Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023最新文献

{"title":"Learnings from Successful Drilling in Heavily Depleted HPHT Reservoir with Up to 460 Bar Depletion","authors":"Trond Heggheim, J. Andrews","doi":"10.2118/212526-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212526-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gudrun is a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) field on the Norwegian Continental Shelf which has been in production since 2014. The initial development called for predrilling of the producers prior to commencement of production through depletion drive. In 2020 a second drilling campaign was initiated where the goal was to drill several infill producers and two water injection wells. The issue of drilling in heavily depleted reservoirs was highlighted as a major risk since depletion in some of the layers was expected to be in excess of 450 bar. The operational window was small and uncertain, and several risks were anticipated. Differential depletion in this highly layered reservoir, with the potential for penetrating both heavily depleted layers and non-depleted layers, meant that drilling and completion operations required wellbore pressures in excess of the minimum stress in the heavily depleted layers. There was thus a significant risk for lost circulation and escalation to possible well kick/underground blowout events. To mitigate these risks several actions were taken including Managed pressure drilling (MPD), splitting reservoir drilling into several sections, drilling of near vertical reservoir intervals and the use of active Wellbore Strengthening (WBS)/ Lost Circulation Material (LCM) particles in the mud. The use of optimal background WBS particles was complicated in the first two wells due to risk of plugging of lower completions upon production and so compromises were required to the particle sizes that could be used. This paper summarizes the experience from the successful drilling of these infill wells. It confirms that the use of WBS particles is critical in providing a robust drilling window against losses when the Fracture Gradient (FG) is reliant on near wellbore processes and elevated hoop stress around the wellbore to support downhole pressures that exceed minimum stress deeper in the \"body\" of the depleted layers. The experience on Gudrun also suggests that the FG is sensitive to the temperature of the mud when drilling the stiff Gudrun layers. The influence of depletion on the minimum horizontal stress, as determined from this drilling campaign, is also discussed and this is related to rock mechanical tests performed on core plugs from the field.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128352950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of CO2 Emission Reductions from Advanced Vessel Management Solutions by Leveraging the Big Data from Offshore Drilling Operations","authors":"M. Russo, Krishna Kumar Nagalingam., Rune Haakonsen, Rune Loftager, Konstantin Puskarskij","doi":"10.2118/212439-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212439-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper details the successful validation process of advanced DP (Dynamic Positioning) and power management tools and solutions through processing big data from offshore drilling operations. Along with outlining the technical details behind the validation process, the paper also describes how these advanced tools can be applied to pursuing industry sustainability goals by reducing the environmental footprint of offshore drilling operations. Implementation of such a validation process will aid drilling operators to select and prioritize among different emission-reducing technologies and by that ensure that the installed solutions are suitable for the operation.\u0000 The validation mechanism is based on retrieving cloud-stored rig sensor data from the 7th generation drillship operating offshore Angola. The data processing section of the study included data normalization by removing abnormalities in order to establish clean baseline operational parameters to be reproduced by the use of the marine, drilling, and power plant simulators. The combined wind, wave, and climate (metocean) conditions for the entire period were also established and mapped.\u0000 After validation of the analytical model accuracy, the model was advanced with several layers of advanced DP and power management functionalities in addition to energy storage tools and solutions to evaluate efficiency gains from deploying them individually and combined.\u0000 Finally, the paper provides a comparison of efficiency gains (versus the clean baseline analytical model), deploying the said tools and solutions where the efficiencies are detailed as an amount of saved fuel, reduced GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions, and also reduction of maintenance burden on propulsion and power plant machinery.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132521050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facing challenges raised in designing battery based green ships","authors":"J. Prousalidis, E. Sofras, P. Vlachos","doi":"10.5957/some-2023-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/some-2023-021","url":null,"abstract":"Τhis paper presents the major steps of designing the electric energy system of a ship, the main power units of which are electric batteries. Moreover, the paper is concentrated on discussing and highlighting critical aspects, to which attention must be paid, like criteria of selecting battery units, or special considerations regarding the distribution network as well as the earthing scheme. The discussion is supported by a case study comprising 3 different designs of twin-hull vessels developed within the research project “ELCAT”.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131909122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-cylinder pressure prediction for marine engines using machine learning","authors":"Chaitanya Patil, G. Theotokatos, Konstantinos Milioulis","doi":"10.5957/some-2023-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/some-2023-014","url":null,"abstract":"First principle Digital Twins (DT) for marine engines are widely used to estimate in-cylinder pressure, which is a key parameter informing health of ship power plants. However, development and application of DT faces barriers, as they require exhaustive calibration and high computational power, which render their implementation for shipboard systems challenging. This study aims at developing a data-driven DT of low computational cost for predicting instantaneous pressure. Two different approaches using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) with distinct input parameters are assessed. The first predicts in-cylinder pressure as a function of the phase angle, whereas the second predicts the discrete Fourier coefficients (FC) corresponding to the in-cylinder pressure variations. The case study of a conventional medium speed four-stroke diesel marine engine is employed, for which the first principle DT based on a thermodynamic, zero dimensional approach was setup and calibrated against shop trials measurements. The DT is subsequently employed to generate data for training and validating developed ANNs. The derived results demonstrate that the second approach exhibits mean square errors within ±2% and requires the lowest computations cost, rendering it appropriate for marine engines DTs. Sensitivity analysis results verify the amount of training data and number of Fourier coefficients required to achieve adequate accuracy.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133398047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas Migration in PMCD Operations: Instrumented Well Study Provides Fundamental Insights","authors":"G. A. Samdani, S. Rao, Yashwant Moganaradjou, M. Almeida, Mahendra Kunju, E. Upchurch, V. Gupta","doi":"10.2118/212546-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212546-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Significant discrepancy exists between the gas migration rates observed during the field applications of Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD) and the widely used Taylor bubble velocity correlation. This impacts the fluid logistics planning and design of fluid properties for PMCD applications. Pilot-scale experiments and simulations have shown the importance of wellbore length-scale for estimating gas migration velocity (Samdani et al., 2021, 2022). Therefore, an industry-first well-scale study of gas migration in synthetic-based mud (SBM) was performed using a 5200-ft-deep vertical test-well (9-5/8″ × 2-7/8″ casing/tubing) located at Louisiana State University (LSU) well testing facilities. This test well is instrumented with 4 downhole pressure gauges and distributed temperature/acoustics sensing (DTS/DAS) fiber optic cables which were used to track the migrating gas and to determine its velocity. In a typical test, bottomhole pressure (BHP) was maintained, while gas migrated in a shut-in well. Tests were conducted by varying gas injection rate (10-250 gpm), total gas influx size (10-20 bbl), and BHP (2200-4500 psi). Gas migration rates indicated presence of Taylor bubbles at lower pressures (<2000 psi) and relatively smaller cap-bubbles at higher pressures (>2700 psi). The observation of pressure-dependent flow regime transition in a wellbore is one of the significant outcomes of this study. Changes in gas influx rate also influenced the gas migration velocity as it impacts the gas holdup and the rate at which gas can dissolve in comparison with the injection rate, under the prevailing flow regime. As a result, increase in influx rate led to higher gas migration velocity. A numerical model was also developed incorporating the experimentally observed relationship between pressure and transition of flow regime, to translate the test results into useful information and predictions for field PMCD. For example, the impact of reservoir gas solubility on gas migration rates was determined using this model while using the test-results based on nitrogen gas migration. The model results for reservoir gas migration rates in SBM showed a reasonable match with field-PMCD data under similar conditions.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114376929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flywheel and Battery Solution Working Together to Lower Drilling Rig Emissions by Taking Generator Sets Offline","authors":"Borsholm Thomas, Verhoef Richard","doi":"10.2118/212534-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212534-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Emission reduction is the prime focus for the drilling industry, and zero or low emission drillling is the ultimate goal. Zero or low emission drilling in this context is considered to be drilling without the use of the drilling installations generators. The rig is powered by an external (shore) power source. True zero emission drilling will be the case where the power is generated by a zero-emission power source like wind and solar power, hydro power or hydrogen. Operating offshore drilling installations without the use of the onboard generator sets is technically possible by using power peak shaving technology (energy storage system) combined with a DC grid system.\u0000 Power peak shaving is essential to stabilize the power demand from the rig onto the external power source. Without power peak shaving the difference between the average (normal) power consumption and the maximum (short) power consumption is too big for external power sources to efficiently to cope with. The power peaks during the drilling process are generated by the rig equipment and are determined by the operations ongoing. Some equipment has a relative steady power consumption, like mud pumps, but one of the biggest causes for peak power is the drawworks. Drawworks have a relatively small energy consumption due to their intermittent use, but during that use, the peak power (the difference between acceleration and steady hoisting) they demand is huge. The peak shaving solution best suitable here is the flywheel and battery system, where the power peaks are delivered from the energy stored in the rotating flywheel and the battery combined. The major advantage is that the flywheel can absorb a huge amount of power in short periods, while the batteries will supply the steadier power supply. The bonus here is that the breaking energy (i.e., from lowering a drill string into the well) generated by the drawworks can be used to power up the flywheel battery system.\u0000 Offshore drilling installations typically have a bus system, to distribute the power from the generators to the users. Power reliability is critical for the operation of the vessel and a complete power system black out can be disastrous. By having a split between the generators and users, extra care is taken that a single generator failure can lead to complete system black out. This bus system will prevent communication between one bus and a second bus, unless closed bus (bus tie) drilling is done. It also means that not all users are connected to one bus only; the drawworks motors are power by 2-3 separate busses, which in turn mean that the same number of generators will also be running. For shore power situations, this becomes impractical; there is only one power source (‘the shore power’) and yet, this source needs to distribute the power over the available busses on board the rig. The way to safely achieve this is by having a DC/DC grid system, which provides better redundancy compared to closed tie/closed bus drilling","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122009219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progress on the Transparent Prediction of the Added Resistance and Powering of a Ship in Waves","authors":"Shukui Liu, A. Papanikolaou","doi":"10.5957/some-2023-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/some-2023-031","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments of international regulations on the energy-efficiency and safety of ships and their impact on marine operations and on the environment are driving the ship design and operation to new frontiers. In this context, the accurate prediction of the added resistance of a ship in seaways became a research subject of priority. Considerable effort was devoted by global researchers to the development of new methods to meet the urgent demand of the industry. Among these new methods, the SHOPERA-NTUA-NTU-MARIC (SNNM) method (Liu & Papanikolaou, 2020) was validated by the 29th ITTC Specialist Committee on Ships in Operation at Sea with satisfactory results, demonstrating a broader applicability and higher accuracy than other comparable methods (Wang et al., 2021). Thereafter, it was adopted in the ITTC recommended procedures for analyzing sea trial results and the IMO guidelines for the determination of the minimum propulsive power in adverse condition. In addition to highlighting the features of the SNNM method, this paper will discuss the challenges in improving the method and recent progresses. A new form of empirical diagrams is presented for practical uses.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127495883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Becoming an HPHT World Class Project, the Valemon experience 2012-2017","authors":"S. L. Paulus, Hendry Shen, Hany Ahmed Beeh","doi":"10.2118/212448-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212448-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objective of this case study is to share essential learnings from the planning and execution of the first drilling and completion campaign in the Valemon field throughout the period of 2012-2017 with a total delivery of 17 wells. The case study will give an overview of the Valemon field, geology of the area and well design. The development of well trajectory became longer and more challenging as the geology targets moved farther away from the platform. Several major challenges and learnings were experienced during execution such as enabling one run strategy in 17-1/2\" section, updating well path strategy to improve borehole stability, managing overburden gas responses in 12-1/4\" section, and section target depth strategy for 12-1/4\" section.\u0000 Continuous learnings from sessions such as Improve Well on Paper (IWOP), Drill Well on Paper (DWOP), Subsurface Action Review (SAR), Subsurface After-Action Review (SAAR), operational procedures after action review, experience reports, and post well meetings enabled the project to reduce the time and cost per well. It took 160, 111, and 166 days respectively to complete the first three wells. The last well was delivered in 62 days. By the end of the campaign in November 2017, the Valemon project delivered four (4) extra wells compared to the original plan of thirteen (13) wells, while spending 500 million NOK-2017 (Norwegian Kroner with 2017 currency) or 60 million USD-2017 (United States Dollar with 2017 currency) less than the planned budget. Moreover, the entire drilling campaign was completed without any well control incidents.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"2008 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129684036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Fidelity Finite Element Modeling of Complex Ship Structures: The Particular Case of a Passenger Vessel","authors":"Periklis Ntaoularis, Nicholas E. Silionis, K. Anyfantis","doi":"10.5957/some-2023-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/some-2023-024","url":null,"abstract":"Α large impulse is shown towards the development of a digital representation of the hull that will serve the purpose of constructing a structural digital twin that will eventually accompany the vessel throughout its lifetime. This work showcases the challenges encountered during the development process of a high fidelity finite element model of a particular vessel, that is the case of a 16.5 m aluminum passenger ship. The aim of the simulation is to reveal the detailed stress distribution, evaluate the results and define the acceptance criteria with respect to the allowable stress limits for the static structural analysis, as derived in accordance with the DNV guidelines (DNV 2021).","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124786263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensive hullform optimization studies for a series of small electric catamaran ferries","authors":"A. Kanellopoulou, G. Zaraphonitis, G. Grigoropoulos, Dimitris Liarokapis","doi":"10.5957/some-2023-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/some-2023-023","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrodynamic hull form optimization of a series of zero emission, battery driven, moderate speed catamaran ferries is presented. Based on specified design requirements regarding a vessel’s main characteristics, namely length and beam overall, displacement and speed, a formal optimization study is performed, aiming to identify favorable hullforms with minimum total resistance in calm water. To this end, a parametric model for the elaboration of alternative hull designs based on a set of design parameters has been developed, while the total resistance of each hull is evaluated by potential flow calculations. A series of promising design alternatives derived by the optimization study have been re-evaluated by more accurate viscous flow calculations. Finally, the best performing hullforms are tank-tested at the towing tank of NTUA’s Ship and Marine Hydrodynamics Laboratory.","PeriodicalId":103776,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 08, 2023","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126798615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}