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Cognitive Social Science eJournal最新文献

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The Nonemptiness of the Inner Core 核心的非空性
Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2019-08-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1954304
Tomoki Inoue
{"title":"The Nonemptiness of the Inner Core","authors":"Tomoki Inoue","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1954304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1954304","url":null,"abstract":"We prove that if a non-transferable utility (NTU) game is cardinally balanced and if, at every individually rational and efficient payoff vector, every non-zero normal vector to the set of payoff vectors feasible for the grand coalition is strictly positive, then the inner core is nonempty. The condition on normal vectors is satisfied if the set of payoff vectors feasible for the grand coalition is non-leveled. An NTU game generated by an exchange economy where every consumer has a continuous, concave, and strongly monotone utility function satisfies our sufficient condition. Our proof relies on Qin’s theorem on the nonemptiness of the inner core.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80171856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulating Best-Case Scenarios 规范最佳情况
Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2019-08-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3157287
A. Rowell
{"title":"Regulating Best-Case Scenarios","authors":"A. Rowell","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3157287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3157287","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental law and policy increasingly focuses on the extreme downsides of human policies affecting environmental quality: on ecological collapse, natural hazards, disasters, and catastrophes. A robust interdisciplinary literature has developed to guide policymakers in managing such extreme-downside phenomena. Strikingly, however, there is no opposite literature for regulating and managing phenomena that expose society to the possibility of extreme-upside events, such as might result from geoengineering, successfully colonizing other planets, or implementing other socially- or environmentally-transformational new technologies. A careful comparison of the policy implications of extreme-upside outcomes with extreme-downside outcomes suggests at least a partial explanation for the asymmetric attention to extreme-downside events: psychological phenomena like loss aversion lead to greater attention to, and care for, what are perceived as potential extreme losses than for concomitant extreme gains. Unfortunately, while understandable, this asymmetric focus on perceived losses may also generate unnecessary and even counterproductive despair, while simultaneously obscuring extraordinary opportunities for improving social welfare and environmental quality, and for using law and policy to achieve wonderful outcomes.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83668378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
BANOVA: Bayesian Analysis of Experiments in Consumer Psychology BANOVA:消费者心理学实验的贝叶斯分析
Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2019-05-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3388203
M. Wedel, Chen Dong
{"title":"BANOVA: Bayesian Analysis of Experiments in Consumer Psychology","authors":"M. Wedel, Chen Dong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3388203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3388203","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces Bayesian extension of ANOVA for the analysis of experimental data in consumer psychology. The approach, called BANOVA, addresses some common challenges that consumer psychologists encounter in their experimental work, and is specifically suited for the analysis of repeated measures designs. There appears to be a recent surge in interest in those designs based on the recognition that they are sensitive to individual differences in the response to experimental treatments and that they offer advantages for assessing causal mediating mechanisms, even at the individual level. BANOVA enables the analysis of repeated measures data derived from mixed within-between-subjects experiments with Normal and non-Normal dependent variables and accommodates unobserved individual differences. It allows for the calculation of effect sizes, planned comparisons, simple effects, spotlight and floodlight analyses, and includes a wide range of mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation analyses. An R software package implements these analyses, and aims to provide a one-stop-shop for the analysis of experiments in consumer psychology. The package is illustrated through applications to a number of data sets from previously published studies.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83685131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Exact MCMC for Choices from Menus -- Measuring Substitution and Complementarity among Menu Items 菜单选择的精确MCMC——衡量菜单项之间的替代和互补性
Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2957105
Tetyana Kosyakova, Thomas Otter, S. Misra, C. Neuerburg
{"title":"Exact MCMC for Choices from Menus -- Measuring Substitution and Complementarity among Menu Items","authors":"Tetyana Kosyakova, Thomas Otter, S. Misra, C. Neuerburg","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2957105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2957105","url":null,"abstract":"Choice environments in practice are often more complicated than the well-studied case of choice between perfect substitutes. Consumers choosing from menus or configuring products face choice sets that consist of substitutes, complements, and independent items, and the utility-maximizing choice corresponds to a particular item combination out of a potentially huge number of possible combinations. This reality is mirrored in menu-based choice experiments. The inferential challenge posed by data from such choices is in the calibration of utility functions that accommodate a mix of substitutes, complements, and independent items. We develop a model that not only accounts for heterogeneity in preferences, but also in what consumers perceive to be substitutes and complements and show how to perform Bayesian inference for this model based on the exact likelihood, despite its practically intractable normalizing constant. We characterize the model from first principles and show how it structurally improves on the multivariate probit model and on models that include cross-price effects in the utility function. We find empirical support for our model in a menu-based discrete choice experiment investigating demand for game consoles and accessories. Finally, we illustrate substantial implications from modeling substitution and complementarity for optimal pricing.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79973577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Creating Guilt in Business 在商业中制造负罪感
Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2019-04-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3388040
Camil Tănăsescu
{"title":"Creating Guilt in Business","authors":"Camil Tănăsescu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3388040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3388040","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the behavior of people involved in business relations, which seeks to meet individual needs as well as those of organizations. The need manifested through actions or inactions at individual or organizational level leads to enforcement of a guilty, capable of being sanctioned. If the guilt of the physical person is represented or guided by internal stimuli, so also the guilt of the organization or enterprise is represented by the satisfaction of the needs, of its needs, carried out legally or apparently legal by its organs. Unlike the typical entrepreneur's typology, the entrepreneur who adopts illicit business behavior plans, focuses, sets goals, allocates resources, creates products or services tailored to obtain the illicit outcome, observes as a rule the plan for increasing the number of victims, identifies new channels to attract potential victims, creates an apparent brand to capture and determine the victim to accept the illicit offer as an auction.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89016458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Theory of Media Consumption and Demand, with Implications for Media Industry Structure and Firm Strategy 媒介消费与需求理论及其对媒介产业结构和企业战略的启示
Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2019-04-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3097558
Brianna McFadden
{"title":"A Theory of Media Consumption and Demand, with Implications for Media Industry Structure and Firm Strategy","authors":"Brianna McFadden","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3097558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3097558","url":null,"abstract":"An economic theory of media consumption, logically consistent with studies from cognitive science and other observations, is developed based on two considerations impacting time allocation. First, media consumers rank media sources by the anticipated rate of utility gain. Second, a limited set of activities, including media consumption, can occur simultaneously to structured activities without distorting the utility from the structured activities. Optimal choice bounds individual consumption and leads to a formulation of demand for media used in the analysis of firm strategy and market structure. The results provide new insights into optimal advertising strategies, subscription pricing, competitive equilibrium characteristics, and observations from media related empirical studies.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80066251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Earn More Tomorrow: Overconfident Income Expectations and Consumer Indebtedness 明天赚更多:过度自信的收入预期和消费者负债
Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2019-04-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3372805
Antonia Grohmann, Lukas Menkhoff, Christoph Merkle, Renke Schmacker
{"title":"Earn More Tomorrow: Overconfident Income Expectations and Consumer Indebtedness","authors":"Antonia Grohmann, Lukas Menkhoff, Christoph Merkle, Renke Schmacker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3372805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3372805","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines whether biased income expectations due to overconfidence lead to higher levels of debt-taking. In a lab experiment, participants can purchase goods by borrowing against their future income. We exogenously manipulate income expectations by letting income depend on relative performance in hard and easy quiz tasks. We successfully generate biased income expectations and show that participants with higher income expectations initially borrow more. Overconfident participants scale back their consumption after feedback. However, at the end of the experiment they remain with higher debt levels, which represent real financial losses. To assess the external validity, we nd further evidence for the link between overcondence and borrowing behavior in a representative survey (GSOEP-IS).","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86824541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Smooth Aggregation of Bayesian Agents 贝叶斯代理的平滑聚合
Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2019-04-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3282391
Lorenzo Maria Stanca
{"title":"Smooth Aggregation of Bayesian Agents","authors":"Lorenzo Maria Stanca","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3282391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3282391","url":null,"abstract":"I study the ex-ante aggregation of preferences of Bayesian agents in a purely subjective framework. Unlike Gilboa et al. (2004), I relax the assumption of Bayesian society while keeping the Pareto condition. Under a simple axiom that relates society’s preference to those of the agents, I obtain an additive separable representation of society’s preference. A strengthening of this axiom leads to a representation that resembles the Smooth Ambiguity Criterion of Klibanoff et al. (2005). I then study the properties of this representation, characterizing when society can be deemed to be ambiguity averse. I then briefly consider applications of this framework to study the Precautionary Principle and treatment choice under ambiguity.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84091672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Harm Reduction in Domestic Violence: Does Marijuana Make Assaults Safer? 减少家庭暴力的危害:大麻使袭击更安全吗?
Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2019-04-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3369231
Jacob Kaplan, Li Sian Goh
{"title":"Harm Reduction in Domestic Violence: Does Marijuana Make Assaults Safer?","authors":"Jacob Kaplan, Li Sian Goh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3369231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3369231","url":null,"abstract":"While all forms of domestic violence can be uniquely traumatizing, incidents resulting in serious injury can lead to lasting physical, mental, and financial consequences for the victim. Hence, it is surprising that most literature on the effects of policy intervention on domestic violence treats such incidents as homogeneous rather than considering differing levels of victim injury. This study provides evidence that decriminalization of marijuana leads to substantial declines in victim injury. Among domestic violence assaults where the victim suffered a serious injury, there was a significant decline in incidents where the offender was under the influence of alcohol or used a weapon.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81577944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Socioeconomic Burden of Mental Disorders in Spain 2006-2017 2006-2017年西班牙精神障碍的社会经济负担
Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3369466
A. Stoyanova, J. Pinilla
{"title":"Socioeconomic Burden of Mental Disorders in Spain 2006-2017","authors":"A. Stoyanova, J. Pinilla","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3369466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3369466","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health is not only the lack of mental disorders but is considered a crucial resource for overall health and well-being (including employment and productivity). The current paper tries to shed some light on the evolution of mental well-being over a period of 15 years, including the years before, during and after the most recent economic downturn. We use data coming from the Spanish National Health Surveys of 2006/2007, 2011/2012 and 2016/2017. Mental health is proxied by two measures, doctor-diagnosed mental disorder and psychological distress (based on GHQ-12). To account for the causal relationship between the two mental health indicators, we estimate a bivariate probit model. We observe different patterns of the two mental health indicators over time. Psychological distress increased during recession years, due to major risk factors as unemployment and loss of socioeconomic status. Even though the need for mental healthcare increased during the recession, the fact that fewer people were diagnosed suggests that barriers to access to mental healthcare may be aggravated during the crisis.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78883081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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