Social Sciences and Childhood最新文献

{"title":"The Overview of International Research on the Effects of Being a Child in the Conditions of Institutionalisation: How to Achieve Positive Results","authors":"G. Semya","doi":"10.17759/ssc.2021020106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2021020106","url":null,"abstract":"The review is devoted to research in the field of institutionalization of children left without parental care, and aims to determine what improvements can be made to ensure the best result in the development of children in these conditions. The current model of institutionalization based on deprivation, negative factors of development, seems limited and outdated. The results of the research are considered within the framework of the bioecological model of development of W. Bronfenbrenner. The analysis of publications shows that there is convincing evidence that the quality of institutional care at the exosystem level has a significant impact on the well-being of children and provides long-term positive results in the physical, cognitive, behavioral and emotional development of the child. The review shows that when institutional care is combined with certain protective factors, it does not always lead to negative consequences in the child’s development. Countries that set higher standards of institutional care for children, and specialists who apply measures that correspond to the identified predictors of full-fledged development, can see that institutional care can be a viable option when adequate care based on a foster family is not possible.","PeriodicalId":101997,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences and Childhood","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116072204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological Problems of Evidential Description of Psychological and Social Practices","authors":"N. Busygina, T. Podushkina, D.A. Zevina","doi":"10.17759/ssc.2021020102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2021020102","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the challenges of implementing an evidence-based approach in the field of psychological and social practices. The role of the “Standard of Evidence of Social Practices in the Sphere of Childhood” for the formation of a complex of collaborating science-based practice and practice-oriented science is considered. Four key areas of practice analysis are discussed: the regulation of practice, its validity, the effectiveness of practice (achievement of social results), the validity of data on the social results of practice. Based on the experience of expertise, the authors highlight several methodological difficulties faced by developers of practices in the process of their evidence-based description and presentation: difficulties in highlighting the essence of interventions that lead to change; difficulties in finding theoretical foundations for practices; lack of skills in building a logical framework; difficulties in finding research tools to assess the effects of practices. As an example of a successful, in the opinion of the authors, resolution of these methodological difficulties, a description of the social practice “Do not spill the water” (as in meaning “Thick as Thieves”) of the Charity Foundation “Our Children”.","PeriodicalId":101997,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences and Childhood","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134232968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Adaptation of Orphans and Children left without Parental Care in Substitute Families","authors":"A. Telitsyna","doi":"10.17759/ssc.2021020207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2021020207","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the analyses the «Monitoring results of the subjective well-being of children-in-care» in terms of social adaptation in substitute families (2019). Orphans brought up in foster families are characterized by implicit problems affecting social and school adaptation. Many of them have a long experience of living in a dysfunctional family, in conditions of institutionalization, separation from their parents and untreated psychological trauma. Family upbringing significantly mitigates the effects of mental deprivation, but a number of its consequences affect social and school adaptation. Two research methods were used in the study: a short screening questionnaire (SST) to assess behavior in children and adolescents from 3 to 16 years old (the sample consisted of 340 foster children and 285 substitute parents) and a multidimensional scale of satisfaction with life at school (the sample consisted of 160 junior students, 230 senior students). The questionnaire includes an assessment of the psychological properties of a teenager, both positive and negative and an assessment of the impact of the existing problems of a teenager on different aspects of his social life. The assessment of foster children themselves and parents in relation to borderline cases differ. The Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale is a questionnaire designed to assess the life satisfaction of schoolchildren. A high level of satisfaction is characteristic of relationships in foster parents’ families, and satisfaction with relationships with friends remains constant. In high school, emotional abuse in the form of neglect has significantly decreased — only 28% become victims and only 36% of foster children experience physical violence in the form of blows. It is stated that with the help of a questionnaire and data analysis, the upward trend from elementary school students to high school students has a “sense of security” (from 61% to 70%). The youngest students and older teenagers are the least satisfied with school and relationships with teachers. The conducted research makes it possible to determine the targets of assistance and support to substitute families by specialists of support services. For teachers-psychologists, data on school satisfaction and relationships with teachers should be an important signal about the problems of foster children in an educational institution.","PeriodicalId":101997,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences and Childhood","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131256790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Readiness of Graduates of Organizations for Orphans and Children Left without Parental Care, and Graduates of Foster Families for an Independent Life: a Review and Analysis of Regional Practices","authors":"I.A. Merkul, V.O. Volchanskaya","doi":"10.17759/ssc.2021020203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2021020203","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of assessing the readiness of graduates of various forms of guardianship for independent life is associated with the lack of regulatory regulation of activities for the support of orphans and persons from among them in federal legislation and in the legislation of a number of regions of the Russian Federation. There is neither a unified approach to assessing readiness for independent living, nor a unified terminology base, which significantly complicates the development and improvement of assessment methods. The article presents the results of monitoring programs for the preparation of pupils of organizations for orphans for independent life, conducting an assessment of readiness in the subjects of the Russian Federation and describes the current state of the problem of readiness of graduates of organizations for orphans and graduates of substitute families in different regions, provided by the Department of State Policy in the field of Protection of Children’s Rights of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. Specialists from 78 regions participated in the study, for which a special questionnaire was developed. The analysis of the obtained data showed that there are several approaches used in the practice of assessing the readiness of graduates by regions: a psychodiagnostic approach, a behavioral and competence approach. In the analysis, we relied on the understanding of the assessment of readiness for independent life through the correlation of the formed life competencies with the requirements that are imposed on graduates and with those indicators that determine the ability to apply the relevant competencies in the right situations. If educational programs, readiness criteria have been developed in organizations for orphans and work is being carried out, then in relation to teenagers who are in substitute families, it is assumed that they will naturally prepare for life in the post-international period in the family or they will undergo career guidance at school. According to the results of monitoring, such a statement of the question is questionable. The prospects of the study are related to the development of a system for assessing the readiness of graduates for independent living, the standard for preparing graduates of organizations for orphans and substitute families to live independently.","PeriodicalId":101997,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences and Childhood","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134359270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Features of Socialization of Orphans and Children left without Parental Care in a Children’s Health Camp","authors":"P. A. Kovalev, T. Shulga","doi":"10.17759/ssc.2021020205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2021020205","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the peculiarities of the socialization of orphans and children left without parental care in a children’s health camp during their short-term stay. The conditions of socialization in DOL and CA In (centers for the promotion of family education) are compared. The children’s health camp acts as an alternative form of socialization of orphaned teenagers and teenagers left without parental care, it gives a new experience of interaction with others, allows you to master new ways of communication. The results of a study of two social groups of children — those in separate detachments and in mixed ones — are presented. Using the following methods: a questionnaire comparing the conditions of socialization and the questionnaire “My relations in the camp” (developed by us on the basis of the methodology “Family sociogram” by E.G. Eidemiller), the features of socialization and mental state of adolescents associated with anxiety, uncertainty were identified. A total of 316 adolescents took part in the study.","PeriodicalId":101997,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences and Childhood","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114447023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Child in Care: Results of the Living and Parenting Conditions’ Monitoring of Children in Care and Their Subjective Well-Being in Orphanages","authors":"G. Semya","doi":"10.17759/ssc.2021020201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2021020201","url":null,"abstract":"The article is based on an analysis of the results of monitoring conducted by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation (formerly the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia) between 2018 and 2020: 1 — Monitoring on the compliance of organizations for orphans and children left without parental care with the requirements of Russian Federation Government Resolution No. 481 of 24 May 2014 On the activities of organizations for orphans and children left without parental care and the placement of children in them; 2 — Evaluation of the welfare of children in organizations for children left without parental care. It is shown that in three years there have been significant changes both in the environment external to the foster child and in the sphere of psychological well-being. Unfortunately, the introduction of a lockdown in the children’s home system due to the COVID-19 pandemic does not allow for the ‘net’ impact of the new living and parenting environment on children’s subjective well-being to be identified. Monitoring has made it possible to obtain annual information on the number of orphanages of all types and the number of children in them, which the current official system for collecting information (statistical form D-13) does not allow for. The data obtained made it possible to conduct a comparative analysis of current problems (abuse, bullying, consideration of the child’s opinion, etc.) from the perspective of the administration and the children themselves. The study involved: 443 pre-schoolers, 1825 children aged 7—12, 3398 teenagers over the age of 12. The verified instrument was a psychodiagnostic complex assessing the subjective well-being of orphans. The results of the analysis of the monitoring data revealed objective factors of well-being related to “the duration of children’s stay in the institution”; “creation of favorable conditions of stay close to the family”; “assistance in social adaptation for graduates of organizations for orphans”; “specifics of education and care of orphans and children without parental care, with disabilities” as well as subjective factors related to child satisfaction with their health, safety, well-being in the organization, self-esteem. The significant discrepancies in the formal assessment and subjective opinion of the children obtained allow adjustments to be made to the monitoring toolkit.","PeriodicalId":101997,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences and Childhood","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114091053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronavirus Pandemic (Covid-19): Delayed Consequences for the Prevention of Social Orphanhood","authors":"G. Semya, E.S. Garifulina, N.V. Freik","doi":"10.17759/ssc.2021020104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2021020104","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an expert analysis of the impact of the restrictions imposed to prevent the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Russia on the situation of families with children and the children, as well as the delayed consequences for the social orphancy system in Russia. The expert assessment is based on the results of sociological surveys of the child protection representatives, their opinion on the impact of the pandemic on the well-being of families with children and children in 9 regions, the analysis of individual organizations for orphans and children left without parental care. The data on the difference in the assessment of the situation of specialists and representatives of the non-profit sector are correlated. Conclusions are drawn about the strengthening of the “medical approach” in assessing the well-being of a child against social and personal needs, the lack of flexibility in organizing the work of the subjects of the orphancy prevention system during restrictive measures, as well as objective limitations of the remote form of providing social services and the unavailability of such services for certain family categories. The research was com- missioned by the Elena and Gennady Timchenko Charitable Foundation.","PeriodicalId":101997,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences and Childhood","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124905958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarity of Efficiency Assessment for Educational and Psychological Interventions Used with Children with ASD","authors":"A. Sorokin, E. Davydova, A. Khaustov","doi":"10.17759/SSC.2020010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/SSC.2020010105","url":null,"abstract":"Timely identification of appropriate intervention is prerequisite for amelioration of deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is a complicated choice because of the high heterogeneity of ASD manifestations and insufficient state of knowledge about intervention efficiency. The article introduces an approach that will allow professionals who plan educational and psychological interventions for children with ASD and caregivers to assess the methods in terms of their congruence with the evidence-based criteria. Such assessment is conducted based on published experimental data. The article presents characteristics that are worth considering while making an informed decision about the preferred intervention. They include formal features, such as sample sizes, study length, compliance with the target group description, and validity, as well as subjective criteria that enable appropriate choice of intervention at the individual level.","PeriodicalId":101997,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences and Childhood","volume":"14 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124353315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Registers of Practices as an Evidence-Based Social Policy Mechanism for Child Welfare: An Analysis of International Experience","authors":"N. Busygina, T. Podushkina, N.V. Freik","doi":"10.17759/ssc.2021020101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2021020101","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the international experience of establishing evidence-based practice registers. Such registers are considered not as a “container” of once and for all selected “best practices”, but as a permanent mechanism of evidence-based social policy. Using the material of registers developed in the USA and the UK, the analysis of the most important structural components of the registers is carried out, with the main focus on the methodology and procedure of practice selection. The authors question the hierarchy of research methodologies and show that experimental design (randomized controlled trials) can be recognized as the “gold standard” of research only under certain conditions — if a linear, simple theory of change is adopted, while the adoption of a complex theory of change requires other research strategies and methods. Based on the analysis, several priority tasks are formulated that need to be addressed in order for the national register of practices being created in Russia to comply with the principles of evidence-based social policy.","PeriodicalId":101997,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences and Childhood","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122487679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Review of Materials on the Current Legislation and Practice of France in the Field of Prevention of Social Orphanhood","authors":"G. Semya","doi":"10.17759/ssc.2021020209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/ssc.2021020209","url":null,"abstract":"The review is devoted to the description of the experience of the French Republic in the field of prevention of social orphanhood, including an analysis of the norms of French legislation that allows a child to be kept in a blood family, a legally formalized system of relations between a child, guardianship authorities, foster family and biological parents. The main directions of activity and key principles of the work of specialists of the child protection system, the grounds and criteria for the temporary removal of a child from the family, the procedure for the temporary removal and placement of a child with family assistants or in non-profit organizations, the conditions for the return of a child to parents are given. At the center of the child and family protection system is a specialized children’s judicial system, which includes judicial authorities and educational services, and centers. The main life scenarios of children at risk of deprivation of parental care who have fallen into the state guardianship system are considered. At the head of all the work is the principle that the main defenders of the rights and interests of the child are his parents, and the process of providing assistance is always based on finding a clear balance between the rights of parents and the interests of the child, and the requirements for the validity of decisions made by specialists, including judges, must be strictly observed. The practice of France is of interest in connection with the reform of the system of protection of the rights of minors, including issues of guardianship and guardianship, initiated in Russia.","PeriodicalId":101997,"journal":{"name":"Social Sciences and Childhood","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130456752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}