity.\u0000 The proposed model offers an effective, integrated analysis method, in challenging unconventional clay-rich shale environments, for correct estimation of formation porosity and volumes of mineral constituents.","PeriodicalId":105730,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 27, 2019","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126093073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signal to Noise Ratio Enhancement Using Empirical Wavelet Transform","authors":"W. Y. Lee, R. Hamidi, D. Ghosh, Mohd Hafiz Musa","doi":"10.2523/IPTC-19569-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-19569-MS","url":null,"abstract":"Noise is the unwanted energy in a seismic trace opposed to the signals corresponding to reflected energy from the subsurface features. Since it can overlap with the main signals’ energy and conceal the geological information, noise attenuation is one of the most important steps in seismic data processing. The most common method is frequency filtering. However, due to its limitations on separating the noise from signals, this method usually results in hurting the signal. Hence, it is important to develop an alternative method that can attenuate the noise without affecting the signal. Filters based on time-frequency analysis of the data can have a better separation of the noise from signal as they maintain the time localization of events while presenting their frequency content simultaneously. One of the recent approaches to time-frequency analysis of signals is the Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) which provides adaptive wavelet filter bank for signal analysis. In this paper, a filter is designed based on EWT for random noise attenuation and is applied on both synthetic and real data. To evaluate the proposed filter performance, its results are compared with the filters based on Short Time Fourier Transform and Wavelet transform. As the EWT filter separate different seismic features using the adaptive basis wavelets, it can attenuate the noise while preserving the signals with higher precision.","PeriodicalId":105730,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 27, 2019","volume":"6 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123888937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Water Alternating Hydrocarbon Gas Miscible Flooding in a Low Permeability Reservoir","authors":"Jiangyan Dong, Shuhong Wu, Guoqiang Xing, T. Fan, Hua Li, Baohua Wang","doi":"10.2523/IPTC-19063-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-19063-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Water alternating hydrocarbon gas miscible flooding integrates the improved microscopic displacement efficiency of gas flooding with the increased macroscopic sweeping volume of water injection and has been applied as an enhanced oil recovery method. The purpose of this research is to analyze effects of developmental factors on a water alternating hydrocarbon gas miscible flooding.\u0000 A low permeability reservoir sector model with one producer and two injectors is conducted to determine the optimal dynamic parameters in water alternating hydrocarbon gas miscible flooding. Firstly, effects of three injection methods are analyzed. Then, factors of water alternating hydrocarbon gas miscible flooding discussed in this research include components of hydrocarbon gas, WAG ratios, and gas injection rates. Three injection methods, continuous water flooding, continuous hydrocarbon gas flooding and water alternating hydrocarbon gas miscible flooding, have an impact on the displacement efficiency and sweep efficiency, which effect the oil recovery. The mole percentage of C1 in injected gas is related to the minimum miscible pressure, which directly affects production performances of hydrocarbon gas miscible flooding. The value of this factor is scaled from 75% to 90% to discover its effect on oil recovery in this sector model. Different WAG ratios act differently in gas breakthrough and pressure maintenance. WAG ratios are respectively 1:5 (one month gas injection followed by five months water injection), 3:6 and 6:6 in this research. Gas injection rates are set from 5,000Mscfd to 15,000Mscfd to study their impacts on production performances.\u0000 Results show that water alternating hydrocarbon gas miscible flooding gains higher displacement efficiency than continuous waterflooding and performs better in sweep efficiency than continuous hydrocarbon gas flooding. Under the similar condition, the mole percentage of C1 acts differently on reservoir performances. Along with the decrease of C1 mole percentage, oil recovery raises from 49.44% to 51.43%. Based on this, simulation schemes with different WAG ratios which impact the gas injection volume are carried out for further study. Compares to the results of 1:5 WAG ratio, and 3:6 WAG ratio, 6:6 WAG ratio contributes to a longer production plateau and a higher oil recovery accordingly. Furthermore, gas injection volume is related to the reservoir potential, and through observations, simulation scenario with 6:6 WAG ratio offers a sustainable higher production and shows higher potential in this research. When other factors stay unchanged, gas injection rate as the only variable raises from 5,000Mscfd to 15,000Mscfd, the oil recoveries of these simulation schemes increase. However, the increments of the oil recoveries gradually decline, which demonstrates that an appropriate injection gas rate can achieve a sufficient production performance and obtain a maximum economic benefit.\u0000 Based on previous findings in this stu","PeriodicalId":105730,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 27, 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131118124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Novel Anti-Temperature, Anti-Wear and Ecofriendly Lubricant SDL-1 for Water-Based Drilling Fluid","authors":"Yunfeng Liu, Z. Qiu, H. Zhong, Meng Meng, Xin Zhao, Z. Nie, Weian Huang","doi":"10.2523/IPTC-19406-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2523/IPTC-19406-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lubricants used in the Water based mud (WBM) can solve the high torque and drag problems encountered in extended reach drilling operations. The fast development in the deep & ultra-deep drilling technology puts forward higher requirements for the anti-temperature performance of WBM lubricants which beyond the ability of the commercial lubricants. How to fulfill the gradually restrictive environmental regulations and lower the total cost has already been a tough task for the drilling fluid designers.\u0000 In this paper, a novel lubricant SDL-1 as synergistic application of optimized waste by-product vegetable oil MVO-3 and expandable graphite GIC was described. The physicochemical properties of MVO-3 and GIC were analyzed separately. In order to form a stable synergetic system, the type and amounts of the dispersants and emulsifiers were optimized. Then technological development process of lubricant SDL-1 was introduced in details. And comprehensive evaluations of SDL-1 were conducted according to corresponding technical standards and the synergistic mechanism of it was revealed.\u0000 Development of the novel lubricant as synergistic application of waste by-product vegetable oil and expandable graphite affords a hopeful solution to solve the high torque and drag problems during drilling process. The substantial reduction in drilling costs with valuable application prospect makes the new developed lubricant more attractive. Furthermore, further benefits could appear in the economic development of relevant industries as the locally waste by-product vegetable oil was used in developing the novel lubricant.","PeriodicalId":105730,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 27, 2019","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115714392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}