Development Economics: Regional & Country Studies eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Imagining Alternatives? Latin American Scholarship on International Economic Law and the Global Economic Order","authors":"Nicolás M. Perrone","doi":"10.5070/C7371048097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5070/C7371048097","url":null,"abstract":"Author(s): Perrone, Nicolas M. | Abstract: This Article analyzes the role of Latin American international economic law scholarship within the global economic order. Many of the problems that Latin Americans face today relate to the global economy, such as labor conditions, access to medicine, and the use of natural resources, among others. The discussion of these problems, however, seldom recognizes the role of international economic law scholarship. Although the knowledge created by this scholarship may not completely explain why States actively behave in a certain way, it can serve to explain why they may refrain from certain actions. This Article argues that scholarship on international economic law plays a crucial role in the creation and reproduction of the current global economic order. If this claim is correct, regional scholarship can do more for Latin America than serving the advisory and litigation needs of States. By recognizing its role in constituting the global economic order, international economic law scholarship can promote alternative theories and practices that may help Latin America and its people find their place in the global economy.","PeriodicalId":105668,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Regional & Country Studies eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114470794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women Waste Pickers’ Lives during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Ahmedabad, India","authors":"Josie Wittmer, S. Srinivasan, M. Qureshi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3885161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3885161","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on women waste pickers’ experiences of the COVID-19 lockdown in Ahmedabad, India to explore the value of paid employment in public space as an empowerment strategy. Drawing from phone interviews we find that women waste pickers were prevented from working during the lockdown resulting in loss of income, increased borrowing and hunger, and disruptions to the empowering benefits of this precarious livelihood. The inability to leave the home, increased time spent on household chores, and increased stresses affect women’s health as does the disruption of occupational networks that enable waste work and emotional support. While women are keen to return to work, they face challenges pertaining to privatization/ mechanization, hygiene/sanitation/infection risks, and seasonality, necessitating more precarious adaptations within or outside of waste work. The COVID-19 lockdown reaffirms the need for a rights-based enabling context within which individuals can work with dignity, exercise agency and pursue wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":105668,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Regional & Country Studies eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124656815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contract Labour Management Practices in Indian Industries on Rourkela Steel Plant","authors":"Nibedita Nanda, K. Patra, Ipseeta Nanda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3713821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3713821","url":null,"abstract":"Contract Labourers (CLs) in Indian Industries are mostly engaged as skilled and unskilled workers. It is also a common feature seen in agriculture and similar operations and to some area considering service sectors. A workman who is employed as contract labours deem to be hired in association with the work of any enterprise by or throughout a contractor. CLs are individuals those are employed, administered and rewarded by a contractor, sequentially, are settling up with the establishment. Inferior status of labour, employment relaxed behaviour, require of job certainty and poor economic circumstances are the main features of CLs. At the same time as Economic Factors (EF) for example the cost efficiency may give good reason for engagement of CLs, whereas consideration of social justice calls for its abolitions and regulations. Main purpose of this acquisition of this paper is to know different provisions of law and how this provision differs from those of the regular workers in organizations.","PeriodicalId":105668,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Regional & Country Studies eJournal","volume":"22 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132749122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Which Fiscal Instrument Matters?","authors":"A.M. Martin","doi":"10.31014/AIOR.1992.03.03.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31014/AIOR.1992.03.03.270","url":null,"abstract":"The existing literature is inconclusive on the relationship between fiscal instruments and income inequality. Many governments concerned with issues of income redistribution have paid attention to the way in which tax revenues are collected. In this study we shed new light on this issue by empirically investigating which between weight of tax revenues and tax structure used to collect revenues is more important in reducing income inequality in SSA. We use panel data on 34 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries over the period of 1992- 2014. Our model was inspired by the model developed by Martinez-Vazquez and al. (2012) and modified by Dao and Godbout (2014). We present both conventional fixed effect regressions and instrumental variable analyses, where fiscal instruments using the employment rate and the proportion of the working-age population as an instrument. The results reveal that the fiscal instrument tax revenues are count much more in reducing inequalities than the fiscal instrument used to collect revenues. The results are robust to different econometric specifications.","PeriodicalId":105668,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Regional & Country Studies eJournal","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116051641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributional Impact of the Rice Tariffication Policy in the Philippines","authors":"J. Balié, N. Minot, H. Valera","doi":"10.2499/p15738coll2.133994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133994","url":null,"abstract":"In March 2019, the government of the Philippines promulgated a bill called the Rice Tariffication Law (RTL). It has dramatically changed the policy landscape in the rice sector and generated heated debates on how it would affect food security and poverty. This study explores the welfare effects of this reform across different types of households. We rely on the IRRI Global Rice Model to simulate the domestic price effects of the reform (Balié and Valera, 2020) and the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) to study the welfare impact of these price changes. Our results show that the RTL reduces consumer and producer rice prices, which affects households on the production and the consumption sides. Because a large majority of households are net buyers of rice and the policy reform reduces rice prices, most households benefit from the reform. Overall, the effects of the reform on poverty are beneficial. The poorest quintiles are positively affected, while the richest quintiles are unaffected or slightly worse-off. Spatially, the poorest regions also benefit the most. However, the rice growers who are net sellers are negatively impacted. The government should seek to mitigate the negative effects on non-competitive rice growers. Investments in public goods and services are a promising option to ease the emergence of on-farm and off-farm businesses as more profitable alternatives to rice production.","PeriodicalId":105668,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Regional & Country Studies eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121208481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Induced Lockdown Effects on Agricultural Commodity Prices and Consumer Behaviour in India – Implications for Food Loss and Waste Management","authors":"A. A. Cariappa, K. K. Acharya, C. Adhav, R. Sendhil, P. Ramasundaram","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3680634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3680634","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Distortion in distribution and consumption of agricultural commodities is a result of disruptive shocks in prices and food value chains leading to a significant food loss as well as waste. We investigated the COVID-19 induced lockdown effects in India through an interrupted time series analysis coupled with a survey result of 729 consumers, 225 farmers and synthesis of the literature evidence on food loss as well as food waste. Our article complements the literature inventory on COVID-19 by estimating and tracking the effects on prices and consumer behaviour in the long-run apart from discussing the implications for food loss and waste. Prices post-lockdown shot up immediately and significantly for chickpea (4.8%), mung bean (5.2%), and tomato (78.2%) corroborating the loss in highly perishable product – tomato – owing to its spiked price. We find no structural break in prices due to lockdown implying that lockdown-induced price change was not sufficient to alter the long-run price movement, and the prices of the major commodities reverted to the pre-lockdown levels. The pandemic induced lockdown did restrict the access to food markets and a majority of consumers (75.31%) experienced a price increase across COVID zones of different intensity of incidence leading to food loss along supply chain and wastage at consumers end. Consumers’ livelihood affected from moderate (59.53%) to severe (3.3%) with 92 per cent reporting a change in shopping behavior. The Kruskal-Wallis test on consumption behavior change indicated a significant shift among the consumers reporting altered income, mostly in the downside, post-lockdown. Despite the relaxation for agricultural related activities during the lockdown, farmers reported disruption in disposing their winter produce barring wheat, bolstered by a record state procurement in 2020. The paper affirms that the pandemic has caused a significant price change and unprecedented panic purchase that led to the food wastage but subsided soon exhibiting the resilience in Indian agriculture. We strongly recommend for promoting the capacity and collective resilience of small-scale production systems through institutions, policies and reforms. Contract farming, farmer producer organizations, creation and functioning of social safety nets to overcome income, production and price shocks, access to digital national markets and capacity building on food waste management practices will insulate vulnerable section as well as reduce the loss of food across supply chain.","PeriodicalId":105668,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Regional & Country Studies eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115195902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Parent Teachers’ Work-Life Balance and Job Productivity in Edo State Public Senior Secondary Schools","authors":"H. O. Alonge, E. O. Osagiobare","doi":"10.31014/aior.1993.03.03.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.03.03.143","url":null,"abstract":"Work-life is believed to have either positive or negative effect on employees’ job productivity especially among single-parent workers. The study investigated the relationship between single parent-teachers and their level of job productivity in public senior secondary schools in Edo State. To achieve this objective, four research questions were raised while three hypotheses were formulated therefrom. Two hundred and twenty-five single-parent teachers were purposively selected across the State-owned secondary schools in Edo State, Nigeria. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire which was validated and tested for reliability level. The data collected were analyzed with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results obtained in the research indicated that single-parent teachers have low level of job productivity while their work-life balance was relatively less stressful. It was however found that there was no significant relationship between work-life balance and job productivity of single parent-teachers. Consequent upon this, it was recommended amongst others that school leadership should show more consideration to the personal and family needs of single-parent teachers especially; they should be innovative by using modern pedagogical tools for teaching and learning. Principals should step up their instructional supervisory roles, also, they should improve on their commitment to the welfare and working conditions of their staff members, especially the single parent teachers for improved job productivity.","PeriodicalId":105668,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Regional & Country Studies eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116916755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pricing Children, Curbing Daughters: Fertility and the Sex-Ratio During China's One-Child Policy","authors":"J. García","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3455681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3455681","url":null,"abstract":"I provide the first empirical characterization of China’s One-Child Policy as it actually occurred: It was an individually tailored, age-specific pricing system allowing women to have more than one child. I exploit within-woman variation to identify the impact of the policy. The policy decreased the number of daughters that women had; it did not impact the number of sons. Data on abortions and ultrasound-technology availability support this finding. The policy impacted fertility throughout the period 1979-2000. Without the policy, the total fertility rate and average daughter-to-son ratio would have been 2.2 and 0.9 in 2000. Instead, they were 1.5 and 0.8.","PeriodicalId":105668,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Regional & Country Studies eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127238631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the Impact of Government Regulations on the Private Sector Sugar Mills of Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Shreoshee Mukherjee, Ridhi Varma, K. Basu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3781778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3781778","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we examine the effects of regulatory instruments on thefinancial performance of 18 private firms in the sugar industry of UttarPradesh using panel data from 2000 to 2015. The econometric analysis isconducted to figure out to what extent price regulations for sugar industry impacts the profitability of the firms. The datasets are collated from secondary sources using Capitaline from Rabo Bank’s Food & Advisory ResearchDivision and Indian Sugar Mill Association Year Books - both of which have historical datasets for the financial and productivity indicators to study the economic impacts. It is observed that the profitability of the private mills drops considerably as the cane prices regulated by the state governmentincreases. The other instruments to regulate the byproducts like molasses and the regulation on jute packaging also adversely affect the profitability of the private mills.","PeriodicalId":105668,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Regional & Country Studies eJournal","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124592730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Export Liberalization and Domestic Policy Distortion: Evidence from VAT Rate Dispersion in China","authors":"Xiaoping Chen, Y. Shao, Xiaotao Zhao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3666967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3666967","url":null,"abstract":"Tax policies are implemented with significant degree of distortion across firms. Using data on Chinese firms' value-added tax (VAT) payment, we empirically investigate whether export liberalization affects the within-industry VAT rate dispersion across firms, a direct measure of distortion. Adopting the trade policy uncertainty (TPU) shock upon China's WTO accession as the identification strategy, we use the difference-in-difference approach to show that export liberalization through the removal of TPU significantly decreases the within-industry VAT rate dispersion. This result remains significant throughout a series of robustness checks. Our paper thus highlights another source of gains from trade liberalization through mitigating domestic misallocation.","PeriodicalId":105668,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Regional & Country Studies eJournal","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132768243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}