Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology最新文献_第7页

Retinopathies Associated with Antiretinal Antibodies 与抗视网膜抗体相关的视网膜病变

Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.853-858.2001

J. Hooks, M. Tso, B. Detrick

引用次数: 59

Molecular Investigation of Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in a Criminal Case 一起刑事案件中人类免疫缺陷病毒1型传播的分子调查

Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.884-890.2001

R. Machuca, L. Jørgensen, P. Theilade, C. Nielsen

{"title":"Molecular Investigation of Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in a Criminal Case","authors":"R. Machuca, L. Jørgensen, P. Theilade, C. Nielsen","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.884-890.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.884-890.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Very few criminal cases involving human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission have been described. We report on an HIV-1 transmission case with a child being infected by an HIV-1-positive man. The objective was to determine through molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analyses whether HIV-1 from the HIV-1-positive man could be the source of infection in the HIV-1-positive child, as claimed by the authorities. We conducted genetic analysis of three different parts of the HIV-1 genome (gag, pol, and env) by PCR, direct-sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. We used maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and neighbor-joining methods for the phylogenetic analyses to investigate whether the sequences from the man and the child were related. We found that the viral sequences from the man and the child formed separate clusters in all of the phylogenetic analyses compared to the local controls. A unique amino acid deletion was identified in the C2-V3-C3 region of the env gene in the virus from the man and the child. These results were used in the criminal court to elucidate whether the virus from the man was related to the virus from the child. In summary, the results from the phylogenetic analyses, the sequence distances between the virus from the man and the virus from the child, and the identification of the unique molecular fingerprint in the env gene together indicated that the virus from the man and the virus from the child were epidemiologically linked.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"140 1","pages":"884 - 890"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86737276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Simplified Assay for Measuring Toxoplasma gondii Immunoglobulin G Avidity 刚地弓形虫免疫球蛋白G含量测定的简化方法

Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.904-908.2001

H. Prince, Marianna Wilson

{"title":"Simplified Assay for Measuring Toxoplasma gondii Immunoglobulin G Avidity","authors":"H. Prince, Marianna Wilson","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.904-908.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.904-908.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed that combines the accuracy of assays based on end point titers and the relative ease of assays based on optical density values. Like published procedures, the new assay's avidity index (AI) was based on differential T. gondii-specific IgG reactivity in serum-treated wells washed with urea buffer versus that in wells washed with control buffer; unlike previous assays, however, the IgG reactivity was measured quantitatively using a standard curve. The assay was evaluated using 24 IgG-positive and IgM-positive sera collected within 5 months of the onset of symptoms (recent-infection group) and 25 IgG-positive and IgM-negative sera (past-infection group). All sera in the recent-infection group exhibited AI values of <0.18, whereas all sera in the past-infection group exhibited AI values of >0.27. The AI values of the recent-infection group showed significant correlation with the number of days after the onset of symptoms. A subset of 16 sera (8 recent and 8 past) was tested using a commercially availableT. gondii IgG avidity ELISA based on end point titration; the results of the two assays showed highly significant correlation (R2 = 0.9125). In addition, we confirmed and extended the findings of other investigators, showing that AI values calculated using optical density values, but not AI values calculated using quantitative IgG values, varied significantly depending on the serum dilution used. This new assay should facilitate the accurate measurement of T. gondii IgG avidity in a reference laboratory setting.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"163 1","pages":"904 - 908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84991944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells in Human Legionellosis 人军团病中的Vγ9Vδ2 T细胞

Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.949-954.2001

M. Kroča, A. Johansson, A. Sjöstedt, A. Tärnvik

{"title":"Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells in Human Legionellosis","authors":"M. Kroča, A. Johansson, A. Sjöstedt, A. Tärnvik","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.949-954.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.949-954.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In humans, expansion of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells seems to be a pathophysiological denominator shared by protozoan and intracellular bacterial diseases. The assumption was tested here on legionellosis, a condition conforming to the category but not yet described with respect to γδ T cells. Levels of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in peripheral blood were measured at various intervals in 14 subjects undergoing a Pontiac fever-like disease, shown by serological investigation to be caused byLegionella micdadei. In samples obtained 4 to 6 days after the onset of the disease, the mean percentage (± the standard deviation) of Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells among CD3+cells was 1.0% ± 0.5%, compared to 5.0% ± 3.9% in healthy control subjects (P < 0.001). Thereafter, a pronounced increase occurred and at 2 to 7 weeks after onset, mean peak levels were as high as ≈15%. During the next 6 months, values slowly declined, although without reaching the normal range. Percentages of γδ+ T cells expressing tumor necrosis factor alpha or gamma interferon in response to phorbol myristate acetate were assayed in vitro. At 14 to 16 days after the onset of disease, the expression of both cytokines was increased (P < 0.01), whereas at 5 to 7 weeks, the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha was decreased (P < 0.05), possibly reflecting modulation of an inflammatory response. In conclusion, Pontiac fever was found to be associated with a pronounced and long-lasting expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, implying that the subset may also be pathophysiologically important in a mild and transient form of intracellular bacterial diseases. Surprisingly, the expansion was preceded by a depletion of circulatory Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Possibly, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are initially recruited to a site of infection before they expand in response to antigen and occur in high numbers in blood.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"15 1","pages":"949 - 954"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82988066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Reciprocal Interaction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infections 人类免疫缺陷病毒与丙型肝炎病毒感染的相互作用

Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.867-870.2001

K. Nelson, David L. Thomas

引用次数: 10

Slow Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infectivity Correlated with Low HIV Coreceptor Levels 慢人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染与低HIV辅助受体水平相关

Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.932-936.2001

C. Bristow

引用次数: 4

Human Lymphocyte Proliferation Responses following Primary Immunization with Rabies Vaccine as Neoantigen 狂犬病疫苗作为新抗原初次免疫后人淋巴细胞增殖反应

Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.880-883.2001

Guity Ghaffari, Dominick J. Passalacqua, B. Bender, D. Briggs, M. Goodenow, J. Sleasman

{"title":"Human Lymphocyte Proliferation Responses following Primary Immunization with Rabies Vaccine as Neoantigen","authors":"Guity Ghaffari, Dominick J. Passalacqua, B. Bender, D. Briggs, M. Goodenow, J. Sleasman","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.880-883.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.880-883.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Evaluation of the T-cell immune response following primary antigenic challenge with a neoantigen is a critical aspect of assessment of the cellular immune response. While many antigens can be used to accurately assess in vitro T-cell proliferation to a recall antigen, only a few neoantigens have been tested for their capacities to measure T-cell responses in vitro to a primary immunization. Rabies vaccination is an excellent candidate for the testing of T-cell proliferation responses to a primary immunization because few individuals have been exposed to rabies virus antigens. In the present study 14 rabies vaccine-naı̈ve, healthy adult volunteers were immunized against rabies virus, and T-cell proliferation and antibody responses were measured before and after vaccination. Optimal lymphocyte proliferation to soluble rabies virus antigen occurred after 8 days in culture. The average level of uptake of tritiated thymidine postimmunization was 29,620 ± 4,448 cpm, whereas preimmunization levels were 12,660 ± 3,448 cpm (P = 0.002). All individuals showed increases in rabies virus antibody titers from <0.05 to 5.59 ± 1.64 IU/ml. The degree of proliferation to tetanus toxoid as a recall antigen was similar to the response to rabies virus antigen among the cohort. Due to high levels of preimmunization proliferation, four subjects failed to demonstrate a twofold increase in response to rabies virus antigen. The high levels of T-cell responses may be due to a viral superantigen effect in some individuals. Rabies vaccination offers a safe and effective means for measurement of both T- and B-cell immune responses to a neoantigen in healthy and immune suppressed individuals.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"59 1","pages":"880 - 883"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77915776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Children: Analysis of Cellular Immune Responses 高活性抗逆转录病毒治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒1型感染儿童:细胞免疫反应分析

Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.943-948.2001

V. Blazevic, S. Jankelevich, S. Steinberg, F. Jacobsen, R. Yarchoan, G. Shearer

{"title":"Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Children: Analysis of Cellular Immune Responses","authors":"V. Blazevic, S. Jankelevich, S. Steinberg, F. Jacobsen, R. Yarchoan, G. Shearer","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.943-948.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.943-948.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study analyzes the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on restoration of cellular immunity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children over a 24-week period following initiation of HAART with ritonavir, nevirapine, and stavudine. The immunological parameters evaluated at four time points (at enrollment and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks of therapy) included cytokine production by monocytes as well as T-cell proliferation in response to mitogen, alloantigen, and recall antigens including HIV type 1 envelope peptides. Circulating levels of interleukin-16 (IL-16) were measured, in addition to CD4+ T-cell counts, plasma HIV RNA levels, and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. At enrollment the children exhibited defects in several immune parameters measured. Therapy increased CD4+ T-cell counts and decreased viral loads significantly. By contrast, the only immunological parameter that was significantly increased was IL-12 p70 production by monocytes; the DTH response to Candida albicans also showed a strong increase in patients becoming positive. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that HAART in HIV-infected children affects the dynamics of HIV replication and the CD4+ T-cell count over 24 weeks, similar to the pattern seen in HIV-infected adults. Furthermore, these data indicate improvement in antigen-presenting cell immunological function in HIV-infected children induced by HAART.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"521 1","pages":"943 - 948"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86883464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Comparison of Serologic Assays for Detection of Antibodies against Human Herpesvirus 8 人疱疹病毒8抗体血清学检测方法的比较

Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.913-921.2001

J. Corchero, E. Mar, T. Spira, P. Pellett, N. Inoue

{"title":"Comparison of Serologic Assays for Detection of Antibodies against Human Herpesvirus 8","authors":"J. Corchero, E. Mar, T. Spira, P. Pellett, N. Inoue","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.913-921.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.913-921.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Improvement of serologic assays for detection of antibodies against human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is critical to better understand its epidemiology and biology. We produced the HHV-8 latent (ORF73) and lytic (ORF65, K8.1, and glycoprotein B) antigens in the Semliki Forest virus system and evaluated their performance in immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). These assays were compared with other latent antigen-based assays, including an IFA based on primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells and an ELISA based on bacterially expressed ORF73 antigen, as well as with other lytic antigen-based assays, including an IFA based on induced PEL cells, a commercial ELISA based on purified virions, and ELISAs based on K8.1- and ORF65-derived oligopeptides. We used a panel of 180 serum specimens obtained from three groups expected to have high, intermediate, and low HHV-8 prevalences. Using three different evaluation methods, we found that (i) the performances of the lytic antigen-based ELISAs were almost equivalent, (ii) the lytic antigen-based assays were more sensitive than the latent antigen-based assays, and (iii) in general, IFAs were more sensitive than ELISAs based on the same open reading frame. We also found that serum specimens from healthy individuals contained antibodies cross-reactive with HHV-8 glycoprotein B that can potentially cause false-positive reactions in lytic PEL-based IFAs. Although this is not a substantial problem in most epidemiologic studies, it may confound the interpretation of data in studies that require high assay specificity. Because the K8.1-based IFA provides sensitivity similar to that of lytic PEL-based IFAs and improved specificity, it can be a useful alternative to the PEL-based IFAs.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"40 1","pages":"913 - 921"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79934208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 53

Detection of Y Chromosome DNA as Evidence of Semen in Cervicovaginal Secretions of Sexually Active Women 性活跃妇女宫颈阴道分泌物中Y染色体DNA检测作为精液的证据

Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Pub Date : 2001-09-01 DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.955-958.2001

N. Chomont, G. Grésenguet, Michel Lévy, H. Hocini, P. Becquart, M. Matta, J. Tranchot‐Diallo, L. Andréoletti, M. Carreno, M. Kazatchkine, L. Bélec

{"title":"Detection of Y Chromosome DNA as Evidence of Semen in Cervicovaginal Secretions of Sexually Active Women","authors":"N. Chomont, G. Grésenguet, Michel Lévy, H. Hocini, P. Becquart, M. Matta, J. Tranchot‐Diallo, L. Andréoletti, M. Carreno, M. Kazatchkine, L. Bélec","doi":"10.1128/CDLI.8.5.955-958.2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.8.5.955-958.2001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The detection of traces of semen in cervicovaginal secretions (CVS) from sexually active women practicing unprotected sex is a prerequisite for the accurate study of cervicovaginal immunity. Two semen markers, the prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) and the Y chromosome, were detected in parallel in CVS obtained by a standardized vaginal washing of consecutive women attending the principal medical center for sexually transmitted diseases of Bangui, Central African Republic. PSA was detected by immunoenzymatic capture assay in the cell-free fraction of CVS, and the Y chromosome was detected by a single PCR assay of DNA extracted by silica from the cell fraction (Y PCR). Fifty (19%) cell-free fractions of the 264 β-globin-positive CVS samples were positive for PSA, and 100 (38%) cell fractions of the CVS samples were positive for the Y chromosome. All the 50 (19%) PSA-containing CVS samples were also positive for the Y chromosome. Fifty (19%) CVS samples were positive only for the Y chromosome, with no detectable PSA. The remaining 164 (62%) CVS samples were both PSA and Y chromosome negative. These findings demonstrate that CVS from sexually active women may contain cell-associated semen residues unrecognized by conventional immunoenzymatic assays used to detect semen components. The detection of cell-associated male DNA with a highly sensitive and specific procedure such as Y PCR constitutes a method of choice to detect semen traces in female genital secretions.","PeriodicalId":10395,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology","volume":"665 1","pages":"955 - 958"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76851146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 41