Waste Management and the Environment IX最新文献

{"title":"HEALTHCARE WASTE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF HEALTH-PROMOTING HOSPITALS","authors":"S. Puangmanee, Moltiya Jearanai","doi":"10.2495/wm180361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wm180361","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare waste management from health-promoting hospitals in some local areas of Thailand is weakly regulated. Pollution from the waste originates from poor management, ineffective control, and unsuitable disposal. We reviewed the management of healthcare waste at health-promoting hospitals and aimed to study the type and quantity of healthcare waste, storage, collection, transfer, transportation and disposal. Six hospitals were selected and prioritized from a district in a province in the upper part of southern Thailand. All waste was classified into two types: waste from treated patients (general waste, hazardous and infectious waste) and waste from untreated patients (domestic and hazardous waste). The highest percentage of waste from treated patients was 68.20% and waste from untreated patients was 86.60%. The waste from treated patients at all hospitals was put into red plastic bags and placed inside stainless steel or plastic garbage cans. The waste materials were then transferred daily by hospital employees. They wore protective equipment while working. The waste from untreated patients was put into black plastic bags and placed inside plastic or stainless steel garbage cans. The waste materials were transferred the same way as the waste from treated patients. Waste from the treated patients was then transported by a hospital employee who wore unsuitable protective equipment. The waste materials were collected from all health-promoting hospitals once a week by pickup truck and moved to a single hospital in the district where it waited for transportation to an incineration plant in central Thailand. The waste from untreated patients was transported by employees of the sub-district administrative organization. They also wore unsuitable protective equipment while working. The waste from untreated patients was transported by compact garbage truck and moved for disposal in two open dump sites in the local area. Although the waste materials were basically controlled and managed by the guidelines, some of the handling processes were incorrect and ineffective. Therefore, everyone involved in healthcare waste management from the top down need to strictly practice the guidelines according to the laws for a better environment.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114329126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FOLLOW UP: A CASE STUDY OF SEVERAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN VARIOUS UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES","authors":"J. Barrantes, Gilberto Piedra-Marín, José Pablo Sibaja Brenes, Mario Cordero","doi":"10.2495/WM180031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WM180031","url":null,"abstract":"Construction projects have become a driving force for the worldwide economy, with significant impacts on energy consumption, environmental emissions, and social issues. Building constructions and operations have massive, direct and indirect effects on the fragile surroundings. Such adverse impacts include resource depletion, biological diversity losses, landfill problems, decreased productivity, adverse human health, global warming, acid rain, and smog, among others. As a result, many constructors look forward to controlling the adverse impacts of their activities by adopting environmental management systems. Environmental impact assessments (EIAs) are primary instruments for development planning as well as decision making. In a previous work, we carried out the EIAs of seventeen construction projects, to be built in various university campus of Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. In this work we focused on assessing the significant environmental aspects (SEAs) of eight construction projects, which were completed during 2016–2017, and also on performing social and environmental procedures as a follow-up of the most significant environmental impacts of these eight construction projects. Also, eight procedures related with social and environmental issues were developed in order to perform a follow-up of the most important SEAs identified in our previous work. They were identified thirty three environmental aspects, with 22 of them being classified as significant. The average compliance of the social and environmental procedures for the eight construction projects were in the 77–92% range, which suggested that these the social and environmental procedures they must be integrated into one general evaluation protocol for assessing every single construction project to be developed.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134080124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CIRCULAR ECONOMY EFFECTS ON WASTE GENERATION IN LONDON","authors":"Erato Panayiotou, T. Clifford","doi":"10.2495/wm180351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wm180351","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports on research carried out on behalf of the London Waste and Recycling Board, to assess the potential impact that the adoption of the Circular Economy can have on the generation of three principal waste types: construction, demolition and excavation waste (CDEW), commercial and industrial waste (C&IW), and household waste (HW) in Greater London, up to the year 2041. The paper takes an evidence-based, quantitative approach, demonstrating the potential real-world impacts of the Circular Economy. It stresses the importance of moving up a level on the waste hierarchy, to focus solely on waste reduction. The study estimates the waste reduction potential of nine Circular Economy initiatives and the time required for this potential to be realised (i.e. adopted by the general population). The waste reduction potential of the chosen Circular Economy initiatives, and the time-uptake factor are used to develop three Circular Economy uptake scenarios, which are tested in a waste generation impact assessment model. The waste generation impact assessment model indicates that targeting all three principal waste types can result in a significant, cumulative waste reduction. A maximum potential waste reduction of more than 60% can be achieved, with a central estimate of approximately 30%, depending on the chosen Circular Economy uptake scenario.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132139195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OPTIMIZING CONTAINER LOCATION FOR SELECTIVE COLLECTION OF URBAN SOLID WASTE","authors":"Eva Barrena, D. Canca, F. Ortega, R. Piedra-de-la-Cuadra","doi":"10.2495/wm180011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wm180011","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal solid waste management includes several functional phases such as waste generation, storage, collection, transportation, processing, recycling and disposal in a suitable landfill. Waste collection and transportation phases are closely related, since the deployment of containers along the city determine the vehicle fleet size required for picking up the collected waste into the containers and the design of efficient routes needed for that purpose. A mathematical model for the deployment of containers in a context of selective collection of urban solid waste, has been formulated in this work. A greedy algorithm of overflowing deviated to the immediate neighbourhood has also been developed to solve the proposed mathematical programming model. In order to evaluate the performance of the developed methodology, a computational experience has been carried out on an urban system inspired in a zone belonging to the area of Seville, Spain.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125661979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FOOD WASTAGE: A CONCERN ACROSS THE SOUTH AFRICAN QUICK SERVICE RESTAURANT SUPPLY CHAIN","authors":"N. Marx-Pienaar, G. E. D. Rand, A. Viljoen, H. Fisher","doi":"10.2495/WM180221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WM180221","url":null,"abstract":"Global estimates suggest that between one third to half of all food produced never reach the human stomach. Recent figures estimate South African (SA) food waste at R61.5 billion per annum (current exchange rate R12.23 = $1). With the Food and Agriculture Organisation’s (FAO) reports underscoring the food insecurity of many SA households, addressing food wastage in SA has become a matter of great significance. Unfortunately, information pertaining to food waste in SA tends to be limited. Not only is information detailing the proportion of waste at key supply chain areas needed, identifying critical areas of concern with possible mitigating strategies is also warranted. This study aimed at alleviating the knowledge deficit regarding food waste by investigating current food product practices throughout a SA quick service restaurant (QSR) supply chain. Data collection entailed two phases. Phase one involved a supply chain audit that documented practices and managerial protocols which could contribute towards unnecessary wastage. Phase two involved interviewing QSR managers, which allowed identifying possible mitigating strategies. Results revealed that production, distribution and packaging in particular secondary packaging warrants attention. However, in terms of human resources, findings also accentuated consumers’, managers’, and employees’ general awareness of food waste as","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126386354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEURAL NETWORK MODELING TO SUPPORT AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE COMPOSTING PROCESS OF BIOWASTE WITH FILTER CAKE AND STAR GRASS","authors":"J. Soto-Paz, Pablo Manyoma-Velásquez, Ricardo Ocaña, Wilfredo Alfonso, E. Caicedo, P. Torres-Lozada","doi":"10.2495/WM180211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/WM180211","url":null,"abstract":"Biowaste (B) is the predominant fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries and composting is one of the most widely used technologies for the use of biowaste. Several interrelated factors affect the efficiency of the bioconversion of the substrate influencing the development of the composting process and therefore, the quality of the final product. Simulations through Artificial Neural Networks-ANN allows to determine the influence of these factors and to make predictions that improve the process and the quality of the final product which providing the definition of real criteria for the implementation of the technology. This study shows the feasibility of simulating, with feedforward ANN, the composting process at a pilot scale by mixing with biowaste, Filter cake (FC) and star grass (SG). Experiments were carried out with a Box-Bemkhen design, simultaneously evaluating factors such as the mixing ratio (MR) of B:FC:SG (60:20:20, 70: 10: 20 and 65:15:20) and turning frequency (TF) (1, 2 and 3 days were experimented) on variables such as temperature, pH, oxidizable organic carbon and total nitrogen which also allowed to get heuristic models based on ANN. It was found that the MR and TF affect both the process and the quality of the product, presenting the best result at the ratio of 65:25:10 with TF of 2 times per week which is supported by the ANN prediction with an R2 ≥ 0.85 according to the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126551799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A NUMERICAL MODEL FOR DENITRIFICATION OF MUNICIPAL LANDFILL LEACHATE AND PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS ON DENITRIFICATION CONTROLLING FACTORS","authors":"K. Michioku, Kenji Tanaka, Hiroya Tanaka, Kosuke Inoue, Tamihiro Nakamichi, M. Yagi, N. Wada","doi":"10.2495/wm180301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wm180301","url":null,"abstract":"In order to develop a new technology for denitrifying leachate by using fatty acid compounds (FAC), a water quality model was developed by considering balances of nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, carbon, phosphorus and denitrification bacteria involved in leachate denitrification. FAC is expected to function not only as a donor of hydrogen and carbon to nourish and activate denitrification bacteria but also as a reducer of nitrified leachate. Prior to the present study, performance of FAC for denitrifying leachate was confirmed in a laboratory experiment under various conditions of leachate loading discharge and nutrients. Time-dependent behaviours of water quality observed in the experiment were successfully reproduced by the model with high accuracy. The model also provides a solution of denitrification performance as a function of hydraulic retention time, HRT. The proposed water quality model is expected to be a useful engineering tool for planning, designing and constructing a cost-saving leachate treatment system.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126473599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USING BLACK SOLDIER FLIES (HERMETIA ILLUCENS) TO BIOCONVERT WASTE FROM THE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION CHAIN: A LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT CASE STUDY","authors":"R. Spinelli, P. Neri, M. Pini, S. Barbi, M. Montorsi, A. Ferrari","doi":"10.2495/wm180051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wm180051","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to enhance waste from the livestock production chain using insects to produce biomaterials that can fall within the agricultural production cycle (e.g. plastic mulch), in order to achieve sustainability throughout the technological process. After stabilization by drying, mature larvae of Hermetia illucens reared on substrate composed of poultry manure, zeolite and water were chemically separated in the laboratory to extract the proteic, lipidic and chitinic fractions. Proteins were then isolated and added to other components in order to obtain bioplastics. The environmental impacts of the bioplastic production process developed at a laboratory scale was evaluated through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133317863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION ON THE LEACHING OF CONTAMINANTS FROM BALLANGEN TAILINGS DEPOSIT, NORWAY","authors":"Jinmei Lu, F. Yuan","doi":"10.2495/wm180081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wm180081","url":null,"abstract":"The manuscript is supported by the Interreg VA Nord project “MIN-NORTH Development, \u0000Evaluation and Optimization of Measures to Reduce the Impact on the Environment from \u0000Mining Activities in Northern Regions”","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116590913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH SAND PARTIALLY SUBSTITUTED WITH CRUMB RUBBER","authors":"A. Adeboje, W. Kupolati, E. Sadiku, J. Ndambuki","doi":"10.2495/wm180191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/wm180191","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to evaluate the influence of substituting sand content in concrete mixes with small proportions of crumb rubber on the mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete. The influence of crumb rubber on the mechanical properties of the concrete mixes was evaluated at early and prolonged ages, in addition to the conventional standard age. The microstructural property of the crumb rubber modified concrete samples was evaluated by testing and characterizing concrete samples obtained from the central part of the concrete cubes which were cured for 28 days. The properties of concrete samples were obtained from slump, bulk density, compressive strength, split tensile strength, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy tests. The results showed improvement in the mechanical properties of the concrete samples with increase in the age of curing in water. It further revealed that substitution of certain proportion of sand with crumb rubber could result in concrete with slightly improved mechanical properties of the crumb rubber modified concrete whereas substitution of greater quantities of sand with crumb rubber can lead to reduction in the strength parameters of the concrete samples. The microstructural characteristics of the concrete specimens substantiated the trend in the mechanical properties of the concrete samples.","PeriodicalId":103799,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management and the Environment IX","volume":"EM-34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126526412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}