Clinical and Experimental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Integrative analysis of glioblastoma multiforme: the power of non-coding RNAs and hub genes in cancer research.","authors":"Ahmad Golestanifar, Hossein Lajmiri, Mohammadreza Saberiyan","doi":"10.1007/s10238-025-01677-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01677-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to dissect the complex molecular landscape of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), focusing on identifying key regulatory non-coding RNAs and protein-coding genes that could serve as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. GBM is an aggressive form of brain cancer characterized by poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Recent advances in high-throughput genomic technologies have opened new avenues for understanding the molecular underpinnings of GBM, with a particular focus on the roles of ncRNAs. We utilized multiple datasets from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to analyze mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA expression profiles in GBM versus normal brain tissues. Differential expression analysis was conducted using GEO2R, followed by pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses using DAVID and STRING databases, respectively. Hub genes were identified and validated through GEPIA2, and a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed to elucidate the interactions between non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and protein-coding genes. The study identified several differentially expressed genes and ncRNAs, highlighting complex interactions within the PPI network and significant pathway enrichments implicated in GBM progression. The ceRNA network analysis revealed potential regulatory axes mediated by ncRNAs. Validation of hub genes confirmed their differential expression and prognostic value. Additionally, correlations between gene expression, drug sensitivity, and immune cell infiltration were analyzed, offering insights into personalized therapeutic approaches. Our findings underscore the intricate molecular networks in GBM, emphasizing the role of ncRNAs in tumor biology and their potential as therapeutic targets. The study highlights the necessity for further experimental validation of bioinformatics predictions to bridge the gap between genomic insights and clinical application, ultimately aiming to enhance the prognosis and treatment strategies for GBM patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10337,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic and therapeutic potential of copper-induced cell death-related lncRNAs in lung squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Zhe Tian, Lilan Cen, Haoming Hua, Feng Wei, Jue Dong, Yulan Huang, Zhibo Wang, Junhua Deng, Yujie Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s10238-025-01663-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01663-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), a major subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, remains challenging to treat due to poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. This study investigates the prognostic and therapeutic implications of copper-induced cell death-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in LUSC using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Five lncRNAs (AC010328.1, LINC01740, AL358613.2, MIR3945HG, AC002467.1) were identified as independent prognostic markers and incorporated into a risk score model to stratify patients into high- and low-risk groups. Survival analyses revealed significant differences in overall survival, with the high-risk group exhibiting higher immune evasion potential and poorer response to immunotherapy. Functional enrichment analyses highlighted the involvement of these lncRNAs in drug metabolism and tumor biology. Furthermore, tumor mutation burden analysis and immune dysfunction evaluation confirmed the clinical relevance of the model, identifying high-risk patients as more sensitive to targeted drugs such as Quizartinib and Dasatinib. A Nomogram integrating lncRNA risk scores and clinical factors demonstrated robust predictive accuracy for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival outcomes. This study provides novel biomarkers and actionable insights for improving prognostic assessment and personalizing immunotherapy strategies for LUSC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10337,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokine profiles as predictive biomarkers for treatment outcomes in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing PD-1 blockade immunochemotherapy: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Fumeng Yang, Zakari Shaibu, Qian Liu, Wei Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10238-025-01676-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01676-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunotherapy, specifically PD-1 blockade, is a promising treatment for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, predicting patient response is challenging. Cytokines, key immune response regulators, could be important biomarkers for forecasting patient outcomes and susceptibility to PD-1 blockade immunochemotherapy in AGC. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the potential of cytokine profiles as predictive biomarkers for treatment outcomes in patients with AGC undergoing immunochemotherapy. Meta-analysis. Original studies on the evaluation of various serum samples of cytokines in AGC patients after immunochemotherapy were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, with a focus on literature published up to October 31, 2023. Data from multiple studies were pooled to analyze the impact of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ expression on treatment outcomes using RevMan 5.4.1. Prospero ID: CRD42024557837. Five studies were included. In AGC patients receiving immunochemotherapy, high levels of IL-4 were correlated with enhanced PFS following therapy. In contrast, there were no significant differences observed in the expression of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ for PFS in AGC after treatment. Notably, elevated IL-6 expression was significantly associated with poorer OS in AGC patients undergoing immunochemotherapy. The findings suggest that expression levels of cytokines, particularly IL-4 and IL-6, play a significant role in predicting treatment outcomes in AGC patients undergoing immunochemotherapy. Further research is warranted to validate these results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10337,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of chromatin remodeling-related gene signature to predict the prognosis in breast cancer.","authors":"Jing Feng, Zhiqiang Chen, Yu Wang, Yinghao Liu, Danni Zhao, Xiaodong Gu","doi":"10.1007/s10238-025-01661-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01661-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growing evidence highlights the critical role of chromatin remodeling in tumor development and progression. This study explores the relationship between chromatin remodeling-related genes (CRRGs) and breast cancer (BRCA). Public databases were used to retrieve the TCGA-BRCA and GSE20685 datasets. CRRGs were sourced from prior studies. Prognosis-associated CRRGs were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis. TCGA-BRCA BRCA samples were grouped into CRRG-related subtypes through consensus clustering analysis. Differential expression analysis was conducted in TCGA-BRCA (BRAC vs. control) and among subtypes to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Candidate genes were obtained through the intersection of these DEGs. Prognostic genes were selected using univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses. Independent prognostic factors were identified, and a nomogram model was developed. Functional enrichment, immune infiltration, clinical relevance, and drug sensitivity analyses were subsequently performed. TCGA-BRCA BRCA samples were classified into two CRRG-related subtypes (clusters 1 and 2) based on prognosis-associated CRRGs. A total of 141 candidate genes were identified by intersecting 250 DEGs (cluster 1 vs. cluster 2) with 3,145 DEGs (BRCA vs. control). Five prognostic genes-LHX5, ZP2, GABRQ, APOA2, and CLCNKB-were selected, and a prognostic risk model was developed. In clinical samples, APOA2 (P = 0.0290) and GABRQ (P = 0.0132) expression were significantly up-regulated, CLCNKB (P < 0.0001) and ZP2 (P = 0.0445) expression were significantly down-regulated, while LHX5 (P = 0.1508) expression did not present a significant difference. A nomogram was created, and calibration and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated its superior predictive ability for BRCA. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) revealed 16 pathways, such as \"mTORC1 signaling\" and \"E2F targets,\" were enriched in the high-risk group, while 9 pathways, including \"estrogen response early\" and \"myogenesis,\" were enriched in the low-risk group. Additionally, significant differences in immune cell types, including CD8⁺ T cells and follicular helper T cells, were observed between the two risk groups. The risk score was also significantly associated with six drugs, including AZD1332 1463 and SB505124 1194. This study presents a prognostic model based on five genes (LHX5, ZP2, GABRQ, APOA2, and CLCNKB) for BRCA, offering a novel perspective on the link between CRRGs and BRCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10337,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary trajectory of undifferentiated connective tissue disease and impact of 2019 EULAR/ACR systemic lupus erythematosus classification criteria: insights from a longitudinal study.","authors":"Claudia Ciancarella, Fulvia Ceccarelli, Licia Picciariello, Francesco Natalucci, Alessandra Ida Celia, Cristina Garufi, Silvia Mancuso, Giuseppe Tripodi, Simona Truglia, Angelica Gattamelata, Francesca Romana Spinelli, Cristiano Alessandri, Fabrizio Conti","doi":"10.1007/s10238-025-01668-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01668-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) is a condition characterized by serological evidence of autoimmunity and occurrence of clinical symptoms suggestive for systemic autoimmune diseases, yet not fulfilling specific classification/diagnostic criteria. In the present longitudinal, observational, retrospective study, we aimed at analysing the evolution of UCTD course, focussing on the impact of 2019 EULAR/ACR classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Since 2008 we consecutively collected data about UCTD patients. All subjects were evaluated every six months, to record the development of clinical and laboratory features suggestive for specific autoimmune diseases. Finally, we retrospectively applied the 2019 EULAR/ACR SLE classification criteria at the first and last visit in our outpatient clinic. All the patients included in the study had been evaluated at our Lupus Clinic before the release of 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria. We included 201 UCTD patients [F/M 191/10, median age at first visit 46 years (IQR 21), median disease duration at first visit 3 years (IQR 9)]. At the first visit, 27 patients (13.4%) already met 2019 EULAR/ACR SLE classification criteria. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated the association between SLE classification and thrombocytopenia, anti-dsDNA/anti-Sm positivity, low C4 levels, joint involvement. During a mean observation period of 45.9 ± 35.6 months, 18.9% of patients were lost to follow-up, while 141 patients were followed. At last visit, additional 11 patients (7.8%) could be classified as having SLE. A relevant proportion of UCTD patients could be reclassified as having SLE according to the most recent classification criteria. Thrombocytopenia, anti-DNA/anti-Sm positivity and low C4 levels represent the most associated factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10337,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12045818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A unifying model for multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Daniel Jonathan Park","doi":"10.1007/s10238-025-01666-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01666-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with unresolved cause that has been the subject of intensive research. A variety of putative models have been proposed to explain the course of disease. The preeminent mechanisms are suggested to be based on autoimmunity, including via viral epitope mimicry, although difficulties with a classical autoimmunity model for MS have been described. One prior idea that incorporates consideration of viral-self-cross-reactivity is that reactivated HHV-6A virus might induce subsequent reactivation of another virus, EBV, in a relay, resulting in a cascade of downstream consequences. Here, an alternative model for MS is proposed. This posits a viral reactivation relay in which EBV reactivation in the brain precedes HHV-6A reactivation in oligodendrocytes and neurons. At this juncture, relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) can ensue to generate characteristic lesions, dominated by outbreaks of viral reactivation and CD8+T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and inflammation. Additionally, self-targeting antibodies can be raised to mark the onset of progressive MS in a subset of patients. This model harmonises a plethora of prior evidence from diverse fields. It is suggested that future studies should challenge this new model for MS and that it provides direction for future approaches to prevention and therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10337,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12043774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iodinated contrast media (ICM)-induced thyroid dysfunction: a review of potential mechanisms and clinical management.","authors":"Yaxi Hu, Xia Zhong, Dan Peng, Lihong Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10238-025-01664-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01664-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iodinated contrast media (ICM) are extensively utilized in medical imaging to enhance tissue contrast, yet their impact on thyroid function has attracted increasing attention in recent years. ICM can induce thyroid dysfunction, with reported prevalence ranging from 1 to 15% and a higher incidence observed in individuals with pre-existing thyroid conditions or other risk factors like age, gender, underlying health issues, and repeated ICM exposure. This review summarized the classification of ICM and the potential mechanisms, risk assessment, and clinical management of ICM-induced thyroid dysfunction, especially in vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and elderly patients. Despite advancements that have enriched our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of ICM-induced thyroid dysfunction, critical knowledge gaps remain, such as the long-term effects of ICM on thyroid function, the dose-response relationship between ICM volume and thyroid dysfunction risk, and the ecological impacts of ICM. Therefore, further exploration of the underlying mechanisms of ICM-induced thyroid dysfunction and optimization of the management strategies will be crucial for the safe and effective use of ICM in clinical practice, and collaborative efforts between clinicians and researchers are essential to ensure that the risks of thyroid dysfunction do not outweigh the benefits of imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":10337,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-derived fat fraction to assess liver steatosis in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"LingZhi Meng, JinXia Wang, Hui Yang, YiXuan Hu, ZongLi Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10238-025-01635-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01635-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of ultrasound-derived fat fraction (UDFF) in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Evaluate the diagnostic value of UDFF for MAFLD. This study included 124 obese PCOS patients and 106 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched obese women, collecting clinical data from both groups. Compare the characteristics and related factors of hepatic steatosis between two groups. A total of 124 obese PCOS patients were divided into MAFLD group (n = 64) and no MAFLD group (n = 60). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors for MAFLD in obese PCOS patients, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between UDFF and various variables. The MAFLD group was further divided into mild group (S1, n = 16), moderate group (S2, n = 24), and severe group (S3, n = 24). Based on the ultrasound results, draw a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for diagnosing the degree of hepatic steatosis in obese PCOS patients using UDFF. MAFLD was more common in the obese PCOS group than in the simple obese group (51.61% vs. 40.57%, P < 0.05). UDFF is positively correlated with the severity of MAFLD (r = 0.603, P < 0.01). The AUC for diagnosing liver steatosis with S ≥ 1, S ≥ 2, and S = 3 using UDFF is 0.935, 0.951, and 0.916. UDFF has certain diagnostic value for metabolic-related fatty liver disease in obese PCOS patients, and UDFF levels gradually increase with the severity of MAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10337,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12041043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"m6A hypermethylation of TCF-1 regulated by METTL16 promotes acute myeloid leukemia.","authors":"Jingyi Li, Hui Kang","doi":"10.1007/s10238-025-01669-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01669-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methyltransferase 16 (METTL16) functions as an oncogene in various cancer, including leukemia. However, the role of METTL16 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is scarcely reported. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of METTL16 in AML.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RT-qPCR was used to METTL16 expression in AML patients and healthy control. m6A levels was determined using m6A assay. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) assay applied for determining m6A hypermethylation of T cell factor 1 (TCF-1) transcripts in AML cells. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell functions were analyzed using flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>METTL16 is upregulated in AML patients. High levels of METTL16 were associated with poor prognosis of AML patients. Functionally, METTL16 deficiency promoted the persistence and tumor-killing ability of CAR-T cells. Moreover, METTL16 deficiency promoted the differentiation of CAR-T cells into TCF-1 precursor exhausted T cells (T_PEX). METTL16 mediated the m6A modification of TCF-1 and inhibited its mRNA expression and stability. TCF-1 deficiency promoted the exhaustion and inhibited the self-renewal ability of T cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, METTL16 deficiency promoted the persistence of CAR-T cells and memory formation in AML. Therefore, targeting METTL16 may stimulate the anti-tumor immunity in AML.</p>","PeriodicalId":10337,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of pathology and treatment of staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis.","authors":"Muguo Song, Jian Sun, Kehan Lv, Junyi Li, Jian Shi, Yongqing Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10238-025-01595-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-025-01595-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteomyelitis (OM) is an inflammation of the bone and bone marrow triggered by infectious pathogens which may induce progressive bone destruction. The majority of OM cases, especially the chronic OM cases, are induced by the most prevalent and devastating pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), partially due to its resistance mechanisms against the immune system and antibiotic therapies. Regarding the high rate of morbidity and recurrence in patients, it is pivotal to elucidate underlying mechanisms that how S. aureus enter and survive in hosts. The accumulated discoveries have identified multiple distinct strategies associated with chronicity and recurrence include biofilm development, small colony variants (SCVs), staphylococcus abscess communities (SACs), the osteocyte lacuno-canalicular network invasion (OLCN) of cortical bones, and S. aureus protein A (SpA). Unfortunately, little clinical progress has been achieved for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment for OM patients, indicating that numerous questions remain to be solved. Therefore, we still have a long way to obtain the clear elucidation of the host-pathogen interactions which could be applied for clinical treatment of OM. In this review, we provide insights of current knowledge about how S. aureus evades immune eradication and remains persistent in hosts with recent discoveries. The common and novel treatment strategies for OM are also described. The purpose of this review is to have in-dept understanding of S. aureus OM and bring new perspectives to therapeutic fields which may be translated to the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":10337,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}