Data in SocietyPub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.2307/J.CTVMD84WN.23
S. Ruane
{"title":"Access to data and NHS privatisation:","authors":"S. Ruane","doi":"10.2307/J.CTVMD84WN.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/J.CTVMD84WN.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":103233,"journal":{"name":"Data in Society","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133131957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data in SocietyPub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvmd84wn.7
H. Southall, Jeff Evans, S. Ruane
{"title":"General introduction","authors":"H. Southall, Jeff Evans, S. Ruane","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvmd84wn.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvmd84wn.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":103233,"journal":{"name":"Data in Society","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114813505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data in SocietyPub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0017
Rebecca Boden
{"title":"The financial system: money makes the world go around","authors":"Rebecca Boden","doi":"10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that money is data reified through financial systems, which in turn constitute and reflect dominant global power structures. Financial systems have hegemonic power over the ‘real economy’, significantly affecting the everyday lives of citizens. This is less data in society but rather data as society. Financial systems comprise a myriad of interacting actors and technologies. Financialisation is enabled through escalating debt and its securitisation, by which debt is turned into a tradeable commodity. The chapter gives examples of student debt and public service provision as examples of how our social lives are now determined by the operations of data-led financial markets. The scale and complexity of financial systems’ activities makes regulatory control and democratic accountability problematic. In particular, control over or regulation of financial systems requires access to data – transparency. The chapter discusses the manipulation of Libor – an important financial data index – and the tax system to explain how data in financial systems is relatively easy to manipulate and hide. In a globalised world, the interconnectedness, speed and scale of data all conspire to make finance a ‘dark domain’.","PeriodicalId":103233,"journal":{"name":"Data in Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124907984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data in SocietyPub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0018
P. Sikka
{"title":"The difficulty of building comprehensive tax avoidance data","authors":"P. Sikka","doi":"10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Tax avoidance has become a prominent feature of contemporary media coverage. It shows that complex corporate structures and transactions are used at home and abroad to enable corporations and wealthy elites to avoid taxes. In this process they are aided by the private banking, legal, accounting, and investment industries. Due to secrecy and confidentiality attached in individual and corporate tax affairs, the amounts of tax revenues lost due to unlawful practices (often called tax evasion), competing interpretations of law (some call it tax avoidance) and a variety of other factors are hard to estimate, but competing models provide a glimpse. This chapter argues that it is difficult to reveal the full extent of tax revenues lost and identifies some of the reasons why this is so. It is difficult if not impossible, to build a comprehensive picture partly because tax avoiding transactions frequently give the appearance of normal transactions and partly because the limited staffing and financial capacity of HMRC makes thorough investigation and prosecution where necessary impossible in all cases.","PeriodicalId":103233,"journal":{"name":"Data in Society","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122206906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data in SocietyPub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0019
David K. Walker
{"title":"Tax and spend decisions: did austerity improve financial numeracy and literacy?","authors":"David K. Walker","doi":"10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Democracy requires public understanding of the numbers underpinning tax and spend decisions. Austerity is the programme of government cuts in the UK since 2010. One might have expected this to have directed attention to political arithmetic and through improved public financial knowledge to have enhanced UK democracy. The flow of information has been deepened by the Office of Budget Responsibility, Whole of Government Accounts and the activism of the National Audit Office and the Commons Public Accounts Committee. In principle, the public could know more. Such developments sit comfortably with political commitments to restrain the state and sharpen its accountability and effectiveness. Yet austerity itself was necessitated by reference to ‘magical’ numbers – about spending and debt -- and aided and abetted by media mishandling of fiscal data. The decade from 2010 has also seen government ministers resist transparency in tax affairs, abandon financial accountability in health (in England) and condone the drying up of data across a swathe of social policy, especially welfare and education. It is hard to say that on balance the ‘fiscal conversation’ is any better informed. If ending austerity and assent to higher tax depend on better public understanding of numbers, prospects do not look bright.","PeriodicalId":103233,"journal":{"name":"Data in Society","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133396929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data in SocietyPub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0028
J. Ridgway, J. Nicholson, Sinclair Sutherland, Spencer Hedger
{"title":"Critical statistical literacy and interactive data visualisations","authors":"J. Ridgway, J. Nicholson, Sinclair Sutherland, Spencer Hedger","doi":"10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Large amounts of data, relevant to decision making and political argument, are now available. However, these data are often accessible only to people with reasonably developed skills in data acquisition and exploration; less skilled users must depend on interpretations by others. This chapter shows how large amounts of evidence relevant to decision making can be made accessible to a broad public, via software the authors have developed and made widely available. The Constituency Explorer resulted from a collaboration between the House of Commons Library and Durham University, and was designed to support analysis and decision making in the 2015 and 2017 UK general elections. It facilitates access to 150 variables for each of the 650 parliamentary constituencies in the UK, which can be explored in an interactive way. The authors describe the design and features of the interface, and some of the ways it has been used. Finally, they outline some strategies for public engagement which include ‘gamification’ via a quiz accessible to smartphones.","PeriodicalId":103233,"journal":{"name":"Data in Society","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125601532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data in SocietyPub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvmd84wn.37
K. Bloor
{"title":"Lyme disease politics and evidence-based policy making in the UK","authors":"K. Bloor","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvmd84wn.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvmd84wn.37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":103233,"journal":{"name":"Data in Society","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115090349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data in SocietyPub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0024
Jeff Evans, L. Simpson
{"title":"The Radical Statistics Group: using statistics for progressive social change","authors":"Jeff Evans, L. Simpson","doi":"10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/POLICYPRESS/9781447348214.003.0024","url":null,"abstract":"The UK-based Radical Statistics Group has a long-standing role in shaping statistics to support progressive social change. It has worked to demystify and critique official statistics, and to trace the consequences of using statistical models and their assumptions The Group has used its energies to encourage statistical literacy and campaigning effectiveness among progressive groups that seek its help. Its early days from the 1970s were characterised by a range of ‘progressive’ publications and well-received interventions in crucial debates and official consultations. In the 1990s it contributed to the wave of reforms of statistical outputs and procedures brought to fruition by the incoming Labour government. At the current time it provides ongoing resources of annual conferences, regular journal and email, a website and social media. Campaigns are often developed outside Radical Statistics structures, but with the key support of RadStats contacts, resources and ideas. At a time when it is archiving its first forty years of papers in the Welcome Library, Radical Statistics envisages a future enhanced by the activity of a range of allies, and the resources they provide, so as to formulate effective alternatives to the dominant discourses of our time.","PeriodicalId":103233,"journal":{"name":"Data in Society","volume":"136 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133287769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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