{"title":"Alternative drive solutions for the cement industry","authors":"A. B. Amin","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006499","url":null,"abstract":"In the cement industry many critical applications like kiln drives, apron and belt feeders drives, feeder breaker drives, reclaimers and excavators drives, inching drives, grinder drives etc. have seen an increased popularity of a direct hydraulic drive as an alternative to electromechanical drives. This paper explains advantages and comparison between various alternative drives based on performance, efficiency, reliability, and flexibility towards productivity.","PeriodicalId":103359,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCS 2002 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.02CH37282)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114776660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solving raw material challenges [cement industry]","authors":"L. Hills, V. Johansen, F. Miller","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006501","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive understanding of the chemical and physical aspects of raw material transformation into clinker is an important foundation to increasing production, reducing costs, and improving quality at the cement plant. Clinker formation relies on numerous kiln feed properties and pyroprocessing conditions. Understanding the influential properties of the feed (chemistry, fineness, uniformity, and mineralogy) can lead to improvements in its burnability and therefore in the efficiency of plant operations. The paper discusses clinker formation, its relation to kiln feed properties, and the importance of optimizing burnability by careful mix control, good mix homogeneity, and tailoring the burning process to the raw mix. The burnability and kiln feed are discussed in relation to specific fuel consumption. When the raw materials available make it hard to achieve burnability goals, the use of fluxes and/or mineralizers may be helpful. Fluxes and mineralizers indirectly affect burnability by promoting clinker phase formation to occur earlier; their effect on clinker formation and cement quality is briefly described. Fluoride-containing compounds have proven to be the most effective mineralizers in cement clinkering reactions. However, an excessive amount of fluoride may delay cement setting time. Emphasis is placed on the effects of changes in raw material burnability and clinker formation on kiln operations, finish mill productivity, and the properties of the resulting cement.","PeriodicalId":103359,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCS 2002 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.02CH37282)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130498735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Replacement of a wound rotor motor with an adjustable speed drive for a 1400 kW kiln exhaust gas fan","authors":"R. Menz, F. Opprecht","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006497","url":null,"abstract":"The use of adjustable speed drives for process fan applications in the cement industry is already well established. However, a variety of solutions are possible due to different requirements and influences in a particular application. The paper describes the project concerning a conversion of a fan drive from fixed speed to variable speed. The different variants, which have been investigated, are stated and the final solution is shown in detail. Furthermore, all relevant concerns for the final decision making such as costs, reliability and efficiency were analyzed. The energy savings and process advantages by means of applying an adjustable speed drive are pointed out and a ROI calculation justifies the expenditures.","PeriodicalId":103359,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCS 2002 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.02CH37282)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132935267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"Staged\" combustion for low-NO/sub x/ calciners","authors":"B. Keefe, R. Shenk","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006511","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents NO/sub x/ reduction theory for cement plants. From NO/sub x/ reduction theory, it is hypothesized that an in-line calciner that combines high temperature combustion and firing under the strongest possible reducing conditions (without staging air or staging fuel) results both in the simplest calciner configuration and in the lowest possible NO/sub x/ and CO emissions. This hypothesis is supported by actual NO/sub x/ and CO emissions results from several US cement plants.","PeriodicalId":103359,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCS 2002 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.02CH37282)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114891301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE-IAS/PCS 2002 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.02CH37282)","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/citcon.2002.1006465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/citcon.2002.1006465","url":null,"abstract":"The following topics are dealt with: cement industry; power generation. power distribution; electric drives; general practices; environmental factors; maintenance; safety; and automation.","PeriodicalId":103359,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCS 2002 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.02CH37282)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129778826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commissioning a 2.2 mt/y cement plant in Midlothian, Texas","authors":"Marc A. Wurman, W. Brown","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006500","url":null,"abstract":"TXI operates and maintains a cement plant in Midlothian, Texas. The original plant consisted of four wet process lines with a yearly clinker production of about 1088400 mtpy (1200000 stpy). The fuels utilized are natural gas and coal along with waste fuels. With the increasing demand for cement in the Texas market, TXI decided to expand the plant capacity by adding a large dry process clinker production line and shut down two of the existing wet kiln lines. Due to strict environmental restrictions, the plant's overall clinker production after the capacity increase had to be achieved while maintaining the new stringent emission permit limits. This was a challenge as the raw materials contain significant amounts of carbon and pyritic sulfur. TXI commissioned equipment for a new 2200000 stpy (6000 stpd) dry clinker production line, designed and supplied by FL Smidth Inc., that more than doubled the yearly capacity of the existing facility. This modem clinker production line incorporates all of the latest technology, in terms of chemical control, emissions control and abatement, and process features that allows the plant to operate under these strict environmental conditions. This paper covers TXI's expansion project and identifies the relevant system design issues and operational results.","PeriodicalId":103359,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCS 2002 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.02CH37282)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125823882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Upgrading the process control system at GCC Rio Grande's Tijeras, New Mexico plant","authors":"O. Aragonez, O. Aguilar, L. Cockrell","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006516","url":null,"abstract":"The Tijeras, New Mexico plant is located about 6 miles east of Albuquerque just south of Interstate 40 nestled in the Southern Rocky mountains. The plant is in Tijeras (Spanish for Scissors) canyon at an elevation of 6,300 feet or 1920 meters above sea level. It was originally built by Ideal Cement Company, and the first clinker from the new plant was produced on May 6, 1959. This paper describes a project to upgrade this cement plant's process control system.","PeriodicalId":103359,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCS 2002 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.02CH37282)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116231154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Total Integrated Device Operation Network (TIDON) [for cement plant automation]","authors":"M. Voigt, F. Smidth","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006529","url":null,"abstract":"Uniformity of the network in the area of automation has led to positive developments not only in flexibility but also in minimising the initial installation costs and the commissioning time. The concept of \"TIDON\" Total Integrated Device Operating Network has major advantages for the integration of all components together with an overall design of communication interface between the devices. The integration of all the components has now become possible between different vendors products, however we must not neglect potential problems arising from this opportunity. Even though it may seem attractive to use standard components from different vendors to reduce purchasing costs, we most not ignore the complexity of integrating components from different original purpose of design. This paper highlights the concept that the authors are using in the process control system for cement plants, underlining the benefit from this environment in the prospect of technical and commercial issues.","PeriodicalId":103359,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCS 2002 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.02CH37282)","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133362287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Large project effectiveness using plant personnel","authors":"J. Sommers, D. Larson","doi":"10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.2002.1006509","url":null,"abstract":"In late 1995 Holcim (US) Inc. decided to build a new dry process cement plant at its Devil's Slide, Utah plant site to replace an older wet process plant. One of the desired outcomes was to reach consistent and full operation in a timely and efficient manner. In order to facilitate that success and short term goal, it was decided to make extensive use of plant employees to smooth the progress of the construction process. These employees were taken completely out of the existing plant operation and worked full time on the new plant project. The design/build philosophy allowed the plant employees working on the project to have input on the way the plant was designed. The result was that the start-up of the new plant was very successful. Knowledge gained by the plant employees on the project was passed on to all plant personnel. The consequence of having plant personnel involved was that when the plant was started the process was understood by the employees. They felt a real responsibility to see the project succeed because they were involved from the beginning.","PeriodicalId":103359,"journal":{"name":"IEEE-IAS/PCS 2002 Cement Industry Technical Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.02CH37282)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115777256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}