Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Inhibitory effect of sildenafil on rat duodenal contractility in vitro: putative cGMP involvement.","authors":"Paula Vasconcelos Araújo,&nbsp;Cristiano Magalhães Clemente,&nbsp;José Ronaldo Vasconcelos da Graça,&nbsp;Francisco Hélio Rola,&nbsp;Ricardo Brandt de Oliveira,&nbsp;Armênio Aguiar dos Santos,&nbsp;Pedro Jorge Caldas Magalhães","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04170.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04170.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Sildenafil citrate (Viagratrade mark; Pfizer, Sandwich, Kent, UK), a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, rises cGMP levels in smooth muscle cells. It relaxes both vascular and visceral smooth muscle. In order to assess the intestinal effects of sildenafil, we decided to investigate its actions on rat duodenal motor activity in vitro. 2. In isolated duodenal segments maintained in Tyrode's solution, sildenafil exhibited a concentration-dependent antispasmodic effect on acetylcholine (ACh)-induced phasic contractions, with an IC50 value of 26.7 micromol/L (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-55.3 micromol/L). 3. Sildenafil also relaxed the carbamylcholine (CCh)-induced sustained contraction with an IC(50) of 16.2 micromol/L (95% CI 9.5-27.6 micromol/L). Sildenafil produced significant additional relaxation of 25.2 +/- 8.1% of the CCh-induced contraction, beyond basal tone. 4. Sildenafil reduced the amplitude of spontaneous duodenal contractions with an EC50 of 9.6 micromol/L (95% CI 5.7-16.2 micromol/L). This effect was significantly more potent than the effects of zaprinast and papaverine, which also reduced duodenal contractions with EC50 values of 91.6 micromol/L (95% CI 46.0-182.2 micromol/L) and 78.5 micromol/L (95% CI 37.1-166.3 micromol/L), respectively. 5. In preparations treated previously with methylene blue (10 micromol/L) or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 10 micromol/L), the EC50 values for the sildenafil effect were significantly increased to 39.0 micromol/L (95% CI 23.9-63.4 micromol/L) and 43.8 micromol/L (95% CI 24.5-78.3 micromol/L), respectively. These values were significantly greater than those obtained with sildenafil alone. 6. In conclusion, sildenafil has myorelaxant and antispasmodic effects on rat duodenal segments in vitro. The contractile inhibitory effect of sildenafil on rat isolated duodenum is probably due to intracellular cGMP accumulation as a result of its decreased degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"32 3","pages":"191-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04170.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24985146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effect of taurine against cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder toxicity in rats.","authors":"Adel R A Abd-Allah,&nbsp;Ali M Gado,&nbsp;Abdulhakeem A Al-Majed,&nbsp;Abdulaziz A Al-Yahya,&nbsp;Othman A Al-Shabanah","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04129.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04129.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. In the present study, the effect of taurine, on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced urinary bladder toxicity was investigated. 2. Administration of a single dose of CP (150 mg/kg, i.p.) induced cystitis, as manifested by marked congestion, oedema and extravasation in rat urinary bladder, as well as a marked desquamative damage to the urothium, severe inflammation in the lamina propria, focal erosions and polymorphonuclear leucocytes associated with occasional lymphocyte infiltration as determined by macroscopic and histopathological examination. 3. A significant decrease in the endogenous anti-oxidant compound glutathione and elevation of lipid peroxidation also resulted in rat urinary bladder tissue. 4. Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis markedly affected the contractile function of the urinary bladder, as revealed by a significant inhibition of tissue responsiveness to acetylcholine (ACh) at different molar concentrations in vitro. 5. Conversely, pretreatment with taurine (1% in drinking water to reach a dose of 1 g/kg per day) for 7 days before and 1 day after CP injection produced a significant decrease in urinary bladder weight (oedema) and a marked decrease in vascular congestion and haemorrhage, as well as a profound improvement in histological structure. Moreover, taurine pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease in lipid peroxide in urinary bladder tissue and glutathione content was greatly restored. 6. Urinary bladder rings isolated from rats treated concurrently with taurine and CP showed a significant increase in their responsiveness to ACh compared with the CP group. 7. These results suggest that taurine offers a protective effect against CP-induced urinary bladder toxicity and may, therefore, decrease the limitation on its clinical application. These results merit extension and further investigation of the impact of taurine on CP antitumour activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"32 3","pages":"167-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04129.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24985143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting murine hearts from ischaemia-reperfusion using selective inhibitors of adenosine metabolism.","authors":"Laura Willems,&nbsp;John P Headrick","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04168.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04168.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. By selectively modifying adenosine metabolism via adenosine deaminase or adenosine kinase inhibitors, it may be possible to enhance the receptor-mediated protective actions of adenosine in a site- and event-specific fashion. 2. We characterized cardioprotective actions of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-2-(2-hydroxy-3-non-yl)adenine (EHNA) and the adenosine kinase inhibitor iodotubercidin in C57/Bl6 mouse hearts subjected to 20 min global normothermic ischaemia and 40 min reperfusion. 3. Ventricular pressure development only recovered to 45 +/- 2% of baseline levels (67 +/- 5 mmHg) in untreated hearts, with sustained and pronounced diastolic contracture (25 +/- 2 mmHg). Treatment with 20 micromol/L EHNA increased recovery of ventricular pressure (107 +/- 9 mmHg), reduced postischaemic diastolic pressure (13 +/- 1 mmHg) and reduced loss of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; an indicator of necrotic damage) by 50% (9 +/- 2 vs 19 +/- 2 IU/g). Adenosine kinase inhibition with 10 micromol/L iodotubercidin also improved pressure development (to 100 +/- 8 mmHg) and reduced LDH efflux (5 +/- 2 IU/g). 4. Protective actions were mimicked by adenosine and inhibited by adenosine receptor antagonism (50 micromol/L 8-rho-sulfophenyltheophylline) and mitochondrial K(ATP) channel inhibition (50 micromol/L 5-hydroxydecanoate). 5. Coinfusion of the inhibitors, 'trapping' formed adenosine, failed to exert protection and, in some instances, was detrimental. Although substantial benefit was gained by these agents in hearts from young animals, neither inhibitor was effective in 'aged' hearts (18 months). 6. Our data demonstrate that adenosine deaminase or kinase inhibition substantially limits injury during ischaemia-reperfusion. Protection involves adenosine receptor activation. However, cardioprotection via either enzyme inhibitor requires an alternative purine-salvage pathway to be functional and was reduced in aged hearts known to be increasingly susceptible to ischaemic damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"32 3","pages":"179-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04168.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24985144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in diabetic rats.","authors":"Françoise Goirand,&nbsp;Stéphanie Ovide-Bordeaux,&nbsp;Jean-François Renaud,&nbsp;Alain Grynberg,&nbsp;Bernard Lacour","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04169.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04169.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the responses to acetylcholine (ACh; 3 nmol/L-30 micromol/L) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 3 nmol/L-30 micromol/L) of precontracted aortic rings from diabetic rats supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 2. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg). Diabetic and sham rats were fed, over a period of 8 weeks, either control diet or a DHA-supplemented diet. Aortic endothelial fatty acid composition was analysed by gas chromatography. The involvement of endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) metabolites in response to ACh was assessed using the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 micromol/L) and the COX inhibitor indomethacin (1 micromol/L), respectively. 3. The DHA-supplemented diet induced a small increase in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; P < 0.001) owing to the incorporation of DHA in the endothelial cells of sham animals (1.6 +/- 0.2% in the DHA group compared with traces in the control group; P < 0.001) and diabetic animals (1.3 +/- 0.2% in the DHA group compared with traces in control group; P < 0.001), without a decrease in n-6 PUFA, despite a small decrease in arachidonic acid content (P < 0.05). Diabetes did not modify the incorporation of DHA in endothelial cells, but did significantly increase the arachidonic acid content (0.6 +/- 0.0 vs 0.4 +/- 0.1% in control group in the STZ and sham groups, respectively; P < 0.001). Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was significantly reduced in STZ groups compared with the sham groups (P < 0.001) and the DHA-supplemented diet did not modify these effects. In contrast, neither the DHA-supplemented diet nor diabetes affected the aortic relaxation induced by SNP. N(G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester strongly inhibited the relaxant effects of ACh in the sham groups (P < 0.001) and abolished ACh-induced relaxation in the STZ groups (P < 0.001). The diet did not modify these effects. In the presence of indomethacin, the relaxation induced by ACh was decreased in the sham groups (P < 0.01), but not in the STZ groups. The DHA-supplemented diet did not have any effect on these responses. 4. In conclusion, these results suggest that, in the present study, the endothelial dysfunction occurring in the rat model of STZ-induced diabetes is associated with modifications of both the synthesis of COX derivatives and NO metabolism and is not affected by dietary supplementation with DHA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"32 3","pages":"184-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04169.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24985145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pregnancy on the roles of nitric oxide and prostaglandins in 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contractions in rat isolated thoracic and abdominal aorta.","authors":"Rosa A Bobadilla L,&nbsp;Víctor Pérez-Alvarez,&nbsp;Ismael Bracho Valdés,&nbsp;Pedro López-Sanchez","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04172.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04172.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Vascular resistance and sensitivity to circulating pressor and vasoconstrictor substances are blunted during pregnancy. This has been attributed mainly to an increased production of endothelium-derived mediators. The aim of the present study was to determine whether pregnancy changes the relative participation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PG) in the modulation of the contractile response to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in two anatomically distint segments of the rat aorta. 2. Full concentration-response curves to 5-HT were obtained in isolated rings from the thoracic and abdominal portion of the aorta from pregnant and non-pregnant rats in the presence and absence of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 micromol/L) or the PG synthesis inhibitor indomethacin (10 micromol/L). Cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2 and endothelial (e) NOS protein expression were determined in the same tissues by immunoblot. 3. The effects of pregnancy were accentuated in the abdominal compared with the thoracic aorta. In addition, the relative participation of the NO and PG pathways seems to be changed during pregnancy. Although NO seems to be the mediator mainly responsible for the effect of pregnancy in the thoracic aorta, our results suggest a complex interaction between NO and PG in the abdominal aorta. Indomethacin significantly reduced the contractile response of both segments of the aorta, whereas expression of COX-1, COX-2 and eNOS were increased only in the abdominal segment of pregnant animals. 4. These results show that the effect of pregnancy is not homogeneous along the aorta. There seems to be a mutual interaction between PG and NO in the abdominal, but not in the thoracic, aorta from pregnant rats: the role of NO becomes evident in the absence of vasodilatory PG, whereas the participation of the latter increases in the absence of NO working as a compensatory mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"32 3","pages":"202-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04172.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24985148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isoliquiritigenin inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer a549 cells.","authors":"Ya-Ling Hsu,&nbsp;Po-Lin Kuo,&nbsp;Lien-Chai Chiang,&nbsp;Chun-Ching Lin","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04016.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04016.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a natural pigment with the simple chalcone structure 4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone. In the present study, we report, for the first time, ISL-induced inhibition of the proliferation of the human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line. 2. The results showed that ISL not only inhibited A549 cell proliferation, but also induced apoptosis and blocked cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. An ELISA assay demonstrated that ISL significantly increased the expression of p53 and p21/WAF1 protein, which caused cell cycle arrest. 3. An enhancement in Fas and its two ligands, namely membrane-bound Fas ligand (mFasL) and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL), may be responsible for the apoptotic effect induced by ISL. 4. Taken together, the results indicate that the p53 and Fas/FasL apoptotic system may participate in the antiproliferative activity of ISL in A549 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"31 7","pages":"414-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04016.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24599914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative bioavailability of two cefadroxil products using serum and urine data in healthy human volunteers.","authors":"S Otoom,&nbsp;M Hasan,&nbsp;N Najib","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04012.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04012.x","url":null,"abstract":"1. The aim of the present study was to assess the bioequivalence of two cefadroxil products, namely Ultracef (a reference product) in the form of a 500 mg capsule (produced by Bristol‐Myers Squibb Laboratories, Princeton, NJ, USA) and Roxil (a test product) in the form of a 500 mg capsule (produced by Tabuk Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia).","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"31 7","pages":"433-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04012.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24598682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of angiotensin II-induced blood pressure and structural changes in Fischer 344 and Wistar Kyoto rats.","authors":"Jocelyne Blanc,&nbsp;Patrick Lacolley,&nbsp;Stéphane Laurent,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Elghozi","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04019.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04019.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the blood pressure (BP) response, the BP and heart rate (HR) components of the startle reaction and the structure of the carotid artery and the aorta during chronic infusion of angiotensin (Ang) II in Fischer 344 (F344) compared with Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, two in-bred normotensive contrasted strains. 2. Osmotic mini-pumps filled with saline vehicle or AngII (120 ng/kg per min) were implanted subcutaneously in 8-week-old normotensive rats and infused for 4 weeks in F344 rats (saline, n = 10; AngII, n = 10) and WKY rats (saline, n = 10; AngII, n = 9). Basal BP, HR and the responses to an acoustic startle stimulus (duration 0.7 s, 115 dB) were recorded in conscious rats. The structure of the carotid artery and aorta was determined in 4% formaldehyde-fixed arteries. 3. Compared with WKY rats, vehicle-treated F344 rats had lower bodyweight (BW; 266 +/- 7 vs 299 +/- 9 g; P < 0.05) and heart weight (0.80 +/- 0.02 vs 0.98 +/- 0.04 g; P < 0.05) and higher aortic systolic BP (SBP; 131 +/- 1 vs 123 +/- 5 mmHg; P < 0.001) and diastolic BP (98 +/- 3 vs 89 +/- 2 mmHg; P < 0.001). In F344 rats, compared with the WKY rats, the wall thickness/BW ratio was increased in the carotid artery (156 +/- 9 vs 131 +/- 6 nm/g; P < 0.05) and abdominal aorta (264 +/- 13 vs 217 +/- 12 nm/g; P < 0.05) and decreased in the thoracic aorta (246 +/- 13 vs 275 +/- 8 nm/g; P < 0.05). There was no difference in elastin and collagen density. Angiotensin II differentially enhanced BP in both strains: (SBP: 163 +/- 5 and 132 +/- 4 mmHg in F344 and WKY rats, respectively; P(strain x treatment) < 0.05). Circumferential wall stress was increased in the aorta of F344 rats compared with WKY rats (1176 +/- 39 vs 956 +/- 12 kPa (P < 0.001) and 1107 +/- 42 vs 813 +/- 12 kPa (P < 0.001) in thoracic and abdominal aortas, respectively). The startle response was amplified in F344 rats, with enhanced increases in SBP and pulse pressure (PP) and bradycardia compared with responses of WKY rats (+44 +/- 9 mmHg, +10 +/- 2 mmHg and -40 +/- 17 b.p.m., respectively, in F344 rats vs+28 +/- 4 mmHg, + 4 +/- 2 mmHg and -19 +/- 10 b.p.m. in WKY rats, respectively; P(strain) < 0.05 for BP and PP). The startle response was not affected by AngII. 4. These results indicate a higher BP producing an increase in wall thickness in F344 rats compared with WKY rats. We propose that an increase in sympathetic nervous activity causes these haemodynamic differences, as suggested by the excessive increase in BP during an acoustic startle stimulus. Angiotensin II increased BP in F344 rats, but did not exaggerate the increase in BP during the startle reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"31 7","pages":"466-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04019.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24598688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-response of ropivacaine administered caudally to children undergoing surgical procedures under sedation with midazolam.","authors":"F Tonatiu Aguirre-Garay,&nbsp;Rosario García,&nbsp;Alejandro A Nava-Ocampo","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04020.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04020.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. In a double-blind randomized controlled design, 50 children were allocated to receive bupivacaine 0.25% or ropivacaine 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.40% or 0.50% by caudal block. 2. Caudal block was performed after induction of anaesthesia with 2-5% sevoflurane, atropine 10 microg/kg and midazolam 100-300 microg/kg. During the surgical procedure, patients were maintained under spontaneous ventilation and no intravenous or inhalatory anaesthetic agent was administered. For transoperative sedation, midazolam 100-300 microg/kg was administered every 0.5-1.0 h. Transoperative cardiovascular response, postoperative analgesia and local and systemic complications were evaluated. 3. Groups were similar (P > 0.05) in sex, age, weight and in the time elapsed from caudal block to the beginning of the surgical procedure. The surgical time was significantly lower in the ropivacaine 0.25% group. The duration of analgesia was 24 h with ropivacaine 0.25% and approximately 10 h in the other four groups (P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between the postoperative analgesic period produced by ropivacaine and the surgical time (r = -0.48, two-sided P = 0.002). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures remained in the physiologically normal range for the duration of the transoperative period. Vomiting was present in only one patient receiving ropivacaine 0.50%. 4. In children, the duration of analgesia produced by caudal block with ropivacaine may be affected by surgical time. At surgical times of 0.5-1 h, ropivacaine 0.25% produced at least 24 h postoperative analgesia. At similar surgical times, ropivacaine 0.32%, 0.40% and 0.50% produced similar analgesic times to bupivacaine 0.25%.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"31 7","pages":"462-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04020.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24598687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of glycine on tissue fatty acid composition in an experimental model of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity.","authors":"Rajagopal Senthilkumar,&nbsp;Namasivayam Nalini","doi":"10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04021.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04021.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the administration of glycine, a non-essential amino acid, on blood alcohol levels and tissue fatty acid composition in experimental rats. 2. Liver cell damage was induced by the administration of ethanol (7.9 g/kg bodyweight) for 30 days by intragastric intubation. Control rats were given isocaloric glucose solution. Glycine was subsequently administered at a dose of 0.6 g/kg bodyweight every day by intragastric intubation for the next 30 days. 3. Feeding alcohol significantly elevated the activities of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatases (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and altered the liver and brain fatty acid composition compared with control rats. Subsequently, glycine supplementation to alcohol-fed rats significantly lowered the activities of serum AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and normalized the liver and brain fatty acid composition compared with untreated alcohol-fed rats. 4. Thus, the present study demonstrates that oral administration of glycine confers a significant protective effect against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity by virtue of its ability to optimize the activities of serum AST, ALT, ALP and GGT, as well as the tissue fatty acid composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"31 7","pages":"456-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04021.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24598686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}