Coloration TechnologyPub Date : 2026-03-03Epub Date: 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1111/cote.12830
Mingzhi Zhang, Jie Zhang, Zixun Zhu, Junliang Wang
{"title":"An edge-aware-based feature refinement algorithm for silk surface defect detection","authors":"Mingzhi Zhang, Jie Zhang, Zixun Zhu, Junliang Wang","doi":"10.1111/cote.12830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12830","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fabric defect detection is essential for ensuring the quality of textiles, particularly when addressing lustre issues in silk materials and tiny, inconspicuous flaws. This paper introduces a saliency detection framework for silk surface defects, named EFRNet, which aims to overcome the limitations of existing technologies in handling such fabric imperfections. Firstly, a multilayered spatial domain edge perception method was designed. This method enhances the perception of defect edge details through edge-aware units and integrates these detailed features with high-level semantic information using cross-layer connection strategies, thereby achieving precise detection of defect edges. Secondly, a context-aware multilayer feature fusion technique is proposed, which includes attention-induced feature aggregation units and global context differential units, aimed at optimising feature selection, reducing background interference and emphasising the salient features of fabric defects through differential analysis. Experiments have demonstrated that EFRNet excels in improving the accuracy of small defect detection and local detail recognition. Compared with existing methods, it significantly enhances the quality of saliency maps, proving its effectiveness in enhancing the adaptability and precision of fabric defect detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"142 2","pages":"245-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147649418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coloration TechnologyPub Date : 2026-03-03Epub Date: 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1111/cote.12825
Stephen M. Burkinshaw
{"title":"The plasticisation model of dye diffusion: Part 5","authors":"Stephen M. Burkinshaw","doi":"10.1111/cote.12825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12825","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The findings presented in the previous part of the paper (Part 4) of the re-evaluation of previously published data reported for the temperature-dependent diffusion of an organic acid within nylon 6 film, desorption of three acid dyes from dyed nylon 66 fabric, diffusion of an acid dye within nylon 6 monofilaments and adsorption of a sulphur dye onto nylon 66 fabric, were analysed. The differentiation of the temperature-dependent dyeing/desorption behaviour of each of the six anionic compounds into two distinct, but interconnected, thermal regions, which corresponded to diffusion/desorption/adsorption undergoing a marked change at either 50, 60, or 70°C, was attributed to the broad, overlapping glass transition of the mobile amorphous and rigid amorphous phase components. As the experimentally observed diffusion/desorption/adsorption of each of the six types of anionic species adhered to a Williams–Landel–Ferry relationship, their thermally activated dyeing/desorption behaviour is governed by the thermally regulated relaxation times of the structural rearrangements occurring within the water-plasticised polyamide material. The plasticisation model of dye diffusion seems to offer a reasonable explanation of the observed temperature dependency of the diffusivity of the organic acid, each of the four acid dyes and sulphur dye within the different types of aliphatic polyamide substrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"142 2","pages":"296-326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cote.12825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coloration TechnologyPub Date : 2026-03-03Epub Date: 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1111/cote.12829
Harshal Patil, Devansh Chaudhari, Ashok Athalye
{"title":"Sustainable discharge printing of marigold-dyed cotton with eucalyptus wood ash extract and its optimisation by response surface methodology","authors":"Harshal Patil, Devansh Chaudhari, Ashok Athalye","doi":"10.1111/cote.12829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12829","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the use of wood ash extract as an alkali in the discharge printing of natural marigold-dyed cotton fabric. Wood ash was extracted in an aqueous medium at 90°C and was used to prepare printing pastes at concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30% (w/v). Marigold dye was extracted from flowers, and cotton fabric was dyed with the extract. Discharge printing was optimised using response surface methodology (RSM), considering variables such as wood ash extract concentration, temperature and steaming time. The effects on discharging efficiency were analysed, and the process was statistically optimised. Elemental analysis of the wood ash extract revealed high concentrations of potassium, contributing to its strong alkaline nature (pH 10.2-11.4). RSM optimisation showed that the highest discharging efficiency was achieved with 20% wood ash extract at 100°C for 5 minutes. The discharging efficiency model was significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and validation experiments confirmed the model's accuracy. The predicted and experimental discharging efficiencies were closely aligned, demonstrating the effectiveness of the wood ash extract in discharge printing. The study presents a sustainable method for discharge printing using wood ash extract as an alkali on marigold-dyed cotton fabric. The optimised process achieves high discharging efficiency while reducing the environmental impact. This method highlights the potential of wood ash as a valuable resource in eco-friendly textile processing, promoting greener practices in the industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"142 2","pages":"236-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147649419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coloration TechnologyPub Date : 2026-03-03Epub Date: 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1111/cote.12821
Peter J. Broadbent, Chris M. Carr, David M. Lewis, Muriel L. Rigout, Ernst J. Siewers, Maryam Shojai Kaveh, Pankaj Desai
{"title":"Investigation into the aqueous and supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing of polyester and cellulose acetate: The influence of temperature and carriers on fabric coloration and dye levelling","authors":"Peter J. Broadbent, Chris M. Carr, David M. Lewis, Muriel L. Rigout, Ernst J. Siewers, Maryam Shojai Kaveh, Pankaj Desai","doi":"10.1111/cote.12821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12821","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigated the effect of temperature and time on the dyeing of polyester and cellulose diacetate and demonstrated the benefits of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO<sub>2</sub>) dyeing. It was evident that the SC-CO<sub>2</sub> medium enabled effective coloration of polyester at lower temperatures, ca. 100°C, and lower dyeing times in comparison with aqueous dyeing, and also reduced the necessity for water. By contrast, the comparable aqueous disperse dyeing of polyester needed to be at 120°C to achieve full coloration. Energy costs are important in textile dyeing and lowering the dyeing temperature is one approach to minimising energy consumption. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the beneficial effect of a range of dyebath carriers/accelerants in lowering the SC-CO<sub>2</sub> dyeing time and temperature for polyester, while still achieving effective coloration. The beneficial effect of salicylic acid carrier was similarly observed in the SC-CO<sub>2</sub> dyeing of cellulose acetate, where the dyeing temperature could be reduced from 85 to 60°C and dyeing time similarly reduced. The recycling of textiles is an ongoing challenge for the textile industry. In this study, we have further explored the use of the SC-CO<sub>2</sub> fluid as a medium for reprocessing of discarded dyed polyester and the potential reuse of the “locked-in” colourant. It was evident that the p-Vanillin accelerated the SC-CO<sub>2</sub> colour mixing of the blue and yellow dyed polyester fabrics and could assist in producing new colours in “first life and second life” polyester at lower processing temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"142 2","pages":"196-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cote.12821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coloration TechnologyPub Date : 2026-03-03Epub Date: 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1111/cote.12828
Qinghui Zhang, Zhiyu Chen, Baolin Tian, Yang Guan, Qiang Liu
{"title":"The impact of clothing colour on skin tone perception and consumer preference","authors":"Qinghui Zhang, Zhiyu Chen, Baolin Tian, Yang Guan, Qiang Liu","doi":"10.1111/cote.12828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12828","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fair skin tones have been highly valued in Asia for centuries. Common methods such as applying skin fairness products and altering clothing ensembles to change skin tone perception are universal. However, there has been limited research on the effect of clothing colour on skin tone perception. In the current study, a real observation scenario was constructed and 22 plain-coloured sweatshirts in various hues, saturation and lightness were used to investigate the impact of clothing colour on facial skin fairness perception. In addition, clothing colour preference for young Chinese consumers was also explored. According to our results, clothing with lower lightness enhanced the appearance of fairer skin tones. Furthermore, participants showed a greater preference for clothing with low colourfulness and a blue tint. The results also indicated gender similarity in facial fairness perception but differences in clothing colour preference. Our experimental data were utilised to develop two models for predicting facial fairness perception and clothing colour preference. The prediction models may serve as an auxiliary tool for apparel designers and manufacturers, facilitating the provision of colour selection references tailored to consumers' skin tone characteristics and colour preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"142 2","pages":"259-271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147649429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coloration TechnologyPub Date : 2026-03-03Epub Date: 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1111/cote.70030
Xiaomeng Su, Guiping Liu, Meizhu Zheng, Xue Li, Kai Song, Dongfang Shi
{"title":"Integrating the dual functionality of plant tannins for natural hair dyeing: A critical review on mechanisms, sustainability and formulation innovation","authors":"Xiaomeng Su, Guiping Liu, Meizhu Zheng, Xue Li, Kai Song, Dongfang Shi","doi":"10.1111/cote.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Health and environmental concerns associated with conventional synthetic hair dyes have spurred demand for natural, safe and sustainable alternatives, among which plant tannins (PTs) exhibit significant potential. As widely distributed polyphenolic compounds, PTs possess the unique capacity to perform dual roles in natural hair-dyeing systems: acting as direct dyes to impart colour and serving as mordants to enhance dye fixation and colour fastness. However, a systematic understanding of this integrated dual functionality and its potential synergistic effects remains limited. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap through a critical and systematic assessment of the dual roles of PTs in natural hair dyeing. We delve into the molecular mechanisms governing PT–keratin interactions and their impact on direct dyeing performance. Furthermore, we systematically elucidate the coordination chemistry, bridging models and efficacy of PTs as mordants, including their inherent mordanting capabilities and synergistic effects with metal ions. This review also examines the sustainability of PT sources, the potential for utilising agro-forestry waste and green extraction strategies. Additionally, we evaluate formulation innovations designed to enhance application performance, such as synergistic co-formulation with other natural ingredients and the application of novel delivery systems. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future research directions, including the use of biotechnology and chemical modification to optimise PT properties. By integrating these key aspects, this review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the complex behaviour of PTs in hair dyeing, offering theoretical foundations and guiding principles for the development of next-generation efficient, safe and sustainable natural hair-dyeing technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"142 2","pages":"177-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid and high exhausted coloration technology: Dyeing of bovine hides under vacuum","authors":"Yalcin Yilmaz, Ersin Onem, Ali Yorgancioglu, Alperen Isbecer, Behzat Oral Bitlisli","doi":"10.1111/cote.12823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12823","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the current study, the aim was to improve the dyeing properties of wet-blue and crust leathers under vacuum conditions, increasing the dyestuff exhaustion, and thus obtaining environmental and economic gains. In this context, dyeing was performed using conventional dyestuff and water ratios in a vacuum environment with 20 kPa pressure, and the leathers produced as the control group in non-vacuum conditions were compared in terms of dye exhaustion and colour measurements. Dye concentrations in wastewaters were measured spectrophotometrically and dye exhaustions were calculated. <i>L</i>*, <i>a</i>* and <i>b</i>* values, colour difference (Δ<i>E</i>) and colour intensity (<i>K</i>/<i>S</i>) in dyed leathers were determined. According to the results, it was determined that the dyestuff exhaustion increased with the vacuum application, and accordingly, the colour properties of the leather improved. The highest exhaustions were obtained from the water-free application and 25% dye-reduction and water-free trials used in the dyeing process, with a final uptake of 93.7%. As a result, by performing the dyeing process under vacuum conditions, the colour properties of the finished leathers could be improved, the amount of dyestuff in the wastewater could be reduced, and the water usage rates could be reduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"142 2","pages":"208-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cote.12823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An eco-friendly method to prepare pH sensor fabrics for real-time pH monitoring based on a non-aqueous medium system","authors":"Bingyu Dai, Hongjuan Zhang, Yanliang Zhang, Qun Yang, Shuaitong Liang, Jiping Wang","doi":"10.1111/cote.12835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12835","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, a non-aqueous medium (D5, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane) dyeing strategy is presented for the preparation of pH-responsive cotton textiles. The effect of dyeing conditions on the dyeing properties was systematically analysed. At the same time, the colour fastness was evaluated and compared with that of a traditional water bath. Furthermore, the colour change properties and sensitivity of dyed fabrics at different pH values were investigated. Additionally, the potential application for real-time monitoring of environmental acidity and alkalinity was evaluated. The results showed that curcumin exhibited a higher <i>K/S</i> value on cotton fabrics in the D5 dyeing system than for the traditional water bath. Also, good dyeing build-up properties and colour fastness could be obtained at a pH of 8.0 and dyeing temperature of 70°C after 60 minutes. It was worth noting that the dyed fabrics exhibited an obvious colour change from yellow (450 nm) to red (520 nm) when the pH of the environment changed from 5.0 to 11.0. Meanwhile, excellent reversibility was obtained. As a result, when applied to different types of air atmosphere (hydrogen chloride or ammonia), an evident colour change from yellow to red was observed. Therefore, compared with traditional preparation methods, the technology can realise green preparation of colour-changing textiles. It also achieves the dual purpose of energy and emission reductions. This study suggests that the prepared pH sensor fabrics can be used as part of a smart colour change system for real-time pH monitoring of the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"142 2","pages":"272-282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coloration TechnologyPub Date : 2026-03-03Epub Date: 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1111/cote.12826
Felipe Leria Stefenon, Silvia Jaerger, Ricardo Schneider, Fauze Jacó Anaissi, Pedro Pablo González-Borrero
{"title":"Synthesis and characterisation of iron oxides: Effect of calcination temperature and their application as inorganic pigment","authors":"Felipe Leria Stefenon, Silvia Jaerger, Ricardo Schneider, Fauze Jacó Anaissi, Pedro Pablo González-Borrero","doi":"10.1111/cote.12826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12826","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research aimed to investigate the effect of calcination temperature on the phase, morphological and optical properties of iron oxides: hematite (α-Fe₂O₃), magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and goethite (α-FeOOH), synthesised by co-precipitation, aiming at their applications as pigments. The sample was characterised by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and static light scattering (SLS) for structural analyses; colorimetry and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy to analyse optical properties. The TG and XRD analysis show that above 600°C, magnetite and goethite samples were transformed into hematite, showing excellent thermal stability. The magnetite showed smaller and more homogeneous particle sizes, as observed in SLS and SEM analysis. Colorimetric analyses revealed evident changes in colour and brightness, especially for goethite, which exhibited the highest total colour variation (60.1) at 800°C compared with the samples not calcinated. Furthermore, the tests highlighted that materials obtained through goethite synthesis are more promising as industrial pigments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"142 2","pages":"222-235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cote.12826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coloration TechnologyPub Date : 2026-03-03Epub Date: 2025-06-15DOI: 10.1111/cote.12832
Edgar Chavarriaga, Alex A. Lopera, Tiago Bender Wermuth, Sabrina Arcaro, Claudia García, Javier Alarcón, Carlos Pérez Bergmann
{"title":"Influence of manganese on the colorimetric and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite inorganic pigments synthesised by solution combustion and their applications as paints on cement, plaster and wood","authors":"Edgar Chavarriaga, Alex A. Lopera, Tiago Bender Wermuth, Sabrina Arcaro, Claudia García, Javier Alarcón, Carlos Pérez Bergmann","doi":"10.1111/cote.12832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12832","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the effect of substituting cobalt with manganese on the magnetic and optical properties of cobalt ferrite inorganic pigments synthesised by solution combustion. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the formation of a substitutional solid solution with manganese replacing cobalt, associated with a shift in diffraction peaks to lower angles due to the larger ionic radius of manganese. As the manganese concentration increases (<i>x</i> = 0 to <i>x</i> = 0.6), lattice parameters and unit cell volumes increase, except at <i>x</i> = 0.5, which could be attributed to changes in cation distribution and lattice micro-strain. Raman spectroscopy shows shifts in the vibrational modes of metal–oxygen bonds, influenced by differences in atomic masses and bond strength constants between manganese and cobalt. Magnetic measurements indicate a decrease in coercive field, saturation magnetisation and remanence with increasing manganese content, due to weaker super-exchange interactions. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy reveals low reflectance in the visible range due to electronic transitions in the metal ions. The substitution of manganese increases the band gap from 2.1 to 2.6 eV between <i>x</i> = 0.0 and <i>x</i> = 0.5, then decreases to 2.4 eV at <i>x</i> = 0.6. Colorimetric analysis shows significant variations in CIELab colorimetric coordinates, with lightness, chroma and hue changing with manganese content. Paints derived from these pigments, applied to cement, plaster and wood substrates, exhibit varied optical properties, demonstrating the influence of manganese on the optical characteristics of the pigments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"142 2","pages":"283-295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}