Comput.最新文献

{"title":"The Generation of Articulatory Animations Based on Keypoint Detection and Motion Transfer Combined with Image Style Transfer","authors":"Xufeng Ling, Yun Zhu, W. Liu, Jingxin Liang, Jie Yang","doi":"10.3390/computers12080150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12080150","url":null,"abstract":"Knowing the correct positioning of the tongue and mouth for pronunciation is crucial for learning English pronunciation correctly. Articulatory animation is an effective way to address the above task and helpful to English learners. However, articulatory animations are all traditionally hand-drawn. Different situations require varying animation styles, so a comprehensive redraw of all the articulatory animations is necessary. To address this issue, we developed a method for the automatic generation of articulatory animations using a deep learning system. Our method leverages an automatic keypoint-based detection network, a motion transfer network, and a style transfer network to generate a series of articulatory animations that adhere to the desired style. By inputting a target-style articulation image, our system is capable of producing animations with the desired characteristics. We created a dataset of articulation images and animations from public sources, including the International Phonetic Association (IPA), to establish our articulation image animation dataset. We performed preprocessing on the articulation images by segmenting them into distinct areas each corresponding to a specific articulatory part, such as the tongue, upper jaw, lower jaw, soft palate, and vocal cords. We trained a deep neural network model capable of automatically detecting the keypoints in typical articulation images. Also, we trained a generative adversarial network (GAN) model that can generate end-to-end animation of different styles automatically from the characteristics of keypoints and the learned image style. To train a relatively robust model, we used four different style videos: one magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) articulatory video and three hand-drawn videos. For further applications, we combined the consonant and vowel animations together to generate a syllable animation and the animation of a word consisting of many syllables. Experiments show that this system can auto-generate articulatory animations according to input phonetic symbols and should be helpful to people for English articulation correction.","PeriodicalId":10526,"journal":{"name":"Comput.","volume":"10 1","pages":"150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83269289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of the Web Data Access Object (WebDAO) Design Pattern on Productivity","authors":"Zoltán Richárd Jánki, Vilmos Bilicki","doi":"10.3390/computers12080149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12080149","url":null,"abstract":"In contemporary software development, it is crucial to adhere to design patterns because well-organized and readily maintainable source code facilitates bug fixes and the development of new features. A carefully selected set of design patterns can have a significant impact on the productivity of software development. Data Access Object (DAO) is a frequently used design pattern that provides an abstraction layer between the application and the database and is present in the back-end. As serverless development arises, more and more applications are using the DAO design pattern, but it has been moved to the front-end. We refer to this pattern as WebDAO. It is evident that the DAO pattern improves development productivity, but it has never been demonstrated for WebDAO. Here, we evaluated the open source Angular projects to determine whether they use WebDAO. For automatic evaluation, we trained a Natural Language Processing (NLP) model that can recognize the WebDAO design pattern with 92% accuracy. On the basis of the results, we analyzed the entire history of the projects and presented how the WebDAO design pattern impacts productivity, taking into account the number of commits, changes, and issues.","PeriodicalId":10526,"journal":{"name":"Comput.","volume":"391 1","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80752779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Improved Machine Learning-Based Intrusion Detection for Internet of Things Traffic","authors":"Sarah Alkadi, Saad A. Al-Ahmadi, M. M. Ben Ismail","doi":"10.3390/computers12080148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12080148","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) networks has revealed multiple security issues. On the other hand, machine learning (ML) has proven its efficiency in building intrusion detection systems (IDSs) intended to reinforce the security of IoT networks. In fact, the successful design and implementation of such techniques require the use of effective methods in terms of data and model quality. This paper encloses an empirical impact analysis for the latter in the context of a multi-class classification scenario. A series of experiments were conducted using six ML models, along with four benchmarking datasets, including UNSW-NB15, BOT-IoT, ToN-IoT, and Edge-IIoT. The proposed framework investigates the marginal benefit of employing data pre-processing and model configurations considering IoT limitations. In fact, the empirical findings indicate that the accuracy of ML-based IDS detection rapidly increases when methods that use quality data and models are deployed. Specifically, data cleaning, transformation, normalization, and dimensionality reduction, along with model parameter tuning, exhibit significant potential to minimize computational complexity and yield better performance. In addition, MLP- and clustering-based algorithms outperformed the remaining models, and the obtained accuracy reached up to 99.97%. One should note that the performance of the challenger models was assessed using similar test sets, and this was compared to the results achieved using the relevant pieces of research.","PeriodicalId":10526,"journal":{"name":"Comput.","volume":"11 1","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77138889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feature Selection with Weighted Ensemble Ranking for Improved Classification Performance on the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 Dataset","authors":"László Göcs, Z. Johanyák","doi":"10.3390/computers12080147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12080147","url":null,"abstract":"Feature selection is a crucial step in machine learning, aiming to identify the most relevant features in high-dimensional data in order to reduce the computational complexity of model development and improve generalization performance. Ensemble feature-ranking methods combine the results of several feature-selection techniques to identify a subset of the most relevant features for a given task. In many cases, they produce a more comprehensive ranking of features than the individual methods used alone. This paper presents a novel approach to ensemble feature ranking, which uses a weighted average of the individual ranking scores calculated using these individual methods. The optimal weights are determined using a Taguchi-type design of experiments. The proposed methodology significantly improves classification performance on the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset, particularly for attack types where traditional average-based feature-ranking score combinations result in low classification metrics.","PeriodicalId":10526,"journal":{"name":"Comput.","volume":"29 1","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88075894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiobjective Optimization of Fuzzy System for Cardiovascular Risk Classification","authors":"Hanna C. Villamil, H. Espitia, L. A. Bejarano","doi":"10.3390/computation11070147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11070147","url":null,"abstract":"Since cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a critical global concern, identifying associated risk factors remains a pivotal research focus. This study aims to propose and optimize a fuzzy system for cardiovascular risk (CVR) classification using a multiobjective approach, addressing computational aspects such as the configuration of the fuzzy system, the optimization process, the selection of a suitable solution from the optimal Pareto front, and the interpretability of the fuzzy logic system after the optimization process. The proposed system utilizes data, including age, weight, height, gender, and systolic blood pressure to determine cardiovascular risk. The fuzzy model is based on preliminary information from the literature; therefore, to adjust the fuzzy logic system using a multiobjective approach, the body mass index (BMI) is considered as an additional output as data are available for this index, and body mass index is acknowledged as a proxy for cardiovascular risk given the propensity for these diseases attributed to surplus adipose tissue, which can elevate blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, leading to arterial and cardiac damage. By employing a multiobjective approach, the study aims to obtain a balance between the two outputs corresponding to cardiovascular risk classification and body mass index. For the multiobjective optimization, a set of experiments is proposed that render an optimal Pareto front, as a result, to later determine the appropriate solution. The results show an adequate optimization of the fuzzy logic system, allowing the interpretability of the fuzzy sets after carrying out the optimization process. In this way, this paper contributes to the advancement of the use of computational techniques in the medical domain.","PeriodicalId":10526,"journal":{"name":"Comput.","volume":"37 1","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80033085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Landscape of Data Analysis: A Review of Its Application and Impact in Ecuador","authors":"Manuel Ayala-Chauvin, Fátima Avilés-Castillo, J. Buele","doi":"10.3390/computers12070146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12070146","url":null,"abstract":"Data analysis is increasingly critical in aiding decision-making within public and private institutions. This paper scrutinizes the status quo of big data and data analysis and its applications within Ecuador, focusing on its societal, educational, and industrial impact. A detailed literature review was conducted from academic databases such as SpringerLink, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and ACM, incorporating research from inception until May 2023. The search process adhered to the PRISMA statement, employing specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis revealed that data implementation in Ecuador, while recent, has found noteworthy applications in six principal areas, classified using ISCED: education, science, engineering, health, social, and services. In the scientific and engineering sectors, big data has notably contributed to disaster mitigation and optimizing resource allocation in smart cities. Its application in the social sector has fortified cybersecurity and election data integrity, while in services, it has enhanced residential ICT adoption and urban planning. Health sector applications are emerging, particularly in disease prediction and patient monitoring. Educational applications predominantly involve student performance analysis and curricular evaluation. This review emphasizes that while big data’s potential is being gradually realized in Ecuador, further research, data security measures, and institutional interoperability are required to fully leverage its benefits.","PeriodicalId":10526,"journal":{"name":"Comput.","volume":"10 1","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91270597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kernel-Based Regularized EEGNet Using Centered Alignment and Gaussian Connectivity for Motor Imagery Discrimination","authors":"Mateo Tobón-Henao, A. Álvarez-Meza, G. Castellanos-Domínguez","doi":"10.3390/computers12070145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12070145","url":null,"abstract":"Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) from electroencephalography (EEG) provide a practical approach to support human–technology interaction. In particular, motor imagery (MI) is a widely used BCI paradigm that guides the mental trial of motor tasks without physical movement. Here, we present a deep learning methodology, named kernel-based regularized EEGNet (KREEGNet), leveled on centered kernel alignment and Gaussian functional connectivity, explicitly designed for EEG-based MI classification. The approach proactively tackles the challenge of intrasubject variability brought on by noisy EEG records and the lack of spatial interpretability within end-to-end frameworks applied for MI classification. KREEGNet is a refinement of the widely accepted EEGNet architecture, featuring an additional kernel-based layer for regularized Gaussian functional connectivity estimation based on CKA. The superiority of KREEGNet is evidenced by our experimental results from binary and multiclass MI classification databases, outperforming the baseline EEGNet and other state-of-the-art methods. Further exploration of our model’s interpretability is conducted at individual and group levels, utilizing classification performance measures and pruned functional connectivities. Our approach is a suitable alternative for interpretable end-to-end EEG-BCI based on deep learning.","PeriodicalId":10526,"journal":{"name":"Comput.","volume":"14 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78819805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Dynamics of Tuberculosis in Algeria Using a Compartmental VSEIT Model with Evaluation of the Vaccination and Treatment Effects","authors":"Bouchra Chennaf, Mohammed Salah Abdelouahab, R. Lozi","doi":"10.3390/computation11070146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11070146","url":null,"abstract":"Despite low tuberculosis (TB) mortality rates in China, Europe, and the United States, many countries are still struggling to control the epidemic, including India, South Africa, and Algeria. This study aims to contribute to the body of knowledge on this topic and provide a valuable tool and evidence-based guidance for the Algerian healthcare managers in understanding the spread of TB and implementing control strategies. For this purpose, a compartmental mathematical model is proposed to analyze TB dynamics in Algeria and investigate the vaccination and treatment effects on disease breaks. A qualitative study is conducted to discuss the stability property of both disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. In order to adopt the proposed model for the Algerian case, we estimate the model parameters using Algerian TB-reported data from 1990 to 2020. The obtained results using the proposed mathematical compartmental model show that the reproduction number (R0) of TB in Algeria is less than one, suggesting that the disease can be eradicated or effectively controlled through a combination of interventions, including vaccination, high-quality treatment, and isolation measures.","PeriodicalId":10526,"journal":{"name":"Comput.","volume":"11 5 1","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88066085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FGPE+: The Mobile FGPE Environment and the Pareto-Optimized Gamified Programming Exercise Selection Model - An Empirical Evaluation","authors":"R. Maskeliūnas, R. Damaševičius, T. Blažauskas, J. Swacha, R. Queirós, J. C. Paiva","doi":"10.3390/computers12070144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12070144","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is poised to inform educators, policy makers and software developers about the untapped potential of PWAs in creating engaging, effective, and personalized learning experiences in the field of programming education. We aim to address a significant gap in the current understanding of the potential advantages and underutilisation of Progressive Web Applications (PWAs) within the education sector, specifically for programming education. Despite the evident lack of recognition of PWAs in this arena, we present an innovative approach through the Framework for Gamification in Programming Education (FGPE). This framework takes advantage of the ubiquity and ease of use of PWAs, integrating it with a Pareto optimized gamified programming exercise selection model ensuring personalized adaptive learning experiences by dynamically adjusting the complexity, content, and feedback of gamified exercises in response to the learners’ ongoing progress and performance. This study examines the mobile user experience of the FGPE PLE in different countries, namely Poland and Lithuania, providing novel insights into its applicability and efficiency. Our results demonstrate that combining advanced adaptive algorithms with the convenience of mobile technology has the potential to revolutionize programming education. The FGPE+ course group outperformed the Moodle group in terms of the average perceived knowledge (M = 4.11, SD = 0.51).","PeriodicalId":10526,"journal":{"name":"Comput.","volume":"14 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81312283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Integration of D-STATCOMs and PV Sources in Distribution Networks to Reduce Annual Investment and Operating Costs","authors":"Adriana Rincón-Miranda, Giselle Viviana Gantiva-Mora, O. Montoya","doi":"10.3390/computation11070145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11070145","url":null,"abstract":"This research analyzes electrical distribution networks using renewable generation sources based on photovoltaic (PV) sources and distribution static compensators (D-STATCOMs) in order to minimize the expected annual grid operating costs for a planning period of 20 years. The separate and simultaneous placement of PVs and D-STATCOMs is evaluated through a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model (MINLP), whose binary part pertains to selecting the nodes where these devices must be located, and whose continuous part is associated with the power flow equations and device constraints. This optimization model is solved using the vortex search algorithm for the sake of comparison. Numerical results in the IEEE 33- and 69-bus grids demonstrate that combining PV sources and D-STATCOM devices entails the maximum reduction in the expected annual grid operating costs when compared to the solutions reached separately by each device, with expected reductions of about 35.50% and 35.53% in the final objective function value with respect to the benchmark case. All computational validations were carried out in the MATLAB programming environment (version 2021b) with our own scripts.","PeriodicalId":10526,"journal":{"name":"Comput.","volume":"37 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79039196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}