Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )最新文献

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Cancer Vaccines: Another Aspect to Immunotherapy 癌症疫苗:免疫疗法的另一个角度
Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-07 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1057
Ismail Ibrahim Al-Janabi
{"title":"Cancer Vaccines: Another Aspect to Immunotherapy","authors":"Ismail Ibrahim Al-Janabi","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1057","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Therapeutic cancer vaccination is an important side of immunotherapy. For the vaccines to achieve their treatment aim, they must overcome barriers erected by a restrained immune system. Objective: This simple review hopes to provide a foundation for the principles behind cancer vaccines. Methods: Several literature search engines were employed to collect peer-reviewed papers using the criteria outlined in the methods section. Main points: In addition to the well-established “preventative” cancer vaccines, there are now a few therapeutic vaccines for the “treatment” of certain malignancies. Moreover, hundreds of ongoing clinical trials eagerly await their results due to the relative infancy of the field. The continued advancements in cancer immunotherapy can bring fruitful results to some of the clinical work in progress. Conclusions: Therapeutic cancer vaccines are establishing themselves as another arm of immunotherapy in the fight against this complex disease.","PeriodicalId":105471,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physical Exercise at High Altitudes Increases Erythropoietin Hormone Secretion: A Systematic Review 高海拔地区的体育锻炼会增加促红细胞生成素激素的分泌:系统综述
Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1031
Novadri Ayubi, Junian Cahyanto Wibawa, M. Aljunaid
{"title":"Physical Exercise at High Altitudes Increases Erythropoietin Hormone Secretion: A Systematic Review","authors":"Novadri Ayubi, Junian Cahyanto Wibawa, M. Aljunaid","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1031","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate and quantify the mechanism by which exercise at high altitude increases the release of the erythropoietin hormone. Methods: This study examines many journal databases, such as Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Among the criteria considered in this study were articles published within the last five years, as well as those on erythropoietin, physical activity, and high-altitude training. We only rejected publications published in anonymous journals for inclusion in this analysis. We successfully identified 2510 papers in total using the Embase, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Scopus databases. We have looked at and reviewed approximately ten papers that address the requirements for this systemic breakthrough. We developed standard operating procedures for the current investigation using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Results: The systemic analysis reveals that physical activity at altitude elevates the hormone erythropoietin, leading to an increase in erythrocyte count. Furthermore, it can improve physical performance by increasing oxygen delivery to cells, thereby potentially triggering energy system function. Conclusions: Anaerobic physical exercise at an altitude of 4000-5000 m for a minimum of four weeks can have a real impact on increasing levels of the hormone erythropoietin. For further research and analysis, it is advisable to find out what genes trigger the release of the hormone erythropoietin.","PeriodicalId":105471,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Prevalence, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches 了解注意力缺陷多动障碍:患病率、病因、诊断和治疗方法
Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v7i1.756
Jamuna Das, Jitendriya Biswal, Rakesh Mohanty, Manika Bose, Sansita Parida
{"title":"Understanding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Prevalence, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches","authors":"Jamuna Das, Jitendriya Biswal, Rakesh Mohanty, Manika Bose, Sansita Parida","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v7i1.756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.756","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is classified using neoclassical systems such as the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 and the International Classification of Disease-10. There is significant evidence that pharmaceutical treatment, particularly stimulants, can reduce symptoms in the short term. Objective: To explore the comprehensive landscape of childhood to adulthood ADHD within the literature, which involves delving into its prevalence, etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment modalities. Methods: A literature search was conducted across articles published in English between 2011 and 2023; the literature extensively explored the prevalence, etiology, risk factors and diagnosis of the subject, with limited attention given to treatment between 2003 and 2023, utilizing electronic search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, IndMED, and MedIND, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search terms included \"ADHD,\" \"Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder,\" \"Hyperactivity,\" \"Child Psychiatry,\" \"Hyperkinetic Disorder,\" \"Attention Deficit Disorder,\" and \"Worldwide.” Results: Out of the 400 papers evaluated, only 52 met the criteria encompassing prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Conclusions: ADHD is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder impacting individuals from childhood to adulthood, with varying prevalence rates globally. Methodological differences influence prevalence estimates, highlighting the need for standardized study designs. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development. Management typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, lifestyle adjustments, and medication. However, refined diagnostic criteria and tailored treatment guidelines for children and adults are necessary. Continuous evaluation of interventions is crucial for optimizing care and enhancing the well-being of individuals with ADHD.","PeriodicalId":105471,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Proceedings of the 4th International Scientific Conference of Iraqi Society of Clinical Oncology (ISCO 2023) 伊拉克临床肿瘤学会第四届国际科学会议(ISCO 2023)论文集
Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1118
{"title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Scientific Conference of Iraqi Society of Clinical Oncology (ISCO 2023)","authors":"","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1118","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>N/A</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":105471,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bioavailability of Bilastine Oral Self-nanoemulsion: Comparative Study with Commercial Formula in Rats 比拉斯汀口服自纳米乳剂的生物利用度:大鼠与商用配方的比较研究
Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1024
I. K. Abbas, Shaimaa Nazar Abd Alhammid, A. Fadhil, M. M. Hareeja
{"title":"Bioavailability of Bilastine Oral Self-nanoemulsion: Comparative Study with Commercial Formula in Rats","authors":"I. K. Abbas, Shaimaa Nazar Abd Alhammid, A. Fadhil, M. M. Hareeja","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1024","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bilastine (BL) is a novel non-sedating second-generation antihistamine, and its bioavailability is about 60%. Objective: To compare the bioavailability of prepared oral self-nanoemulsions of BL (BL-SNE) with that of pure BL and marketed tablets. Methods: Four groups of Wistar rats were used in this study, each with six rats weighing between 200 and 250 g. They were treated orally using a a gavage tube. The groups were fed either with conventional tablets (\"Alerbix®\") after being ground and dispersed with deionized water (DIW), treated with BL-SNE or fed with pure BL powder suspension. The fourth group did not receive any medication. The concentration of BL in the rat’s plasma was measured using HPLC. We used Trandolapril as an an internal standard. Results: The bioavailability results for the the prepared formula, tablet, and pure BL were 24289.91 ng/ml, 0.75 h, 12.81, 97844.7 ng.h/ml, and 98732.9 ng/ml, respectively, for the BL-SNE formula, and 15840.37, 1.0, 13.014, 66140.4, and 67088.3 for the tablets. Meanwhile, the BL suspension demonstrates 10830.12, 1.0 h, 12.96, 59397.12 ng/ml, and 60534.64 ng/ml, respectively. Conclusions: The relative bioavailability of BL-SNE was 1.47 and 1.6 times higher than that of marketed tablets and pure BL, respectively. This indicates an improvement in BL's bioavailability.","PeriodicalId":105471,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )","volume":"159 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Formulation and Evaluation of Bilastine Thermosensitive Mucoadhesive Ophthalmic in situ Gel 比拉斯汀热敏粘液黏附性眼用原位凝胶的配制与评估
Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1014
Alaa Ghazi Ibrahim, Lena Murad Thomas
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Bilastine Thermosensitive Mucoadhesive Ophthalmic in situ Gel","authors":"Alaa Ghazi Ibrahim, Lena Murad Thomas","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bilastine is a non-sedating, second-generation antihistamine used to treat urticaria and allergic conjunctivitis. Objective: to formulate and test bilastine as a mucoadhesive ophthalmic in situ gel in order to extend its presence at site for longer time and help treat conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis. Methods: We prepared formulations using different concentrations of poloxamers (Poloxamer 407 (P407) and Poloxamer 188 (P188)) in combination with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). The prepared formulas were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, sol-gel transition temperature, viscosity, mucoadhesive strength, drug release, and kinetic modeling. Results: The prepared in situ gels were clear and transparent, having a pH ranging from 7.4 to 7.5 and a gelation temperature between 29.5 and 34.7 °C. Increasing the concentrations of P-407 and HPMC increased viscosity, gel strength, and mucoadhesion force, but caused a decrease in gelation temperature and drug release. Formula (F 14) containing P 407/P 188/HPMC as 19/4/0.75% w/v, respectively, exhibited favorable characteristics, including optimal gelation temperature (33°C), drug content (93%), gel strength (40 sec), mucoadhesive force (6125 dyne/cm2), and 91.4% in vitro drug release over 5 hours. Conclusions: The bilastine mucoadhesive in situ gel formulation is presented as a promising ophthalmic formulation for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":105471,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )","volume":"6 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141686126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preparation and Characterization of Febuxostat Nanosuspension as Fast Dissolving Oral Film 非布索坦纳米悬浮液速溶口服膜的制备与表征
Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v6i2.873
Zahraa Salim Alwan, N. Rajab
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Febuxostat Nanosuspension as Fast Dissolving Oral Film","authors":"Zahraa Salim Alwan, N. Rajab","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v6i2.873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v6i2.873","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Quickly dissolved oral films are a widely accepted method of delivering drugs and help patients adhere to treatment regimens. Nanosuspensions (NS) are colloidal dispersions of drug particles with a submicron size, and their large surface area enhances the solubility and dissolution of low-water-soluble drugs. Febuxostat (FXT) is a non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor with a low dissolution rate that limits its absorption. Objective: To develop fast-dissolving oral films (FDOFs) containing FXT NS and convert NS into solid dosage forms to ease administration and accelerate drug release. Methods: FXT NS was prepared using Soluplus as a stabilizer and Tween80 as a co-stabilizer through an anti-solvent precipitation technique. We prepared FDOFs using a solvent casting method, utilizing hydrophilic polymers like pullulan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin, and plasticizers like polyethylene glycol (PEG400) and glycerin. The study assessed the film's thickness, weight, folding endurance, drug content, disintegration time, and drug release. We validated the drug's compatibility using FTIR, and conducted a crystallinity study using DSC and X-ray powder diffraction. Results: F4 was the optimized formula prepared using PVA and PEG400. In just three minutes, the F4 dissolution rate increased significantly (99.63% vs. 11.23%) compared to the FXT ordinary film. Also, it had good mechanical properties. Conclusions: FXT NS were successfully loaded into FDOFs with accepted properties.","PeriodicalId":105471,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association of the MDR1 Variants (rs2032582 and rs2032583) with Steroid Response in Iraqi Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome 伊拉克特发性肾病综合征患儿的 MDR1 变异(rs2032582 和 rs2032583)与类固醇反应的关系
Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v6i2.944
Ali Mohammed Abd Alridha, D. Kadhim, A. Alkhazrajy
{"title":"Association of the MDR1 Variants (rs2032582 and rs2032583) with Steroid Response in Iraqi Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome","authors":"Ali Mohammed Abd Alridha, D. Kadhim, A. Alkhazrajy","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v6i2.944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v6i2.944","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several studies linked the development of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) to genetic variations in the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene, though a disparity in findings was underlined among children with different ethnic origins. Objective: This study examined the relationship between MDR1 variants (rs2032582 and rs2032583) and the risk of developing SRNS in Iraqi patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). Methods: This case-control study included children with steroid-sensitive INS (SSNS; n=30) and SRNS (n=30) from the Babylon Hospital for Maternity and Pediatrics. Sanger sequencing was used to determine the participants’ genotypes. Results: The rs2032582 genotypes and alleles were not associated with SRNS development risk. It was also found that kids who had both the wild or mutant homozygous genotypes for rs2032583 and rs2032582 variants were more likely to get SRNS [OR (95%CI):30.18 (1.55–588.5), p=0.008] than kids who had both the heterozygous genotypes for rs2032583 and either genotype of rs2032582. Conclusions: Nephrotic children who have homozygous genotypes (wild or mutant) for the rs2032583 and rs2032582 variants likely resist prednisolone therapy, and an alternative therapeutic regimen may be warranted. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the potential implications of MDR1 variants for personalizing drug therapy in INS children.","PeriodicalId":105471,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unveiling Systemic Immune Inflammation Index Correlations in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study 揭示多囊卵巢综合征女性的系统免疫炎症指数相关性:横断面研究
Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v6i2.934
W. Akram, Amenah Fadhil, Wassan Nori
{"title":"Unveiling Systemic Immune Inflammation Index Correlations in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"W. Akram, Amenah Fadhil, Wassan Nori","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v6i2.934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v6i2.934","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy of reproductive-age women that imposes metabolic and cardiovascular risks. Systemic immune inflammation index (SII), an inflammatory biomarker calculated from a complete blood count, was linked to many metabolic and cardiovascular illnesses. Objective: To evaluate the SII correlation with clinical, biochemical, and hormonal parameters characteristic of PCOS cases for screening and diagnostic values. Methods: For fifty PCOS patients who were eligible, we did a cross-sectional study and collected three types of information on each person: demographic information like age, menstrual cycle length, and body mass index (BMI); hormonal information like LH/FSH ratio, testosterone, and fasting insulin; and biochemical information like the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum cholesterol, serum HDL, and serum LDL. The systemic inflammatory index (SII) was calculated from a complete blood count. Results: We found a strong positive correlation between SII and BMI, LH/FSH ratio, testosterone, fasting serum insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, and LDL. However, the correlation between SII, HDL and menstrual cycle days was negative. Regarding the other parameters (HOMA-IR, testosterone, cholesterol, BMI, and LH/FSH ratio), the best subset regression model figures out how strongly SII is linked to each one. Conclusions: SII was strongly and significantly correlated to PCOS clinical, biochemical, and hormonal parameters, which makes it recommendable for screening. Its feasibility, affordability, and meaningful correlation inspired therapeutic and prognostic applications in practice.","PeriodicalId":105471,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141365237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the IFNG rs1861494 Gene among a Subset of Iraqi Pediatric Patients with Gastroenteritis Co-infected with Cryptosporidium and Adenovirus 伊拉克小儿隐孢子虫和腺病毒并发肠胃炎患者中 IFNG rs1861494 基因的单核苷酸多态性
Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.54133/ajms.v6i2.844
M. S. Ibrahim, Fatima Hashim Abbas, Shakir Hammad Al-Alwany, Saad Hasan Mohammed Ali, Ghassan A. Fatal
{"title":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the IFNG rs1861494 Gene among a Subset of Iraqi Pediatric Patients with Gastroenteritis Co-infected with Cryptosporidium and Adenovirus","authors":"M. S. Ibrahim, Fatima Hashim Abbas, Shakir Hammad Al-Alwany, Saad Hasan Mohammed Ali, Ghassan A. Fatal","doi":"10.54133/ajms.v6i2.844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v6i2.844","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Research identifies enteric adenoviruses as the third most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis, while Cryptosporidium causes parasitic gastroenteritis. Many studies have revealed the role of IFN-γ in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Objective: To investigate the IFNG rs1861494 gene polymorphism among Iraqi pediatric patients with gastroenteritis co-infected with cryptosporidium and adenovirus. Method: This case-control study enrolled 75 pediatric patients with severe gastroenteritis, whose ages ranged from 3–120 months and had a mean age of 30.64 months. The apparently healthy control (AHC) in this study included 25 pediatric individuals with a mean age of 27.64 months. We extracted DNA from stool specimens to further extract total genomic DNA, extract the human adenovirus (HADV) viral genome via PCR, and detect the IFNG rs1861494 polymorphism using the ARMS PCR technique. Results: The male gender percentage in patients and AHC groups was 54%, while the female counterpart was 46%. The positive PCR result for HADV7 was 28%, whereas the positive result for Cryptosporidium was 6%. In the studied groups, the GG genotype increased at a rate OR=2.67 as compared to the AG and AA genotypes. HADV7 and Cryptosporidium showed a strong correlation with the SNP IFNG rs1861494 results in gastroenteritis (r=0.968, p=0.007 and r=0.984, p=0.008). Conclusions: The identified enteric co-infection of Cryptosporidium and HADV-7, as well as the IFNG rs1861494 polymorphism, may shed light on possible pathogenic roles in gastroenteritis.","PeriodicalId":105471,"journal":{"name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141367636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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