Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics最新文献_第10页

Skin Reactions Associated to Phenytoin Administration: Multifactorial Cause 与苯妥英相关的皮肤反应:多因素原因

Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics Pub Date : 2014-10-29 DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000125

M. Vázquez, P. Fagiolino, Silvana Alvariza, M. Ibarra, Cecilia Maldonado, R. González, A. Laborde, M. Uría, A. Carozzi, C. Azambuja

{"title":"Skin Reactions Associated to Phenytoin Administration: Multifactorial Cause","authors":"M. Vázquez, P. Fagiolino, Silvana Alvariza, M. Ibarra, Cecilia Maldonado, R. González, A. Laborde, M. Uría, A. Carozzi, C. Azambuja","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000125","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Cutaneous reactions can be associated with phenytoin administration. Such reactions can be explained by the formation of reactive species (arene oxide and quinones) capable of interacting covalently with cell macromolecules during phenytoin metabolism. Enzymes involved in reactive species detoxification are polimorphically expressed in humans. A genetic abnormality leading to a defective microsomal epoxidase hydrolase (main detoxification enzyme) activity could be one of the causes leading to this kind of adverse effect, but not the only one. The purpose of this study was to give a deeper insight into the main causes leading to skin reactions. \u0000Methods: Cutaneous reactions experienced by some healthy volunteers enrolled in a pharmacokinetic study of phenytoin were analyzed in depth. The activity of the microsomal epoxidase enzyme was determined. \u0000Results: Six out of twelve healthy volunteers receiving phenytoin in multiple doses exhibited rash. More female subjects or volunteers with a rapid input of the drug and/or a faster phenytoin metabolism or defective microsomal epoxidase hydrolase activity experienced these cutaneous reactions. \u0000Conclusions: Arene oxide metabolite seems to be the responsible entity for cutaneous reactions. The genesis of this adverse effect after phenytoin administration is multifactorial revealing that other risks factors (not only the genetic one) such as being a woman in the fertile life period or under contraceptive therapy, or a rapid drug input and /or a faster phenytoin metabolism could lead to a higher formation rate of the arene oxide.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88393775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Evolution of Drug Utilization in Nursing Homes in Belgium 比利时养老院药物使用的演变

Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics Pub Date : 2014-10-07 DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000124

J. D. Wolf, T. Dilles, R. V. Stichele, M. Elseviers

引用次数: 7

Tolerabilities of Artemisinin-Based Combination Drugs among Patients with Uncomplicated Malaria in a Tertiary Institution Benin City, Nigeria 尼日利亚贝宁市某高等教育机构无并发症疟疾患者青蒿素类联合药物耐受性研究

Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000123

S. Aghahowa, H. Obianwu, A. Isah

{"title":"Tolerabilities of Artemisinin-Based Combination Drugs among Patients with Uncomplicated Malaria in a Tertiary Institution Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"S. Aghahowa, H. Obianwu, A. Isah","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000123","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The policy governing the treatment of malaria in Nigeria was changed in 2005 instituting the Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies [ACTs] as first-line Drugs instead of Chloroquine due to rapidly developing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum. \u0000Methodology: The tolerability to [ACTs] was assessed in patients using a structured questionnaire and Visual analogue scale. These instruments were distributed systematically among the patients that presented with uncomplicated malaria after obtaining consent from the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. \u0000Results: Among the five hundred and twenty patients that participated in the tolerability assessment of four different types of ACTs, male and female ratio was 1.3:1, Mean age 32.06 ± 2.3 years [Mean ± SD]. Artemether-Lumefantrine was the most frequently utilized and most tolerable. Two hundred and five [52.69%] respondents reported with forty-one different types of adverse effects of nine major systemic classes. Body weakness was the most frequent adverse effects reported in 112[54.63%] respondents. Adverse effects were significantly dependent on the type of ACTs used p<0.05; these were found to be most common with Artesunate-Mefloquine. Eleven patients were hospitalized due to very severe Body weakness and Dizziness. These severities were found common with Artesunate-Amodiaquine and Artesunate- Mefloqunie respectively. Despite the adverse effects, four hundred and seventy-six respondents (91.53%) were willing to repeat ACTs another time they have malaria. There were significant differences in symptomatic response on Days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14 and 28 (p<0.05). 93% respondents felt extremely sick on Day 0, 68% had persistent fever on the third day of treatment and 71% had improved response after day 7. \u0000Conclusion: Anecdotal reports showed that ACTs have a modest tolerability, they are therefore recommended for patients that have uncomplicated malaria.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85695347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

The Pharmacology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征的药理学研究

Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics Pub Date : 2014-09-23 DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000120

A. Chamberlain, B. Varisco

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Drug Related Problems Among Hypertensive Patients on Follow up in Adama Hospital Medical College, East Ethiopia 东埃塞俄比亚阿达玛医院医学院随访高血压患者药物相关问题评价

Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics Pub Date : 2014-09-23 DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000122

M. Hussein, J. Lenjisa, M. Woldu, Gobeze Temesgen Tegegne, G. Umeta, Hunduma Dins, B. K. Gelaw

{"title":"Assessment of Drug Related Problems Among Hypertensive Patients on Follow up in Adama Hospital Medical College, East Ethiopia","authors":"M. Hussein, J. Lenjisa, M. Woldu, Gobeze Temesgen Tegegne, G. Umeta, Hunduma Dins, B. K. Gelaw","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000122","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high frequency and risk factor for cerebrovascular, cardiovascular and kidney disease. Drug therapy problems are a significant challenge to health care providers. It severely compromises the effectiveness of treatment making this a critical issue in population health both from the perspective of quality of life and of health economics. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the pattern and magnitude of drug therapy problems in the study hospital and to find out risk factors for these problems. The study was questionnaire-based Cross sectional design which was conducted from April to May 2014 at Adama Hospital Medical College. A convenient sampling method was used and a total of 192 hypertensive patients were included in the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS software program. In this study 155 (80.7%) patients have at least one drug therapy problem and a total of 452 drug therapy problems were identified in them. The most common drug therapy problem identified in this study was drug interaction (n=259, 58.7%), followed by non-adherence and adverse drug interaction constituting 19.5% and 18.6% respectively. Under dose accounts only 0.9% of all drug therapy identified. Marital status, number of drugs and number of co morbidities significantly affect drug therapy problems. The study showed that 80.7% of the patients in the study have drug therapy problems. Number of complications and number of drugs significantly affect drug therapy problems. Therefore, patients with multiple diagnosis and patients using multiple drugs should be closely monitored for drug therapy problem, to avoid clinically significant harmful consequences.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72830658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers Used in Controlled Drug Delivery System: An Overview 合成可生物降解聚合物在受控药物输送系统中的应用综述

Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics Pub Date : 2014-09-22 DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000121

Amit Jagannath Gavasane, H. Pawar

引用次数: 56

Neuroblastoma in the Adult: Which Therapy is Effective? 成人神经母细胞瘤:哪种治疗有效?

Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics Pub Date : 2014-08-08 DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000119

F. Karaca, ÇiÄdem Usul AfÅar, Meral GünaldÄ, Berksoy Åahin

引用次数: 0

A Comparative Study of Olmesartan and Valsartan on Insulin Sensitivity in Hypertensive Patients with Diabetes Mellitus or Impaired Glucose Tolerance (OVIS Study) 奥美沙坦与缬沙坦对高血压合并糖尿病或糖耐量受损患者胰岛素敏感性的比较研究(OVIS研究)

Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics Pub Date : 2014-07-25 DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000118

S. Biro, T. Saikawa, Takatoshi Otonari, Y. Sawayama, M. Ageta, H. Obata, S. Kono, J. Sasaki

{"title":"A Comparative Study of Olmesartan and Valsartan on Insulin Sensitivity in Hypertensive Patients with Diabetes Mellitus or Impaired Glucose Tolerance (OVIS Study)","authors":"S. Biro, T. Saikawa, Takatoshi Otonari, Y. Sawayama, M. Ageta, H. Obata, S. Kono, J. Sasaki","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000118","url":null,"abstract":"Activation of renin angiotensin system is implicated in insulin resistance. In mega trials, it has been suggested that angiotensin receptor blockers may be beneficial on insulin sensitivity in hypertensive patients. We conducted a multicenter, open-label, parallel-group trial to compare the effects of olmesartan and valsartan on insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels in 206 hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. Patients were randomly assigned to either olmesartan 20 mg/day or valsartan 80 mg/day treatment for 24 weeks. Blood pressure, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum adiponectin levels were measured. The efficacy was evaluated in 197 patients (olmesartan, n=98; valsartan, n=99). At baseline, all parameters except for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and serum triglyceride did not differ between the 2 groups. HbA1c decreased slightly after a 24-week treatment with valsartan, but not olmesartan, while the decrease did not significantly differ in the two groups. There was no difference in the change from the baseline between olmesartan and valsartan groups concerning fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and adiponectin levels after 24-week treatment. The decrease in SBP tended to be greater in the olmesartan group than in the valsartan group even with adjustment for the baseline difference. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in insulin sensitivity or adiponectin levels between the olmesartan and valsartan groups. In the standard dose, olmesartan significantly decreased SBP as compared with valsartan.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82434341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Therapeutic Targets for Diabetes Mellitus: An Update 糖尿病的治疗靶点:最新进展

Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics Pub Date : 2014-05-15 DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.1000117

Nivedita Tiwari, A. Thakur, Vinay Kumar, A. Dey, Vikas Kumar

{"title":"Therapeutic Targets for Diabetes Mellitus: An Update","authors":"Nivedita Tiwari, A. Thakur, Vinay Kumar, A. Dey, Vikas Kumar","doi":"10.4172/2167-065X.1000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-065X.1000117","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a common form of metabolic disorder where level of blood glucose in the bloodstream raises high, because of deficiency of insulin and development of insulin resistance in diabetic individuals. It is categorize under modern age life style disorder, commonly affected by middle-aged people and the children in adolescents in most developed countries. Diabetic patients develop serious complication with the development of disease, such as obesity, risk of stroke and heart failure. The worldwide prevalence of diabetes is likely to increase from 382 million people in 2013 to 592 million by 2035. Globally antidiabetic drugs formulate the second-largest market by sales in the pharmaceuticals industry after cancer. Various novel targets have identified and recently various therapeutic leads successfully completed their different phases of clinical trials such as GLP-1 agonist, DPP-IV inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and are going to be the next generation therapy for management of diabetes. Presently the information was collects from PubMed, Science Direct, SciFinder and Google Scholar. In this review, we spotlighted on some common therapeutic targets involved in type 2 diabetes, offering a new concept for developing new drug candidates to produce newer generation antidiabetic drugs against type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":10410,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82699983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Macromolecular Design of Platinum Drug Conjugates 铂类药物偶联物的大分子设计

Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics Pub Date : 2014-05-02 DOI: 10.4172/2167-065X.S2-006

N. Koseva

引用次数: 2