Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology最新文献

{"title":"A Rare Overlap of AQP4 and MOG Seropositivity in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report","authors":"Sarah E. Butler,&nbsp;Siew Kar Chen,&nbsp;Mastura Monif","doi":"10.1111/cen3.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen3.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system associated with autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4). This is distinct from myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), defined by anti-MOG antibodies. The coexistence of AQP4 and MOG antibodies is rare and remains incompletely understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present a rare case of a 53-year-old woman with dual AQP4 and MOG antibodies in serum and a clinical presentation of recurrent myelitis. She presented with four discrete episodes of bilateral lower limb sensory deficits and mild weakness. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis demonstrated lymphocytic pleocytosis without oligoclonal bands. An MRI spine demonstrated high T2 signal in the right anterior hemicord; MRI brain demonstrated nodular enhancement within the posterior horn and atrium of the right lateral ventricle. High-titre anti-AQP4 and anti-MOG antibodies were detected in serum and remained positive on serial cell-based assays. Despite maintenance intravenous immunoglobulin, she relapsed and was commenced on rituximab, achieving subsequent clinical stability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dual anti-AQP4 and anti-MOG seropositivity is rare and presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case highlights overlapping clinical features of NMOSD and MOGAD and the need for further research to guide classification and management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10193,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cen3.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confirmed Worsening in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Timed 25-Foot Walk in Routine Multiple Sclerosis Care: A Retrospective Single-Center Longitudinal Study","authors":"Kazuhiro Horiuchi,&nbsp;Shuntaro Nakamura,&nbsp;Kaede Ishikawa,&nbsp;Sumire Nunomura,&nbsp;Kazuki Yamada,&nbsp;Takashi Inoue,&nbsp;Kei Oiwa,&nbsp;Shintaro Fujii,&nbsp;Yuki Oshima,&nbsp;Akihiko Kudo,&nbsp;Ichiro Yabe","doi":"10.1111/cen3.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen3.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Performance-based monitoring in multiple sclerosis (MS) is widely used, yet objective deterioration in routine regional practice is not well quantified. We aimed to estimate 24-month trajectories of cognitive processing speed and ambulation and to quantify confirmed worsening in these performance measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a retrospective, single-center longitudinal study of 59 patients with repeated Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and/or Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW) assessments. Linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts estimated marginal means at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, adjusting for prespecified covariates. T25FW was modeled on the log scale; unmeasurable T25FW was summarized separately. Confirmed performance worsening was defined as at least a 4-point SDMT decline or at least a 20% T25FW increase from baseline, confirmed at a reassessment at least 6 months later. Inference was restricted to 0–24 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mean changes over 24 months were small, but observed paired changes varied widely. Confirmed performance worsening occurred in 7/59 patients (11.9%) for SDMT and 8/56 (14.3%) for T25FW (among those measurable at baseline). Unmeasurable T25FW was present in 3/59 (5.1%) at baseline and occurred during follow-up in 2/56 (3.6%) of baseline-measurable patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In routine regional MS care, approximately one in eight patients met criteria for confirmed worsening in SDMT or T25FW during the 24-month observation period despite modest mean trends. Longitudinal monitoring should also capture transitions to unmeasurable walking status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10193,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148103178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confirmed Worsening in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Timed 25-Foot Walk in Routine Multiple Sclerosis Care: A Retrospective Single-Center Longitudinal Study","authors":"Kazuhiro Horiuchi,&nbsp;Shuntaro Nakamura,&nbsp;Kaede Ishikawa,&nbsp;Sumire Nunomura,&nbsp;Kazuki Yamada,&nbsp;Takashi Inoue,&nbsp;Kei Oiwa,&nbsp;Shintaro Fujii,&nbsp;Yuki Oshima,&nbsp;Akihiko Kudo,&nbsp;Ichiro Yabe","doi":"10.1111/cen3.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen3.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Performance-based monitoring in multiple sclerosis (MS) is widely used, yet objective deterioration in routine regional practice is not well quantified. We aimed to estimate 24-month trajectories of cognitive processing speed and ambulation and to quantify confirmed worsening in these performance measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed a retrospective, single-center longitudinal study of 59 patients with repeated Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and/or Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW) assessments. Linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts estimated marginal means at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, adjusting for prespecified covariates. T25FW was modeled on the log scale; unmeasurable T25FW was summarized separately. Confirmed performance worsening was defined as at least a 4-point SDMT decline or at least a 20% T25FW increase from baseline, confirmed at a reassessment at least 6 months later. Inference was restricted to 0–24 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mean changes over 24 months were small, but observed paired changes varied widely. Confirmed performance worsening occurred in 7/59 patients (11.9%) for SDMT and 8/56 (14.3%) for T25FW (among those measurable at baseline). Unmeasurable T25FW was present in 3/59 (5.1%) at baseline and occurred during follow-up in 2/56 (3.6%) of baseline-measurable patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In routine regional MS care, approximately one in eight patients met criteria for confirmed worsening in SDMT or T25FW during the 24-month observation period despite modest mean trends. Longitudinal monitoring should also capture transitions to unmeasurable walking status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10193,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148103174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10193,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148065416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 37th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Neuroimmunology (JSNI)","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/cen3.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen3.70062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10193,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148066008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10193,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148097907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability, Cognition, and Quality of Life in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: A 2-Year Cohort Study","authors":"Masaaki Niino,&nbsp;Shoko Fukumoto,&nbsp;Yusei Miyazaki,&nbsp;Tatsusada Okuno,&nbsp;Nobuo Sanjo,&nbsp;Hikoaki Fukaura,&nbsp;Masahiro Mori,&nbsp;Takashi Ohashi,&nbsp;Hideyuki Takeuchi,&nbsp;Yuko Shimizu,&nbsp;Juichi Fujimori,&nbsp;Eri Takahashi,&nbsp;Nobuhiro Mifune","doi":"10.1111/cen3.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen3.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate longitudinal changes in cognition, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) over a 2-year follow-up in Japanese individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), and also investigate whether cognition, depression, or HRQOL was associated with subsequent changes in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II), and Functional Assessment of MS (FAMS) were used to assess cognition, depression, and HRQOL, respectively, in 127 Japanese adults with MS (92 women, 35 men; mean age, 41.2 ± 10.7 years). A cross-lagged panel model analysis was used to examine longitudinal associations between each factor and EDSS scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BICAMS scores at the 2-year follow-up were significantly higher than those at baseline. The increase in BICAMS scores from baseline to 2 years was greater in participants with baseline EDSS scores ≤ 3.0 than in those with scores ≥ 3.5. The cross-lagged panel model analysis showed that lower baseline scores on each of the three BICAMS tests were associated with higher EDSS scores 2 years later. Lower baseline FAMS scores, particularly for mobility and emotional well-being, also showed time-lagged associations with higher EDSS scores at the 2-year follow-up after accounting for autoregressive paths.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Japanese individuals with MS, poorer baseline cognitive performance and some HRQOL measures were associated with worse EDSS outcomes at 2 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10193,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148097906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Past, Present, and Future of Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research in Japan","authors":"Masaaki Niino","doi":"10.1111/cen3.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cen3.70063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10193,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cases of AQP4-Antibody-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Successfully Discontinuing Steroids With Satralizumab Treatment: Considerations on the Method of Tapering for Steroids After the Introduction of Satralizumab","authors":"Kiyotaka Nakamagoe,&nbsp;Mayuko Tanaka,&nbsp;Kota Igari,&nbsp;Tetsu Suzuki,&nbsp;Shinji Saiki","doi":"10.1111/cen3.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen3.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Satralizumab is used for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). However, there are currently no standardized guidelines regarding the method or speed of steroid tapering after its introduction. In 2023, we proposed a method to commence tapering prednisolone at a rate of 1 mg every 4 weeks, starting 8 weeks after satralizumab introduction (following four subcutaneous administrations of 120 mg each). Here we report the clinical courses of four patients with aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4)-positive NMOSD who discontinued steroids following a similar tapering method, advocating for the utility of this approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Case 1 (67-year-old female) and Case 2 (66-year-old female) exhibited optic nerve and spinal cord lesions. Case 3 (43-year-old female) involved lesions extending from the medulla to the spinal cord, whereas Case 4 (68-year-old female) exhibited only optic neuritis. All patients were diagnosed with AQP4-antibody-positive NMOSD based on the 2015 International Diagnostic Criteria. The initial prednisolone doses before reduction in Cases 1–4 were 25, 25, 10, and 7 mg/day, respectively. The durations from steroid discontinuation to September 11, 2025, for Cases 1–4 were 248, 1178, 1120, and 838 days, respectively, with no relapses observed to date.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Initiating prednisolone tapering at a rate of 1 mg every 4 weeks starting 8 weeks after satralizumab introduction appears to be an effective and safe approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10193,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cen3.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cases of AQP4-Antibody-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Successfully Discontinuing Steroids With Satralizumab Treatment: Considerations on the Method of Tapering for Steroids After the Introduction of Satralizumab","authors":"Kiyotaka Nakamagoe,&nbsp;Mayuko Tanaka,&nbsp;Kota Igari,&nbsp;Tetsu Suzuki,&nbsp;Shinji Saiki","doi":"10.1111/cen3.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cen3.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Satralizumab is used for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). However, there are currently no standardized guidelines regarding the method or speed of steroid tapering after its introduction. In 2023, we proposed a method to commence tapering prednisolone at a rate of 1 mg every 4 weeks, starting 8 weeks after satralizumab introduction (following four subcutaneous administrations of 120 mg each). Here we report the clinical courses of four patients with aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4)-positive NMOSD who discontinued steroids following a similar tapering method, advocating for the utility of this approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Case 1 (67-year-old female) and Case 2 (66-year-old female) exhibited optic nerve and spinal cord lesions. Case 3 (43-year-old female) involved lesions extending from the medulla to the spinal cord, whereas Case 4 (68-year-old female) exhibited only optic neuritis. All patients were diagnosed with AQP4-antibody-positive NMOSD based on the 2015 International Diagnostic Criteria. The initial prednisolone doses before reduction in Cases 1–4 were 25, 25, 10, and 7 mg/day, respectively. The durations from steroid discontinuation to September 11, 2025, for Cases 1–4 were 248, 1178, 1120, and 838 days, respectively, with no relapses observed to date.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Initiating prednisolone tapering at a rate of 1 mg every 4 weeks starting 8 weeks after satralizumab introduction appears to be an effective and safe approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10193,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cen3.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}