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A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests最新文献

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Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing 术前心肺运动试验
A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198702467.003.0016
W. Kinnear, J. Blakey
{"title":"Preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing","authors":"W. Kinnear, J. Blakey","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198702467.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198702467.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses how the results of a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) can be used for preoperative surgical planning. A low preoperative maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) is associated with a poor outcome. The lower the VO2max, the worse the prognosis. Use of the anaerobic threshold is less reliable. The CPET may identify clinical problems which can be optimized prior to surgery. Pre-habilitation can improve the chances of a good outcome from surgery.","PeriodicalId":102843,"journal":{"name":"A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests","volume":"309 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124232608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Respiratory compensation point 呼吸代偿点
A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198702467.003.0011
W. Kinnear, J. Blakey
{"title":"Respiratory compensation point","authors":"W. Kinnear, J. Blakey","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198702467.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198702467.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes how acidaemia stimulates ventilation in the later stages of a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). This happens after the anaerobic threshold, once the capacity of the blood to buffer lactic acid has been used up. The respiratory compensation point (RCP) can be identified from an increase in the slope when minute ventilation (VE) is plotted against carbon dioxide output (VCO2), or from a rise in the ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide (VeqCO2). The presence of a clear RCP indicates that the subject has made a fairly maximal effort during the CPET. An RCP also argues against significant lung disease, since it implies the ability to increase ventilation in response to acidaemia.","PeriodicalId":102843,"journal":{"name":"A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127278508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Carbon dioxide output 二氧化碳排放量
A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198702467.003.0007
W. Kinnear, J. Blakey
{"title":"Carbon dioxide output","authors":"W. Kinnear, J. Blakey","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198702467.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198702467.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes how carbon dioxide is produced from metabolism and also from buffering of lactic acid. The volume of carbon dioxide exhaled (VCO2) is calculated from the concentration in exhaled gas and minute ventilation. If the lungs are less efficient than normal, with a high dead space, the amount of ventilation needed to achieve any given VCO2 is much higher. This index, known as the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide, is an important prognostic marker. Early on in a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), VCO2 is slightly less than the oxygen uptake (VO2). As exercise reaches its maximum, VCO2 increases more quickly when acidaemia starts to stimulate ventilation.","PeriodicalId":102843,"journal":{"name":"A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124997927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Presentation of results 展示结果
A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198702467.003.0013
W. Kinnear, J. Blakey
{"title":"Presentation of results","authors":"W. Kinnear, J. Blakey","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198702467.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198702467.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explains how a combination of tables and graphs are needed to analyse a cardiopulmonary exercise test, and how to navigate through them. The nine-panel display is the most common format, but a series of four-panel plots are sometimes used. Much of the most useful information can be presented in a single four-panel plot. The steps of the ABCDEF approach are as follows: Accurate—are the test results valid? Best—did the subject push themselves? Capacity—is exercise capacity impaired? Detect—what limited exercise? Extra value—is there any other useful information which can add value to the report? Finish—review all the graphs again before concluding.","PeriodicalId":102843,"journal":{"name":"A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115251724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Respiratory exchange ratio 呼吸交换率
A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198702467.003.0008
W. Kinnear, J. Blakey
{"title":"Respiratory exchange ratio","authors":"W. Kinnear, J. Blakey","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198702467.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198702467.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes how the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is calculated by dividing carbon dioxide output (VCO2) by the oxygen uptake (VO2). At the start of a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), this ratio is less than 1.0. Once anaerobic metabolism starts to kick in, more carbon dioxide is produced from buffering of lactic acid and the RER starts to climb. At peak exercise, RER values of 1.4 or higher indicate that the subject’s effort is pretty maximal. An erratic RER trace is seen in dysfunctional breathing, when psychological, rather than physiological, processes are involved in controlling breathing.","PeriodicalId":102843,"journal":{"name":"A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125953148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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