C. Conde, Á. Serrano, L. J. Rodríguez-Aragón, E. Cabello
{"title":"An Automatic 2D, 2.5D & 3D Score-Based Fusion Face Verification System","authors":"C. Conde, Á. Serrano, L. J. Rodríguez-Aragón, E. Cabello","doi":"10.1109/ASAP.2007.4429992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASAP.2007.4429992","url":null,"abstract":"A score-based fusion for face verification is presented from FRAV3D Face Database (2D, 2.5D and 3D face images). In the case of 2.5D and 3D data, an automatic correction of pose has been carried out by detecting the nose tip and the eyes. For each kind of image a different feature extraction has been applied (Principal Component Analysis and Support Vector Machine for 2D and 2.5D, and Iterative Closest Point algorithm for 3D). A fusion at score level has been performed two by two, after a minimum-maximum normalization (MM) and a Z-score standardization (ZS). We have found an optimal combination that reduces (or at least does not worsen) the Equal Error Rate of the classifiers applied independently. In the most optimal situation, the improvement of the EER is higher than 80% for the fusion of 2D and 2.5D data, as well as for 2.5D and 3D data.","PeriodicalId":104356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Workshop on Computer Architecture for Machine Perception and Sensing","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126320955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A single-chip 10000 frames/s CMOS sensor with in-situ 2D programmable image processing","authors":"J. Dubois, D. Ginhac, M. Paindavoine","doi":"10.1109/CAMP.2007.4350367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CAMP.2007.4350367","url":null,"abstract":"A high speed Analog VLSI Image acquisition and pre-processing system is described in this paper. A 64times64 pixel retina is used to extract the magnitude and direction of spatial gradients from images. So, the sensor implements some low-level image processing in a massively parallel strategy in each pixel of the sensor. Spatial gradients, various convolutions as Sobel Alter or Laplacian are described and implemented on the circuit. The retina implements in a massively parallel way, at pixel level, some various treatments based on a four-quadrants multipliers architecture. Each pixel includes a photodiode, an amplifier, two storage capacitors and an analog arithmetic unit. A maximal output frame rate of about 10000 frames per second with only image acquisition and 2000 to 5000 frames per second with image processing is achieved in a 0.35 mum standard CMOS process. The retina provides address-event coded output on three asynchronous buses, one output is dedicated to the gradient and both other to the pixel values. A prototype based on this principle, has been designed. Simulation results from Mentor Graphicstradesoftware and AustriaMicrosystem design kit are presented.","PeriodicalId":104356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Workshop on Computer Architecture for Machine Perception and Sensing","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114330573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of High-resolution Digital Vision Chip Based on CFPE Architecture","authors":"K. Yamamoto, M. Kubozono, I. Ishii","doi":"10.1109/CAMP.2007.4350344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CAMP.2007.4350344","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe VLSI implementation using a new vision chip architecture that enables various visual processings on the same architecture and combines high speed and the high accumulation. A 64 x 64 pixel prototype vision chip and its evaluation results are shown. The chip is integrated on a 3.6 mm x 3.9 mm chip using a 0.35 mum CMOS DLP/TLM process; the pixel size is 33.0 mum x 33.0 mum. The maximum current consumption is approximately 500 mA.","PeriodicalId":104356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Workshop on Computer Architecture for Machine Perception and Sensing","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121113891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Traffic-Aware Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Jun Liu, X. Hong","doi":"10.1109/ASAP.2007.4429979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASAP.2007.4429979","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an online load balanced energy-aware routing protocol for large-scale wireless sensor networks. The protocol designed, namely traffic-aware energy efficient (TAEE) routing protocol, exploits traffic load information in addition to power residue levels to optimize the load distribution of the entire sensor network, and thus accomplish longer network lifetime. An algorithm for adaptively computing the best parameter for TAEE is also described. Furthermore, to better accommodate larger-scale wireless sensor networks, our TAEE protocol can be adapted to include a random grouping scheme which implements hierarchical routing to reduce computation and routing overhead and to maintain energy efficiency. Our simulation shows that the TAEE protocol generates better performance in terms of network lifetime compared with the leading power-aware Max-min zPmin protocol.","PeriodicalId":104356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Workshop on Computer Architecture for Machine Perception and Sensing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125264931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Merhi, M. Ghantous, M. Elgamel, M. Bayoumi, A. El-Desouki
{"title":"A Fully-Pipelined Parallel Architecture for Kalman Tracking Filter","authors":"Z. Merhi, M. Ghantous, M. Elgamel, M. Bayoumi, A. El-Desouki","doi":"10.1109/ASAP.2007.4429968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASAP.2007.4429968","url":null,"abstract":"The Kalman filter is a set of mathematical equations that provides an efficient computational (recursive) mean to estimate the state of a process, in a way that minimizes the mean of the squared error. This filter is very powerful in several aspects: it provides estimations of past, present, and future states, and it can do so when the precise nature of the modeled system is unknown, and even with the presence of measurement and process noise. Moreover, Kalman filter for linear estimate is the most complex and precise algorithm used for target tracking. However, using Kalman filter algorithms in software for multi-target tracking (MTT) radar system would result in a very long computational time which may not be suitable for today's warfare constraints, or real-time processing. Consequently, a hardware alternative has to be developed which may result in big area overhead which is not suitable for today's area constraints such as sensor nodes in a sensor network. In this paper, we break the arrays into their scalar forms, and develop fully-pipelined hardware architecture for the radar tracking Kalman filter, with time division multiplex blocks to decrease the silicon area.. The proposed architecture contains 6 multipliers, 2 dividers, 9 adders, 5 subtracters, one control unit, and some registers and multiplexers for pipeline and control. Simulation results show that the loss in accuracy between the exact track and the estimated is found to be only 4.9%.","PeriodicalId":104356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Workshop on Computer Architecture for Machine Perception and Sensing","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121878231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive sensing and image processing with a general-purpose pixel-parallel sensor/processor array integrated circuit","authors":"P. Dudek","doi":"10.1109/CAMP.2007.4350340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CAMP.2007.4350340","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a pixel-parallel image sensor/processor architecture with a fine-grain massively parallel SIMD analogue processor array is overviewed and the latest VLSI implementation, SCAMPS vision chip, comprising 128 times 128 array, fabricated in a 0.35mum CMOS technology, is presented. Examples of real-time image-processing executed on the chip are shown. Sensor-level data reduction, wide dynamic range and adaptive sensing algorithms, enabled by the sensor-processor integration, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":104356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Workshop on Computer Architecture for Machine Perception and Sensing","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116609274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Aguilar-Ponce, Jason McNeely, Abu Baker, Ashok Kumar V, Magdy A. Bayoumi
{"title":"Multisensor Data Fusion Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"R. Aguilar-Ponce, Jason McNeely, Abu Baker, Ashok Kumar V, Magdy A. Bayoumi","doi":"10.1109/ASAP.2007.4429978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASAP.2007.4429978","url":null,"abstract":"Data fusion systems is an active research field with applications in several fields such as manufacturing, surveillance, air traffic control, robotics and remote sensing. The wide interest in wireless sensor networks has fueled the interest in data fusion as a medium to compress and interpret the collected data from the spatially distributed sensors. The present paper gives a general overview on the current state of data fusion schemes for wireless sensor networks. Specifically this paper presents a review on some of the commonly used techniques such as Kalman filtering, beamforming, transferable belief model, filter-based techniques and linear mean square estimator.","PeriodicalId":104356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Workshop on Computer Architecture for Machine Perception and Sensing","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116995742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. O. Cheema, O. Hammami, L. Lacassagne, A. Mérigot
{"title":"Hardware /Software Codesign of Image Processing Applications Using Transaction Level Modeling","authors":"M. O. Cheema, O. Hammami, L. Lacassagne, A. Mérigot","doi":"10.1109/camp.2007.4350350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camp.2007.4350350","url":null,"abstract":"Transaction level modeling (TLM) and component based software development approaches accelerate the process of an embedded system design and simulation and hence improve the overall productivity. On the other hand, system level design languages facilitate the fast hardware synthesis at behavioral level of abstraction. In this paper, we introduce an approach for hardware/software codesign of image processing application that uses TLM and component based software design approaches along with HW synthesis using SystemC to accelerate system design and verification process. Our experiments performed over an image processing application shows the effectiveness of our methodology.","PeriodicalId":104356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Workshop on Computer Architecture for Machine Perception and Sensing","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123876404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Milepost sign detection","authors":"R. Marmo, L. Lombardi","doi":"10.1109/camp.2007.4350361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camp.2007.4350361","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the problem of the detection of milepost signs, a specific type of road sign showing distances, placed on Italian highway has been faced. First step concerns the robust identification of rectangular sign by optical flow analysis. Second step concerns rectangular sign detection based on searching grey level discontinuity on image and Hough transform. Classification is based on analysis of surface color on inner part, detection of shape and color of rectangular border around the sign, characters analysis. Our approach can detect sign candidates in presence of complex background.","PeriodicalId":104356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Workshop on Computer Architecture for Machine Perception and Sensing","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114788268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Scalable Design for Signal Conditioning and Digitization in Implantable Multi-Channel Neural Sensors","authors":"B. Gosselin, Pierre-Yves Robert, M. Sawan","doi":"10.1109/camp.2007.4350357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camp.2007.4350357","url":null,"abstract":"We present the design of a neural data acquisition channel intended for multi-channel neural recording sensors. The design includes a neural signal conditioning stage and a digitization stage. As its power consumption is bellow 25 muW and its size is of 0.0975 mm2, this design is fully scalable to large micro-electrode arrays and suitable to implement systems including more than 100 channels.","PeriodicalId":104356,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Workshop on Computer Architecture for Machine Perception and Sensing","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114535701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}