Civil and environmental research最新文献_第8页

British Standard and Euro Code: Model of Singly Reinforced Rectangular Concrete Under Actions 英国标准和欧洲规范:作用下单钢筋矩形混凝土模型

Civil and environmental research Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.7176/cer/12-6-05

A. G. Okeniyi, O. Alli, T. A. Amusat, A. S. Akolade

{"title":"British Standard and Euro Code: Model of Singly Reinforced Rectangular Concrete Under Actions","authors":"A. G. Okeniyi, O. Alli, T. A. Amusat, A. S. Akolade","doi":"10.7176/cer/12-6-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cer/12-6-05","url":null,"abstract":"Upgrading are desired Changes on any standard in operation. Meanwhile context understanding are required to achieve positive impact on the subject system. In same vein, codes of practice are always revised and that users should be made to use the latest edition of any relevant standard. Thus a model is developed to describe the sectional analysis difference with predicting implications of various combinations of sectional dimensions in structural reinforced concrete elements with reference to the two codes. The method adopted is purely mathematical technique of modeling, concept and application. Based on the previous behavioural knowledge of such using BS code, Okeniyi et al (2012), a concrete rectangular section of singly reinforced status was also used as a case study. The section was analyzed from stress-strain relationship to formulate the governing equations and the same was specified by breadth b, total depth h and moment of resistance M R . This was simulated to describe the relationship between the variable parameters and predict the behavior of a rectangular section under loads with reference to British Standard and Euro Code. The model, thus defines clearly sectional analysis difference increasing understanding for better structural design skill. Keywords: Reinforced Concrete, Stress-Strain Relationship, Rectangular Section and Moment of Resistance DOI: 10.7176/CER/12-6-05 Publication date: June 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":10219,"journal":{"name":"Civil and environmental research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88811928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Assessment of Degradations/Defects and Maintenance of Administrative Primary and Secondary School Buildings of the City of Bafoussam, Cameroon 喀麦隆巴富萨姆市行政中小学建筑的退化/缺陷和维护评估

Civil and environmental research Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.7176/cer/12-6-03

David Vom Tahi Onana, Blaise Ngwem Bayiha, D. Fokwa, R. Nzengwa

{"title":"Assessment of Degradations/Defects and Maintenance of Administrative Primary and Secondary School Buildings of the City of Bafoussam, Cameroon","authors":"David Vom Tahi Onana, Blaise Ngwem Bayiha, D. Fokwa, R. Nzengwa","doi":"10.7176/cer/12-6-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cer/12-6-03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the findings of a survey on assessment of degradations/defects and maintenance of administrative primary and secondary school buildings of the city of Bafoussam, Cameroon. Data were collected with the use of structured questionnaires as shown in appendix II administered on various managers of public primary and secondary schools in the three districts of Bafoussam namely, Bafoussam I, Bafoussam II and Bafoussam III. Data were analysed with basic descriptive tools such as percentage. The results showed that the primary schools buildings in the city of Bafoussam are more degraded than those of secondary schools as an example 98% of primary school buildings in the city of Bafoussam show an aging of the paint on the walls, i.e. 127 buildings, while those of secondary school buildings show 86% i.e. 157 buildings. 85% of primary school buildings in the city of Bafoussam have a ceiling in poor condition i.e. 111 buildings, while those of secondary schools buildings have 76% i.e. 132 buildings. The secondary school buildings in the city of Bafoussam have undergone more maintenance works than those of primary schools. Keywords: Degradations/defects, Maintenance, Primary school buildings, Secondary school buildings, Bafoussam DOI: 10.7176/CER/12-6-03 Publication date: June 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":10219,"journal":{"name":"Civil and environmental research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84854828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Residents’ Level of Neighbourhood Satisfaction in Violence-Induced Segregated Urban Environments 暴力导致的隔离城市环境中居民邻里满意度的评估

Civil and environmental research Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.7176/cer/12-6-07

R. O. Oladosu, Siyaka Abdulrahman Arudi, Yusuf AbdulWaheed Adeiza

{"title":"Assessment of Residents’ Level of Neighbourhood Satisfaction in Violence-Induced Segregated Urban Environments","authors":"R. O. Oladosu, Siyaka Abdulrahman Arudi, Yusuf AbdulWaheed Adeiza","doi":"10.7176/cer/12-6-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cer/12-6-07","url":null,"abstract":"Urban violence has resulted into segregation of urban dwellers along neighbourhood divides in many cities of the world. It is well documented that neighbourhood satisfaction is a vibrant contributor to the overall wellbeing of urban dwellers; yet, investigative research on how satisfied are residents in such violence-induced segregated urban environments- a neighbourhood scenario where different ethnic, religious or ethno-religious groups previously co-existed but later parted as a result of inter-group violence, seems not to have been given sufficient attention as a specific matter of concern in neighbourhood studies. Exploring the attributes of the physical and social environment as well as neighbourhood facilities and public utilities, this study examined the level of neighbourhood satisfaction in the segregated Jos city of Nigeria, through a measure of central tendency and spread, employing SPSS-22. The study discovered that residents experienced low degree of satisfaction in both homogenous and mixed neighbourhoods identified in the city. Analysis however revealed significant differences between the two types of neighbourhood in terms of elements examined in relation to the three key attributes employed for the examination. Keywords: neighbourhood satisfaction, violence-induced, segregated urban environment, homogenous neighbourhood, mixed neighbourhood DOI: 10.7176/CER/12-6-07 Publication date: June 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":10219,"journal":{"name":"Civil and environmental research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82147457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Evaluation of the Relationship Between Integrated Rural Development Scheme, Livelihood Assets and Housing Condition in Nigeria 尼日利亚农村综合发展计划、生计资产和住房条件关系的评价

Civil and environmental research Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.7176/cer/12-5-06

A. Odebode, O. Olatoye, A. Olalere, A. Olaniyan

{"title":"An Evaluation of the Relationship Between Integrated Rural Development Scheme, Livelihood Assets and Housing Condition in Nigeria","authors":"A. Odebode, O. Olatoye, A. Olalere, A. Olaniyan","doi":"10.7176/cer/12-5-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cer/12-5-06","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examined the relationship among integrated rural development scheme, livelihood assets and housing condition in selected rural areas in Osun state. This is necessitated by the need to look at an alternative ways of financing rural housing through self-help project. It is also inspired by the need for sustainability in better housing condition in the rural communities.The paper carried out a survey of participants of an existing integrated scheme that was established with the objective of improving farmers’ welfare through improved productivity in 28 rural communities under the jurisdiction of Justice Development and Peace Makers’ Centre (JDPMC), Osogbo, Osun state. Data was obtained from 344 respondents selected through a multi-staged sampling across 28 rural communities in Osun state. The data obtained was analysed with the use of frequency distribution, correlation, regression and chi-square analysis.The results of the study in this paper reveals, among others, that the mode of operation and housing condition has positive relationship and are not independent of each other. Similarly, there is significant relationship between household size (r = 0.327) and housing condition, livelihood assets (r = 0.451) and housing condition at P ≤ 0.01. Based on these findings, integrated scheme has positive relationship with housing condition because the more the livelihood assets through integrated scheme, the better the rural housing condition in Nigeria.The paper therefore suggests consideration of integrated scheme as an effective strategy for rural housing improvement. The study is a pioneering attempt at establishing whether increase in participants’ assets such as physical, financial, natural, human and social capital due to the integrated scheme will lead to significant improvement in housing condition. Keywords: relationship, integrated, rural development scheme, livelihood assets, housing condition, and rural areas. DOI: 10.7176/CER/12-5-06 Publication date: May 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":10219,"journal":{"name":"Civil and environmental research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85149063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Production Metrics for Planning Structural Drafting Operations for Reinforced Concrete Staircases in Structural Firms within Uganda 生产指标规划结构绘图作业的钢筋混凝土楼梯在结构公司在乌干达

Civil and environmental research Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.7176/cer/12-5-02

Vanessa Asiimwe, Sheilla Mukonyezi, Patience Akugizibwe, Ronald Ekyalimpa

{"title":"Production Metrics for Planning Structural Drafting Operations for Reinforced Concrete Staircases in Structural Firms within Uganda","authors":"Vanessa Asiimwe, Sheilla Mukonyezi, Patience Akugizibwe, Ronald Ekyalimpa","doi":"10.7176/cer/12-5-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cer/12-5-02","url":null,"abstract":"Productivity and production rate benchmarks for labor and equipment in the construction sector are vital metrics used to support comprehensive project planning and control activities. Scheduling and budgeting are the two project planning processes that utilize these metrics in their development and use. There is a misconception that project planning and control processes are mainly undertaken by the contractors for construction process but not by consultants for their analysis, design, and drafting processes. Interactions with practitioners serving in supervisory roles in consulting firms so the need and desire to perform these operations too, so that they are furnished with timeline and cost information to better plan and manage their tasks. However, most research activity has been directed towards obtaining benchmarks related to onsite construction processes leaving those in analysis, design, and drafting clueless about what possible benchmarks for their activities are. This study set out to measure and benchmark structural drafting operations for reinforced concrete staircases. Time measurements were done for two of the different types of reinforced concrete staircase configurations, i.e. straight-run and spiral staircases and benchmarks proposed for each of those types. Keywords: Productivity, production rate, benchmarks, reinforced concrete staircases, structural drafting DOI: 10.7176/CER/12-5-02 Publication date: May 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":10219,"journal":{"name":"Civil and environmental research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88078377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Glass Waste Powder on the Compressive Strength and Permeation Properties of Concrete Containing Portland Cement and Sawdust Ash 玻璃废粉对含波特兰水泥和木屑灰混凝土抗压强度和渗透性能的影响

Civil and environmental research Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.7176/cer/12-4-05

Samuel Olufemi Folagbade, Alabi Sheriff Olatunji

{"title":"Effect of Glass Waste Powder on the Compressive Strength and Permeation Properties of Concrete Containing Portland Cement and Sawdust Ash","authors":"Samuel Olufemi Folagbade, Alabi Sheriff Olatunji","doi":"10.7176/cer/12-4-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cer/12-4-05","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigated the effect of Glass Waste Powder (GWP), as a ternary cement component on the compressive strength and permeation resistance of Portland cement (PC) and sawdust ash (SDA) blended cement concrete. Compressive strengths up to 28 days and void content and initial surface absorption after 10 minutes (ISAT-10) up to 90 days at the total replacement levels of up to 30% were determined and compared with the values obtained for conventional concrete. Seven concrete mix combinations were examined at the water/cement (w/c) ratios of 0.35, 0.50 and 0.65 and at 28-day strengths of 35-40 N/mm 2 . At the same w/c ratios, compressive strength decreased and void content and ISAT-10 increased with increasing content of SDA and GWP. A unit replacement of PC with SDA reduced strength by 1.06% while a unit replacement of SDA with GWP, as a ternary cement component, increased strength by 1.64%. Similarly, a unit of SDA increased void content and ISAT-10 by 0.95 and 1.01% respectively while a unit of GWP as a ternary cement component reduced void content and ISAT-10 by 0.84 and 0.94% respectively. At same strengths, all the binary and ternary cement concretes possess higher resistance to permeation than the 100% PC concrete. At equal performance level, the ternary cement concretes possess higher permeation resistance than the binary cement concretes. The paper concluded that GWP, as a ternary cement component, improved the strength and permeation resistance of SDA binary cement concrete. Keywords: absorption, compressive strength, concrete, glass waste powder, permeation, sawdust powder DOI: 10.7176/CER/12-4-05 Publication date: April 30 th 2020","PeriodicalId":10219,"journal":{"name":"Civil and environmental research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81912173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Minimizing Theft on Construction Sites in Ghana: The Perspective of Contractors in the Upper West Region of Ghana 最小化加纳建筑工地的盗窃:加纳上西部地区承包商的视角

Civil and environmental research Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.7176/cer/12-5-03

E. Ablordeppey, Fortunatus Moo, Wisdom Akortsu, A. Mustapha

{"title":"Minimizing Theft on Construction Sites in Ghana: The Perspective of Contractors in the Upper West Region of Ghana","authors":"E. Ablordeppey, Fortunatus Moo, Wisdom Akortsu, A. Mustapha","doi":"10.7176/cer/12-5-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cer/12-5-03","url":null,"abstract":"Theft has been recognized as a major problem in the construction industry. Theft have an impact on the potential profitability of a construction project and also on the overall success of the construction industry. This research is set out to explore the most efficient and appropriate security measures to employ at construction sites in Ghana that would minimize or eliminate the incidence of theft on construction sites. This study was conducted in the upper west region of Ghana with a relatively homogenous population of contractors. The study was conducted using a quantitative research approach in which questionnaires were administered to contractors. The results from the analysis of the data ranked various security measures based on their Mean of frequency. Lighting of sites, fencing of sites and locking of gates were ranked above other security measures as being more efficient in preventing theft both when construction sites are located in densely and sparsely populated areas. The results indicated that employment of watchman is the most efficient and most used security measure on construction sites with security cameras, alarm systems and warning signs constituting the least used security measures. Effective implementation of the most critical security measures whiles giving some consideration to other security measures would most likely protect sites from theft whiles ensuring that value for money invested in securing sites is also achieved. Keywords: Building materials, construction sites, plants, Security, theft, watchman . DOI: 10.7176/CER/12-5-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":10219,"journal":{"name":"Civil and environmental research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77679885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Material Cost Comparison for Masonry and Framed Partition Walls for Buildings in Uganda 乌干达建筑砌体与框架隔墙材料成本比较

Civil and environmental research Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.7176/cer/12-5-05

Aloysius Omongin Osele, Vanessa Asiimwe, Ronald Ekyalimpa

{"title":"Material Cost Comparison for Masonry and Framed Partition Walls for Buildings in Uganda","authors":"Aloysius Omongin Osele, Vanessa Asiimwe, Ronald Ekyalimpa","doi":"10.7176/cer/12-5-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cer/12-5-05","url":null,"abstract":"In the building construction industry, decisions concerning specifications for the different building components may be made by the client, consultants, contractor, or a combination of these. Choices are usually governed by functionality (strength and safety integrity, durability), aesthetics, cost, material availability, technical know-how, etc. Most of these criteria are easy to quantify except for strength, safety, durability, and cost given that they require rigorous analysis or research. This study set out to determine the cost margin difference that exists between wall types (framed and masonry wall) from a material requirements perspective. This was meant to avail information that can provide decision support to practitioners or clients that need to make a choice between these wall types. Margins for cost differences were computed using a Monte-Carlo simulation-based approach that involved sampling deviates from probability distributions for costs for 1m 2 of framed and masonry walls. These costs were built-up through another Monte-Carlo simulation process that utilized material quantities and unit prices as its inputs. There was transformation work done in this simulation experiment to reconcile material quantity conventions used by vendors and manufacturers with those quantities required to erect 1m 2 of a physical wall. Keywords: Framed wall, Masonry wall, Cost margin, Probability distribution, Monte-Carlo simulation DOI: 10.7176/CER/12-5-05 Publication date: May 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":10219,"journal":{"name":"Civil and environmental research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80952709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ancient Chinese Stone Bridge Reinforcement Repair Method and Quality Control 中国古代石桥加固修复方法及质量控制

Civil and environmental research Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.7176/cer/12-4-03

Ye Liang, Agu Ransford Tetteh

引用次数: 0

Causes and Effects of Delay on African Construction Projects: A State of the Art Review 非洲建设项目延误的原因和影响:最新研究综述

Civil and environmental research Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.7176/cer/12-5-04

Abebe Demissew Gashahun

{"title":"Causes and Effects of Delay on African Construction Projects: A State of the Art Review","authors":"Abebe Demissew Gashahun","doi":"10.7176/cer/12-5-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/cer/12-5-04","url":null,"abstract":"The time for the performance of a construction project is usually the soul to the stack of the construction industry. Construction delay is one of the basic constraints to accomplish the project objectives in Africa. This study aims to find the causes and effects of construction delays in African. A thorough literature review has been done following the content analysis method. The relevant literature of 17 African countries was collected from the scholarly journals published from 2010 to 2020. In total 65 potential causes of delay under 10 major groups are identified. Frequency and ranking of these factors have been done. The factors, change/variations order by the client, contractors’ infective project planning and scheduling, consultants' delay in approving the major change, design team's insufficient site investigation, resources shortage and price fluctuation, poor communication among parties and unfavorable weather conditions are recognized as critical causes of delay in Africa. On the other hand, time and cost overrun and poor quality of construction is the major effect of delays. Selecting competent consultants, design teams, contractors, and suppliers, involving stakeholders at the planning stage of the project, efficient communication, and adapting appropriate legislation are the corresponding mitigation mechanisms of delay for Africa construction projects. Keywords: Africa, Causes, Construction, Delays, Effects, Mitigations DOI: 10.7176/CER/12-5-04 Publication date: May 31 st 2020","PeriodicalId":10219,"journal":{"name":"Civil and environmental research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87601067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2