{"title":"Effects of copper-doping on electrochromic properties of titanium dioxide films","authors":"Shengya Chen, Chu Xu, Liufen Xia, Yue Wu, Guodong Jiang, Dong Xiao, Yogendra Kumar Mishra, Jian Xiong","doi":"10.1111/cote.12817","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Doping with metal elements is a valid way to alter the electrochromic performance of single materials. The doped metal ions can modify the electronic structure of the pristine materials, this results in a change in the transfer and migration of electrons or ions in electrochromic reactions. In this work, a series of copper (Cu)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) films (0.5%, 1% and 5 wt%) were fabricated by a hydrothermal method and a subsequently spin-coated approach. The effects of doped Cu on the morphological structure, crystallinity, elemental chemical state and electrochromic properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> films were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. The doping of Cu into TiO<sub>2</sub> exerts a substantial influence on its crystal structure, with a marked deterioration in crystallinity observed as the doping concentration increases. The results show that the ionic diffusion coefficient of the 0.5% Cu-TiO<sub>2</sub> film is 7.74 × 10<sup>−10</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s, the light modulation range is as high as 50.3%, the bleaching and colouring switching times are 1.95 and 16.43 s, respectively, and the light transmittance retention rate can be maintained after 200 cycles. Overall exhibits preferred electrochromic and electrochemical properties. This study indicates that Cu doping with moderate concentration is a feasible way to heighten the electrochromic property of TiO<sub>2</sub>.</p>","PeriodicalId":10502,"journal":{"name":"Coloration Technology","volume":"141 5","pages":"740-752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Coloration Technology","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cote.12817","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Doping with metal elements is a valid way to alter the electrochromic performance of single materials. The doped metal ions can modify the electronic structure of the pristine materials, this results in a change in the transfer and migration of electrons or ions in electrochromic reactions. In this work, a series of copper (Cu)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) films (0.5%, 1% and 5 wt%) were fabricated by a hydrothermal method and a subsequently spin-coated approach. The effects of doped Cu on the morphological structure, crystallinity, elemental chemical state and electrochromic properties of TiO2 films were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. The doping of Cu into TiO2 exerts a substantial influence on its crystal structure, with a marked deterioration in crystallinity observed as the doping concentration increases. The results show that the ionic diffusion coefficient of the 0.5% Cu-TiO2 film is 7.74 × 10−10 cm2/s, the light modulation range is as high as 50.3%, the bleaching and colouring switching times are 1.95 and 16.43 s, respectively, and the light transmittance retention rate can be maintained after 200 cycles. Overall exhibits preferred electrochromic and electrochemical properties. This study indicates that Cu doping with moderate concentration is a feasible way to heighten the electrochromic property of TiO2.
期刊介绍:
The primary mission of Coloration Technology is to promote innovation and fundamental understanding in the science and technology of coloured materials by providing a medium for communication of peer-reviewed research papers of the highest quality. It is internationally recognised as a vehicle for the publication of theoretical and technological papers on the subjects allied to all aspects of coloration. Regular sections in the journal include reviews, original research and reports, feature articles, short communications and book reviews.