Clinical and Experimental Hepatology最新文献

{"title":"Precore/core mutations of hepatitis B virus genotype D arising in different states of infection","authors":"Neda Sanaei, S. Hashemi, Seyedeh Zahra Salehi Dehno, Mozhde Mahmoudi Asl, M. Moini, Seyed Ali Malek‐Hosseini, S. Hosseini, J. Sarvari","doi":"10.5114/ceh.2022.114253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2022.114253","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study Precore/core variations and liver disease progression have been suggested. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of precore/core mutations in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients at various clinical stages. Material and methods In total, 73 HBV-infected patients including 26 inactive carriers (IC), 20 chronic active (CA), and 27 patients with liver cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma (C/HCC) were randomly selected. The HBV DNA was extracted from the sera and subjected to nested PCR for amplification of precore/core region. The PCR product was then sequenced by the Sanger method. Results The stop codon of W28*(G1896A) was determined as the most prevalent mutation (55%) of the precore region. The comparison of groups also demonstrated that core substitutions at residues of S21, E40 and I105 (< 0.05) correlated with the development of the inactive carrier state. Furthermore, the total substitutions in Th epitopes (117-131) were significantly higher in the C/HCC group than the IC and CA groups (p = 0.001). Conclusions Our results indicated a high frequency of W28* mutation in HBV studied patients. Moreover, variations including S21, E40 and I105 and R151 that were mapped onto cellular epitopes might be related to inactive state development.","PeriodicalId":10281,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","volume":"8 1","pages":"21 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46040925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of safety and efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil in hemodialysis and renal transplant patients monoinfected with hepatitis B virus based on real life data","authors":"F. Akyüz, B. Çavuş, Nihan Nizam, Suut Göktürk, B. Baran, H. Yazıcı, S. Evirgen, Ü. Akyüz, Tuba Öbekli, Ç. Karaca, K. Demir, F. Beşışık, S. Kaymakoğlu","doi":"10.5114/ceh.2022.114153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2022.114153","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction There are limited data about the safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in chronic renal failure (CRF). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TDF in renal transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during long-term follow-up. Material and methods CHB patients undergoing hemodialysis (group 1), renal transplant recipients (group 2) and patients with normal renal function were included in the study. All patients were treated with TDF for at least 6 months. The groups were compared with regards to safety and efficacy. HBV-DNA levels were studied using a Cobas-TaqMan 96 system. Results A total of 217 patients with CHB (group 1: 8 patients, group 2: 9 patients, group 3: 200 patients) were enrolled in this study. The frequency of clinical adverse effects was significantly higher in groups 1 and 2compared with group 3 (37.5% vs. 11.1% vs. 0.5%, respectively, p < 0.001). However, no patients discontinued the drug due to the adverse effects. Serum creatinine levels were similar at baseline and at the end of follow-up in groups 1 and 2 (6.5 ±1.8 mg/dl and 6.9 ±1.5 mg/dl; 1.3 ±0.2 and 1.4 ±0.4 mg/dl, respectively, p < 0.05). HBV-DNA negativity rates were comparable at the 12th month and at the end of follow-up (50-83% for group 1, 60-67% for group 2 and 70-75% for group 3, respectively, p > 0.05). Conclusions Clinical adverse effects of TDF were more common in patients with CRF in comparison with patients without CRF. However, the occurrence of adverse effects did not necessitate discontinuation of the drug. TDF was safe and effective for this group of patients.","PeriodicalId":10281,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","volume":"8 1","pages":"7 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46206934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic role of simple indices in HCV-related liver cirrhosis outcomes: a prospective cross-sectional study","authors":"M. Metawea, H. N. A. E. Moteleub","doi":"10.5114/ceh.2022.114169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2022.114169","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study To evaluate the diagnostic performance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), albumin-bilirubin ratio (ABR) and albumin-bilirubin score (ALBI) in different outcomes of liver cirrhosis, including decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC), acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). A second objective was to find their cut-off values. Finally, we aimed to correlate these indices with the severity of liver cirrhosis. Material and methods The study included 149 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver cirrhosis. They were categorized into 3 groups according to severity of cirrhosis as compensated cirrhosis, decompensated liver cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure based on Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and MELD-Na scores. Patients were categorized according to presence of HCC and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. All patients had a complete blood picture and liver profile. NLR, PLR, ALBI and ABR were calculated. Results NLR, PLR, ALBI and ABR correlated with CTP, and MELD-Na scores. NLR > 6.27 can be used to predict SBP in patients with ascites. NLR cut-off value > 3.61 and > 5.26 can be used to predict DLC and ACLF respectively in liver cirrhosis. ABR < 0.90 discriminated ACLF from DLC with OR = 2.93 (95% CI). Conclusions The simple inflammatory scores NLR and PLR together with simple ABR and ALBI scores can be used as quick tools to assess severity of liver cirrhosis. NLR can predict the presence of SBP in patients with ascites. ABR is superior to ALBI in discriminating ACLF from DLC.","PeriodicalId":10281,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","volume":"8 1","pages":"29 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45879336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARID1A expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and relation to tumor recurrence after microwave ablation","authors":"Aly Abdel-Moety, N. Baddour, P. Salem, Amr Rady, Assem El-Shendidi","doi":"10.5114/ceh.2022.114172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2022.114172","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) is a subunit of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable chromatin remodeling complex, which is commonly mutated in human cancers. The clinical and pathological significance of ARID1A alteration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been clarified. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of the ARID1A gene signature in HCC and its relation to the likelihood of tumor recurrence after microwave ablation (MWA). Material and methods This study included 50 patients with cirrhotic HCC of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages 0/A eligible for MWA. Tumor and peri-tumor biopsies were obtained just prior to MWA and assessed for tumor pathological grade and ARID1A expression by immunohistochemistry. Patients were followed for one year after complete tumor ablation to detect any recurrence. Results Tumor size (MCp = 0.010) and α-fetoprotein level (p = 0.013) can effectively predict the response to MWA. Nuclear expression of ARID1A was significantly lower in HCC compared to the corresponding peri-tumor cirrhotic liver tissues (p = 0.002), but no significant difference in ARID1A cytoplasmic expression was found. Nuclear ARID1A expression level in HCC showed a significantly negative relation to tumor size (MCp = 0.006), pathological grade (MCp = 0.046) and post-MWA tumor recurrence (FEp = 0.041). Conclusions ARID1A loss may enhance HCC aggressiveness and post-MWA tumor recurrence. ARID1A could be a potential target to select HCC patients for future therapies.","PeriodicalId":10281,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","volume":"8 1","pages":"49 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44173817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful treatment of hepatitis C genotype 4 using sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, simeprevir and ribavirin in Egyptian patients with direct-acting antiviral agent treatment failure","authors":"H. Mohamed, Weal Abd El Ghany, R. Yehia, M. Fouad","doi":"10.5114/ceh.2022.114246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2022.114246","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction In chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients in whom prior direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA) treatment had failed, outcomes after retreatment are optimal. Combination of sofosbuvir (SOF), daclatasvir (DCV), simeprevir (SIM), and ribavirin (RBV) in treatment experienced patients is recommended in current guidelines despite insufficient data. Our aim is to determine the efficacy and safety of SOF, DCV, SIM plus RBV in HCV infected patients who failed prior DAA treatment. Material and methods One hundred and seventeen patients who failed to respond to SOF containing regimens were randomized according to previous response to therapy to non-responders and relapsers. Duration of therapy depends on fibrosis stages. SOF, DCV, SIM and weight based RBV 12 weeks for F1 and F2 (group I) and 24 weeks for F3 and F4 (group II). Results In the non-responder group, a sustained virologic response (SVR) occurred in 100% in group I (F1 and F2) and 97% in group II (F3 and F4). Relapse was 3% in group II (F3 and F4). No patients from either group had breakthrough or non-response. In relapsers SVR was 100% in group I (F1 and F2) and 96% in group II (F3 and F4). Breakthrough, relapse and non-response were 2%, 4%, 2% respectively only in group II (F3 and F4). Conclusions Combining multiple DAAs with different viral targets may be effective treatment protocol in previous non-responders and relapsers with short durations of treatment.","PeriodicalId":10281,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","volume":"8 1","pages":"36 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41596995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percutaneous biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice in patients with inoperable, malignant biliary obstruction.","authors":"Enver Zerem, Bilal Imširović, Suad Kunosić, Dina Zerem, Omar Zerem","doi":"10.5114/ceh.2022.114190","DOIUrl":"10.5114/ceh.2022.114190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>Most of the malignancies leading to obstructive jaundice are diagnosed too late when they are already advanced and inoperable, with palliation being the only treatment option left. Due to progressing hyperbilirubinaemia with its consequent adverse effects, biliary drainage must be established even in advanced malignancies. This study aims to investigate and analyse factors that affect clinical outcomes of percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in patients with obstructive jaundice due to advanced inoperable malignancy, and identify potential predictors of patient survival. Study design: Observational retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Baseline variables and clinical outcomes were evaluated in 108 consecutive patients treated with PTBD. The study's primary endpoints were significant bilirubin level decrease and survival rates. Secondary endpoints included periprocedural major and minor complication rates and catheter primary and secondary patency rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PTBD was technically successful and bile ducts were successfully drained in all 108 patients. Median serum bilirubin level, which was 282 (171-376) µmol/l before drainage, decreased significantly, to 80 (56-144) µmol/l, 15 days after stent placement (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Patient survival ranged from 3 to 597 days and the overall (median) survival time following PTBD was 168 days (90-302). The 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18-month survival rates were 96.3%, 75.9%, 48.1%, 8.3% and 1.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that liver metastases and alkaline phosphatase were significantly associated with mortality. The overall complication rate was 9.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PTBD is a safe and effective method to relieve jaundice caused by advanced inoperable malignant disease. Careful patient selection is necessary when introducing PTBD in order to avoid invasive procedures in patients with a poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10281,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","volume":"8 1","pages":"70-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8984794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44018316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of growth features and cancer stem cell prevalence in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell lines","authors":"Jiaqi Yang, D. Sontag, F. Burczynski, Shengyan Xi, Y. Gong, G. Minuk","doi":"10.5114/ceh.2022.114192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2022.114192","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study Intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (I-CCA and E-CCA respectively) exhibit different growth features that contribute to different clinical outcomes. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) influence tumor growth and thereby may be responsible for these differences. The aim of this study was to document and compare the growth features of human I-CCA and E-CCA cell lines and determine whether any differences observed could be explained by differences in the prevalence and/or stem cell surface marker (SCSM) expression profiles of CSCs within the tumor cell lines. Material and methods Six CCA cells lines, three I-CCA and three E-CCA, were studied. Tumor cell growth features including cell proliferation, colony/spheroid formation, migration and invasion were documented. CSC prevalence and SCSM expression profiles were examined by flow cytometry. Results I-CCA cells had significantly increased proliferative activity, shorter doubling times and were more invasive than E-CCA cells, while colony/spheroid formation and migration were similar in the two cell populations. There were no significant differences in CSC prevalence rates or SCSM expression profiles. Conclusions These findings suggest that I-CCA cells proliferate at a more rapid rate and are more invasive than E-CCA cells but the differences cannot be explained by differences in the prevalence or SCSM expression profiles of CSCs within the tumor cell population.","PeriodicalId":10281,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","volume":"8 1","pages":"60 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47660191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multidisciplinary approach to peritoneal metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical features, management and outcomes","authors":"L. D. da Fonseca, P. Leonardi, Pedro H. Hashizume, Francesco Sansone, L. R. Saud, F. Carrilho, P. Herman","doi":"10.5114/ceh.2022.114297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2022.114297","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy with heterogeneous behavior determined by liver function, clinical presentation and treatment response. Peritoneal metastasis (PM) from HCC is rare and management is challenging. We aim to report a cohort of patients with advanced HCC and describe demographic characteristics, treatment and outcomes of patients with PM. Material and methods We analyzed data from a retrospective cohort of patients with HCC. Patients with PM were analyzed individually. Baseline characteristics, treatment strategy and median overall survival (OS) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. Results 238 patients with advanced HCC were evaluated. Eleven patients had PM: 7 patients were treated with systemic treatment and 4 were treated with upfront peritonectomy followed by systemic treatment at recurrence. These 4 patients had well-preserved liver function and low disease burden and were younger compared to the total cohort. The median time to recurrence after peritonectomy was 30.25 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 13.53-46.92): 3 of them presented peritoneal recurrence (2 with diffuse peritoneal spread and 1 with concomitant hepatic recurrence) and 1 presented pulmonary recurrence. Overall, patients with PM showed similar OS compared to patients with other metastatic sites (11.8 months; 95% CI: 1.5-19.8 vs. 8 months; 95% CI: 6.7-10, p = 0.901). Patients with PM treated with upfront surgery had a median OS of 60 months (95% CI: 16.7-not reached). Conclusions Resection of PM from HCC may provide long-term survival in selected patients. A multidisciplinary approach is the optimal strategy for managing PM from HCC.","PeriodicalId":10281,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","volume":"8 1","pages":"42 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47266519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of adrenal function in hemodynamically stable patients with liver cirrhosis","authors":"R. Naguib, A. Fayed, S. Abouelnaga, H. Naguib","doi":"10.5114/ceh.2022.113291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2022.113291","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study To estimate the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency (AI) in hemodynamically stable cirrhotic patients and to evaluate the potential association with patients’ clinical characteristics, cirrhosis etiology and liver disease severity. Material and methods The cross-sectional study included 132 stable liver cirrhosis patients. Severity of liver disease was graded using the Child-Pugh classification and Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. The adrenal function was evaluated by measuring basal and peak cortisol after 60 minutes following the short Synacthen test (SST). Differences in terms of demographic data, clinical information and liver disease severity were compared between cirrhotic patients with and without AI. Results Out of 132 cirrhotic patients, 86 patients had evidence of AI based on the peak serum cortisol value while the prevalence was lower (67 patients out of 132) when basal cortisol level was taken as the basis. A total of 82 patients were classified as Child-Pugh class C, with an average MELD score of 20 ±7.1. Most patients with AI had Child-Pugh class C. Patients with AI had a higher prevalence of ascites, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and hepatic encephalopathy, a higher MELD score and a lower serum sodium level compared to patients with normal adrenal function. AI was not related to the etiology of cirrhosis but was related to the severity of liver disease and the degree of hyponatremia. Conclusions Adrenal insufficiency is common among hemodynamically stable patients with cirrhosis. It is related to the severity of liver disease and the degree of hyponatremia.","PeriodicalId":10281,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","volume":"8 1","pages":"78 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45515590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of thyroid function and thyroid autoimmune disease in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","authors":"R. Naguib, A. Fayed, Eman Z. Elkemary, H. Naguib","doi":"10.5114/ceh.2021.111169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2021.111169","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study Evaluation of thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Material and methods A case control study. Fifty patients with NAFLD and 50 control subjects matched by gender and age were recruited. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured to assess thyroid function. Thyroid autoimmune disease was evaluated by measuring thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb). The FIB-4 score and the APRI score were calculated to assess the degree of fibrosis. The association between thyroid parameters and NAFLD was explored. Results About one quarter of patients with NAFLD had hypothyroidism compared to 10% of the control group whilst 6% of NAFLD patients had hyperthyroidism compared to 2% of the controls. NAFLD cases showed substantially higher TSH and lower FT4 compared to controls; meanwhile, levels of fibrosis indices (FIB-4 and APRI score) were significantly higher among hypothyroid patients in both cases and controls. TSH had a positive strong correlation with FIB-4 and APRI score, whereas FT4 had a negative significant correlation with both fibrosis indicators, and this clinical relationship was similar in NAFLD cases and controls. Conclusions Hypothyroidism is more prevalent among patients with NAFLD compared to controls and high levels of TSH with low FT4 might be a risk factor for NAFLD and may impact the development of liver fibrosis. The role of thyroid autoimmunity in NAFLD needs further assessment. NAFLD patients should be monitored by yearly TSH and FT4 testing.","PeriodicalId":10281,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","volume":"7 1","pages":"422 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44217838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}