CNS & neurological disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Meet the Editorial Board Member","authors":"P. V. Choudary","doi":"10.2174/187152732203230116105526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/187152732203230116105526","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":10456,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85630098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Potential Targets and Tools.","authors":"Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi,&nbsp;Jamshid Ayatollahi,&nbsp;Marzieh Lotfi,&nbsp;Alaa A A Aljabali,&nbsp;Mazhar S Al-Zoubi,&nbsp;Pritam Kumar Panda,&nbsp;Vijay Mishra,&nbsp;Saurabh Satija,&nbsp;Nitin B Charbe,&nbsp;Ángel Serrano-Aroca,&nbsp;Bojlul Bahar,&nbsp;Kazuo Takayama,&nbsp;Rohit Goyal,&nbsp;Amit Bhatia,&nbsp;Abdulmajeed G Almutary,&nbsp;Abdullah M Alnuqaydan,&nbsp;Yachana Mishra,&nbsp;Poonam Negi,&nbsp;Aaron Courtney,&nbsp;Paul A McCarron,&nbsp;Hamid A Bakshi,&nbsp;Murtaza M Tambuwala","doi":"10.2174/1871527321666220304153719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527321666220304153719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropsychiatric disorders that affect the central nervous system cause considerable pressures on the health care system and have a substantial economic burden on modern societies. The present treatments based on available drugs are mostly ineffective and often costly. The molecular process of neuropsychiatric disorders is closely connected to modifying the genetic structures inherited or caused by damage, toxic chemicals, and some current diseases. Gene therapy is presently an experimental concept for neurological disorders. Clinical applications endeavor to alleviate the symptoms, reduce disease progression, and repair defective genes. Implementing gene therapy in inherited and acquired neurological illnesses entails the integration of several scientific disciplines, including virology, neurology, neurosurgery, molecular genetics, and immunology. Genetic manipulation has the power to minimize or cure illness by inducing genetic alterations at endogenous loci. Gene therapy that involves treating the disease by deleting, silencing, or editing defective genes and delivering genetic material to produce therapeutic molecules has excellent potential as a novel approach for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. With the recent advances in gene selection and vector design quality in targeted treatments, gene therapy could be an effective approach. This review article will investigate and report the newest and the most critical molecules and factors in neuropsychiatric disorder gene therapy. Different genome editing techniques available will be evaluated, and the review will highlight preclinical research of genome editing for neuropsychiatric disorders while also evaluating current limitations and potential strategies to overcome genome editing advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":10456,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":"22 1","pages":"51-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9157121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Safety and Effectiveness between Levetiracetam and Phenytoin in the Treatment of Pediatric Status Epilepticus: A Meta- Analysis.","authors":"Qasem A AlMulihi,&nbsp;Fatimah A AlMuhanna,&nbsp;Mohammed A AlMuhanna,&nbsp;Eman A AlSultan","doi":"10.2174/1568007X04666220509215121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568007X04666220509215121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of levetiracetam and phenytoin by evaluating the events of seizure termination and recurrence in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the internet databases PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar to conduct a literature search for the appropriate studies. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratio using fixed and random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 15 studies that were eligible for the meta-analysis. The incidence of seizure termination within 24 h was 76.9% for levetiracetam and 70.5% for phenytoin. Levetiracetam had a higher number of seizure termination events than phenytoin (P = 0.005, I² = 66%). The incidence of seizure recurrence within 24 h was 10% for levetiracetam and 15.6% for phenytoin. Phenytoin had a significantly higher number of seizure recurrence events than levetiracetam (P = 0.00007, I² = 21%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The efficacy and safety of levetiracetam are superior to that of phenytoin in children with status epilepticus. Large Randomized Controlled Trial studies are needed to confirm the result in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":10456,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":"22 5","pages":"745-751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9204761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Study of miRNAs in Parkinson's Disease: Diagnostics and Therapeutic Approaches.","authors":"Saima Owais,&nbsp;Yasir Hasan Siddique","doi":"10.2174/1871527321666220111152756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527321666220111152756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most debilitating neurodegenerative movement disorder. It is characterized by the presence of fibrillar alpha-synuclein amassed in the neurons, known as Lewy bodies. Certain cellular and molecular events are involved, leading to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. However, the origin and implication of such events are still uncertain. Nevertheless, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as important biomarkers and therapeutic molecules is unquestionable. The most challenging task by far in PD treatment has been its late diagnosis followed by therapeutics. miRNAs are an emerging hope to meet the need of early diagnosis, thereby promising an improved movement symptom and prolonged life of the patients. The continuous efforts in discovering the role of miRNAs could be made possible by the utilisation of various animal models of PD. These models help us understand insights into the mechanism of the disease. Moreover, miRNAs have been surfaced as therapeutically important molecules with distinct delivery systems enhancing their success rate. This review aims at providing an outline of different miRNAs implicated in either PD-associated gene regulation or involved in therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":10456,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":"22 3","pages":"353-380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9503075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Drug Targets in Alzheimer's Associated Memory Impairment: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Anna Mathew,&nbsp;Vignesh Balaji E,&nbsp;Sreedhara Ranganath K Pai,&nbsp;Anoop Kishore,&nbsp;Vasudev Pai,&nbsp;Ramadevi Pemmireddy,&nbsp;Chandrashekar K S","doi":"10.2174/1871527321666220401124719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527321666220401124719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia among geriatrics. It is a progressive, degenerative neurologic disorder that causes memory and cognition loss. The accumulation of amyloid fibrils and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain of AD patients is a distinguishing feature of the disease. Therefore, most of the current therapeutic goals are targeting inhibition of beta-amyloid synthesis and aggregation as well as tau phosphorylation and aggregation. There is also a loss of the cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, and first-generation therapeutic agents were primarily focused on compensating for this loss of neurons. However, cholinesterase inhibitors can only alleviate cognitive symptoms of AD and cannot reduce the progression of the disease. Understanding the molecular and cellular changes associated with AD pathology has advanced significantly in recent decades. The etiology of AD is complex, with a substantial portion of sporadic AD emerging from unknown reasons and a lesser proportion of early-onset familial AD (FAD) caused by a mutation in several genes, such as the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), and presenilin 2 (PS2) genes. Hence, efforts are being made to discover novel strategies for these targets for AD therapy. A new generation of AChE and BChE inhibitors is currently being explored and evaluated in human clinical trials for AD symptomatic treatment. Other approaches for slowing the progression of AD include serotonergic modulation, H3 receptor antagonism, phosphodiesterase, COX-2, and MAO-B inhibition. The present review provides an insight into the possible therapeutic strategies and their molecular mechanisms, enlightening the perception of classical and future treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":10456,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":"22 2","pages":"255-275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9519343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induced Depressive Disorder Following the First Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine.","authors":"Ismail Rammouz,&nbsp;Jalal Doufik,&nbsp;Rachid Aalouane,&nbsp;Saïd Boujraf","doi":"10.2174/1871527321666220829112733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527321666220829112733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Several COVID-19 vaccines have been implemented. However, some side effects of the vaccine have been reported, which are sometimes very harmful. Reported cases and data are still very limited regarding the psychiatric side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine. To our knowledge, only one case has been reported. In this paper, we report the case of a patient who presented an acute depressive episode 24 hours after receiving his first dose of the BNT162b2mRNA vaccine.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>The case was a 26-year-old man with a history of Down syndrome with moderately good autonomy for daily routine tasks. The patient, who presented hypothyroidism at 10 years old and schizophrenia at 15 years old, was doing well before the vaccination and received his first dose of the BNT162b2mRNA vaccine. Twenty-four hours later, he presented depressive symptoms that resolved spontaneously after one week. Then, fifteen days later, the symptoms reappeared, and the episode lasted for 5 weeks. The patient received 10 mg/day of escitalopram besides his usual treatment. The depressive symptoms improved considerably by the second day of treatment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The presented case illustrated significant diagnostic challenges, especially when taking into account the sequential relationship between the COVID-19 vaccine and the occurrence of depressive symptoms. A single case of depression has been reported after the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine. Scientific evidence suggests the important role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders, including depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Health professionals must take into consideration the potential psychiatric side effects even being rare so far, especially in vulnerable subjects. Further studies are required to establish the causal effects of depressive symptoms occurring during the weeks following the COVID-19 vaccine bolus injection.</p>","PeriodicalId":10456,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":"22 4","pages":"618-621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9520727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech as a Biomarker for Depression.","authors":"Sanne Koops,&nbsp;Sanne G Brederoo,&nbsp;Janna N de Boer,&nbsp;Femke G Nadema,&nbsp;Alban E Voppel,&nbsp;Iris E Sommer","doi":"10.2174/1871527320666211213125847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527320666211213125847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is a debilitating disorder that at present lacks a reliable biomarker to aid in diagnosis and early detection. Recent advances in computational analytic approaches have opened up new avenues in developing such a biomarker by taking advantage of the wealth of information that can be extracted from a person's speech.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current review provides an overview of the latest findings in the rapidly evolving field of computational language analysis for the detection of depression. We cover a wide range of both acoustic and content-related linguistic features, data types (i.e., spoken and written language), and data sources (i.e., lab settings, social media, and smartphone-based). We put special focus on the current methodological advances with regard to feature extraction and computational modeling techniques. Furthermore, we pay attention to potential hurdles in the implementation of automatic speech analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depressive speech is characterized by several anomalies, such as lower speech rate, less pitch variability and more self-referential speech. With current computational modeling techniques, such features can be used to detect depression with an accuracy of up to 91%. The performance of the models is optimized when machine learning techniques are implemented that suit the type and amount of data. Recent studies now work towards further optimization and generalizability of the computational language models to detect depression. Finally, privacy and ethical issues are of paramount importance to be addressed when automatic speech analysis techniques are further implemented in, for example, smartphones. Altogether, computational speech analysis is well underway towards becoming an effective diagnostic aid for depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":10456,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":"22 2","pages":"152-160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9150572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Potential of Chrysin in Brain Related Disorders.","authors":"Ahsas Goyal,&nbsp;Geetanjali Singh,&nbsp;Aanchal Verma","doi":"10.2174/1871527321666220602111935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527321666220602111935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain disorders are currently one of the world's most serious and difficult health issues. These brain disorders are accountable for a massive number of morbidities and mortalities around the world. The current treatments of these disorders are frequently accompanied by severe side effects and cause a detrimental effect on health. Recently, plant flavonoids have sparked a surge in public and scientific attention because of their alleged health-promoting impact and almost no adverse repercussions. Also, scientific research has shown that phytochemicals possess numerous neuroprotective properties under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Chrysin is a therapeutic phytochemical that falls under the class of flavonoids based on its structure. The biological activities and pharmacological effects of chrysin include anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities as well as amyloidogenic and neurotrophic effects. These therapeutic abilities of chrysin are attributed to its structural diverseness arising in ring-A and lack of oxygenation in B and C rings. Several studies have highlighted the rising significance of chrysin in a variety of brain illnesses, like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety, brain tumours, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and ischemic stroke. This study depicts the relationship of chrysin with different brain-related disorders and discusses the mechanisms responsible for the potential role of chrysin as a pharmacological agent for the treatment and management of different brain disorders based on the results of several preclinical studies and taking into account the therapeutic effects of the compound.</p>","PeriodicalId":10456,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":"22 6","pages":"789-800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9896365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pioglitazone on Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Clinical and Experimental Findings.","authors":"Mohammad Yassin Zamanian, Ermias Mergia Terefe, Niloofar Taheri, Małgorzata Kujawska, Yekta Jahedi Tork, Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Shehla Shoukat, Maria Jade Catalan Opulencia, Mahsa Heidari, Samira Alesaeidi","doi":"10.2174/1871527322666221005122408","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871527322666221005122408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The pathogenesis of PD is strongly related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. This indicates that PD can be treated with anti-oxidative substitutes and anti-inflammatory compounds. The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonists decrease cell death and halt the increase in neurodegeneration, which is why they have been given a lot of importance in research. Antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects have been observed to be generated by pioglitazone (PG), a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist that regulates neural plasticity in various neurodegenerative disorders. The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of PG are assessed in this article. It was found that the patients with DM who received PG treatment were noticeably at a lower risk of PD. However, some clinical studies have not proven a strong link between the therapeutic effects of PG on PD. As per suggestions of preclinical studies, the therapeutic effects of PG treatment include; increased life expectancy of neurons, decreased oxidative stress, halted microglial activity, lower inflammation (reduced NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS), reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, rise in motor function (motor agility) and non-motor function (lowered cognitive dysfunction). In conclusion, we determined that PG exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in PD models and it can be considered a potential therapeutic candidate for PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10456,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":"22 10","pages":"1453-1461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10136375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter/Transgenerational Effects of Drugs of Abuse: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Mitra-Sadat Sadat-Shirazi, Mahsa Sadeghi-Adl, Ardeshir Akbarabadi, Ghorbangol Ashabi, Azarakhsh Mokri, Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast","doi":"10.2174/1871527321666220429122819","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871527321666220429122819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder that makes it a global problem. Genetics and environmental factors are the two most important factors that make someone vulnerable to drug addiction. Investigations in the past decade highlighted the role of epigenetics in the inter/transgenerational inheritance of drug addiction. A growing body of evidence showed that parental (paternal, maternal, and biparental) drug exposure before conception changes the phenotype of the offspring, which is correlated with neurochemical and neurostructural changes in the brain. The current paper reviews the effects of parental (maternal, paternal, and biparental) exposure to drugs of abuse (opioids, cocaine, nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis) before gestation in animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":10456,"journal":{"name":"CNS & neurological disorders drug targets","volume":"22 4","pages":"512-538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9150442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}