{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvnwbx3b.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvnwbx3b.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":104711,"journal":{"name":"People and the Land through Time","volume":"2 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132339863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harvesting Natural Resources","authors":"Emily W. B. Southgate","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvnwbx3b.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvnwbx3b.13","url":null,"abstract":"People have always had to rely on hunting and gathering for food, fuel and shelter. The first evidence for possible major impact of these activities is the early Holocene extinction of most megafauna on all continents except Africa. Multidisciplinary historical research indicates that both climate and human impact interacted to cause these extinctions. This chapter also discusses historical records which have elucidated some of the long-term impacts of harvesting fish and other creatures of seas and estuaries on aspects such as population numbers, age structure, and species diversity of these organisms. On land, hunting has continued to affect many species. Agriculture, rather than decreasing the use of natural resources, has altered land use and increased demand so that the impact on natural resources has increased worldwide. Industrialization further accelerated this trend. Even those sites removed from active use by inclusion in preserves continue to change, in part because of a complex history of use before they were preserved. Understanding this history can help set appropriate goals for preservation as well as indications of management that may assist in evaluating changes.","PeriodicalId":104711,"journal":{"name":"People and the Land through Time","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125707544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I. Questions and Clues","authors":"","doi":"10.12987/9780300249590-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300249590-004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":104711,"journal":{"name":"People and the Land through Time","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124152718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Field Studies: Bringing Historical Records Down to Earth","authors":"Emily W. B. Southgate","doi":"10.12987/yale/9780300225808.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300225808.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"There are many field techniques that take research beyond what can be found in written documents. Clues to the past are hidden in such subtle (and not so subtle) features as topographic modifications, soils, and tree trunks. Field studies search for evidence of conditions and for their resultant effects through a variety of techniques. Features may be evident from a ground survey, located precisely through GPS. Remote imaging, using a variety of techniques from simple aerial photography to lidar, reveal hidden patterns, that may then be studied on the ground. Archeological study relates the patterns found on the ground to human activities, as they have changed over time. Dendroecology interprets records left in tree rings. Some studies look at stands of different ages to study change over time, and long-term studies trace change in individual stands. In these field studies that look at the past, soil characteristics and materials hidden in the soil, such as DNA, stable isotopes and charcoal, can reveal details of past processes and species. These methods are illustrated with examples from a wide range of biomes.","PeriodicalId":104711,"journal":{"name":"People and the Land through Time","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121769628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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