Isabella Almeida Millan de Souza , Bruno Pereira dos Santos , Sabrina Nunes do Nascimento , Letícia Birk , Viviane Cristina Sebben , Sarah Eller , Tiago Franco de Oliveira
{"title":"Evaluation of the applicability of urine lateral flow immunochromatography tests for the detection of cocaine in plasma samples","authors":"Isabella Almeida Millan de Souza , Bruno Pereira dos Santos , Sabrina Nunes do Nascimento , Letícia Birk , Viviane Cristina Sebben , Sarah Eller , Tiago Franco de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Qualitative analysis of cocaine in urine is a common practice in emergency settings. However, positive results from urine screening tests do not necessarily indicate recent exposure. In this context, plasma is considered a more appropriate option due to its shorter detection window and better correlation with symptomatology. Therefore, the availability of rapid tests for this biological matrix is extremely relevant in the clinical and emergency context.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A lateral flow immunochromatography test designed for analyzing cocaine in urine was evaluated for use with plasma samples. A total of 412 samples from suspected cases of intoxication were processed and tested. Concurrently, the samples were analyzed for cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Reliability parameters, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and efficiency, were calculated considering different cutoff values.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Approximately 8.3 % of the samples tested positive in the immunoassay, while 10.2 % had a concentration greater than 5 ng/mL for at least one analyte in the LC-MS/MS analysis. Using benzoylecgonine as the target analyte with a cutoff of 40 ng/mL yielded the best reliability results, with 96.3 % sensitivity and 97.9 % specificity. Cocaine did not show satisfactory results, whereas ecgonine methyl ester, despite having 92.9 % sensitivity and 94.7 % specificity at its best cutoff (20 ng/mL), had a positive predictive value of only 38.2 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study evaluated the suitability of using rapid urine tests for cocaine detection in plasma, offering a simple and quick drug screening method that is particularly useful in toxicological emergencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10172,"journal":{"name":"Clinical biochemistry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 110854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryah Liepert , Shamayel Alhaqqan , Alaa Husain , Heather Lochnan , Ronald A. Booth , Julie Shaw , Cathy J. Sun
{"title":"The potential of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies to support a diagnosis of autoimmune diabetes mellitus","authors":"Maryah Liepert , Shamayel Alhaqqan , Alaa Husain , Heather Lochnan , Ronald A. Booth , Julie Shaw , Cathy J. Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies are a frequently used diagnostic marker for autoimmune forms of diabetes mellitus (DM), namely, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). We sought to provide insight into a unique diagnostic application of anti-GAD antibodies in patients potentially misdiagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We present a case series of patients who had a change in diagnosis from T2DM to autoimmune DM that was supported by positive anti-GAD antibodies. Patients were identified via a retrospective chart review of all anti-GAD antibodies tests ordered between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021 at a tertiary care academic hospital.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 23 patients with previous diagnosis of T2DM, positive anti-GAD antibodies supported the clinician’s decision to change the diagnosis to autoimmune DM. The prominent clinical reasons for ordering anti-GAD antibodies in patients previously diagnosed as T2DM were patient presentation with diabetic ketoacidosis, features of insulin insufficiency, inadequate effect of oral diabetes mellitus medications, young age at diagnosis, and a family history of autoimmune conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Anti-GAD antibodies’ positivity can support a change in diagnosis from T2DM to autoimmune DM, which has substantial impact on patient care. Timely and reliable clinical laboratory reporting of anti-GAD antibodies is highly recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10172,"journal":{"name":"Clinical biochemistry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 110842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juanjuan Cui , Wen Cai , Li Zhang , Yueyuan Wu , Yan Huang , Weifeng Zhao
{"title":"Decreased monocytic HLA-DR in patients with sepsis: Prediction of diagnosis, severity and prognosis","authors":"Juanjuan Cui , Wen Cai , Li Zhang , Yueyuan Wu , Yan Huang , Weifeng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Sepsis is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates, making early recognition and risk stratification critical for preventing delayed treatment and overtreatment. This study investigated the potential of monocytic (m) HLA-DR as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of sepsis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective study, we collected blood in EDTA-anticoagulated tubes within 48 h from patients diagnosed with sepsis or infection and analyzed the percentage of mHLA-DR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin within 2 h of collection. We gathered clinical and laboratory data, including sex, age, and comorbidities, calculated the number of dysfunctional organs and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and recorded the survival status of patients with sepsis on the 30th day after admission.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>mHLA-DR levels were lower in patients with sepsis (median 46.60 [interquartile range 23.86–66.51]%) than infection (75.44 [52.13–91.50]%). mHLA-DR could distinguish sepsis from infection with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.724 (95 %CI 0.624–0.824). Decreased mHLA-DR levels have been found in septic patients with shock or secondary infections. mHLA-DR expression decreased with an increasing number of dysfunctional organs and higher SOFA score. In 30-day non-survivors, mHLA-DR levels were 26.94 (12.06–44.45)%, significantly lower than in survivors (55.20 [24.83–72.37]%). mHLA-DR predicted sepsis prognosis with an AUC of 0.750 (95 %CI 0.623–0.877). When the cut-off value was <52.29 %, the sensitivity and specificity of mHLA-DR for prognosis were 100 % and 52.83 %, respectively. The 30-day survival rate of septic patients with mHLA-DR ≥ 52.29 % was 6.798 (95 %CI 2.075–22.27) times higher than that of patients with mHLA-DR < 52.29 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>mHLA-DR negatively correlates with the severity of sepsis and could be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for sepsis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10172,"journal":{"name":"Clinical biochemistry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 110851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jose D. Santotoribio , Juan Corral-Pérez , David Nuñez-Jurado , Daniel Fatela-Cantillo , Ángela García-De La Torre , Gabriel Orantes-Maroto , Luis Del Valle-Vázquez , Daniel Del Castillo-Otero , Nieves Maira-Gonzalez , Andrés Cobos-Díaz , Juan M. Guerrero , Juan-Bosco Lopez-Saez
{"title":"Malignant pleural effusion risk based on a novel tool using homocysteine and carcinoembryonic antigen in pleural fluid: A multicenter study","authors":"Jose D. Santotoribio , Juan Corral-Pérez , David Nuñez-Jurado , Daniel Fatela-Cantillo , Ángela García-De La Torre , Gabriel Orantes-Maroto , Luis Del Valle-Vázquez , Daniel Del Castillo-Otero , Nieves Maira-Gonzalez , Andrés Cobos-Díaz , Juan M. Guerrero , Juan-Bosco Lopez-Saez","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the Malignant Pleural Effusion Risk (MPER) diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing between benign and malign pleural effusion. Methods: MPER is based on pleural fluid Homocysteine (HCY) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) that were measured using three different methods. MPER was calculated by assessing a previously published probabilistic model: Probability (%) = 100× (1 + e-z)-1, where Z = 0.5471 × [HCY] + 0.3846 × [CEA]–8.2671.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 301 patients were included (140 MPE). MPER demonstrated a high AUC (0.891), sensitivity (84.3 %), and specificity (80.7 %) with a cut-off > 35.3 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The MPER model demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy supporting its use as a novel and powerful tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10172,"journal":{"name":"Clinical biochemistry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 110841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ROC of SII and FIB-4 index for predicting mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients","authors":"Guo-Ming Zhang , Xu-Xiao Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110836","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10172,"journal":{"name":"Clinical biochemistry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 110836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reply to Letter to the Editor “The importance of SII and FIB-4 scores in predicting mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients”","authors":"Gorkem Berna Koyun, Serdar Berk, Omer Tamer Dogan","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110837","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10172,"journal":{"name":"Clinical biochemistry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 110837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ihab Belmokhtar , Karam Yahya Belmokhtar , Saida Lhousni , Majida Charif , Zaina Sidqi , Rachid Seddik , Mohammed Choukri , Mohammed Bellaoui , Redouane Boulouiz
{"title":"Carrier frequency and molecular basis of hemoglobinopathies among blood donors in eastern Morocco: Implications for blood donation and genetic diagnosis","authors":"Ihab Belmokhtar , Karam Yahya Belmokhtar , Saida Lhousni , Majida Charif , Zaina Sidqi , Rachid Seddik , Mohammed Choukri , Mohammed Bellaoui , Redouane Boulouiz","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hemoglobinopathies represent the most commonly inherited autosomal recessive blood disorders in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the carrier frequency and molecular basis of hemoglobinopathies among blood donors in eastern Morocco. This is the first study of its kind for this country.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Healthy blood donors of the BRO Biobank were included in this study. Blood samples were analyzed using an automatic blood cell analyzer for complete blood counts. Hemoglobin fractions were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis and serum ferritin was measured on a chemical and immunological analyzer. Suspected hemoglobinopathy carriers were further characterized by Sanger sequencing, Gap PCR and PCR-RFLP.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study involved 2013 blood donors, of whom 1063 were male and 950 were female (sex ratio male-to-female of 1.1). The median age of these donors was 35 years. The overall carrier frequency of hemoglobinopathies was 1.84 %, with β-thalassemia carriers being the most prevalent (0.65 %) followed by HbAC (0.55 %), α-thalassemia carriers (0.30 %), HbAS (0.1 %), HbAG-Philadelphia (0.1 %), HbAD-Ouled Rabah (0.05 %) and HbAO-Arab (0.05 %). Additionally, novel β-thalassemia variants (C6(−G) and −83(A > G)) and a structural variant (Hb D-Ouled Rabah) were discovered for the first time in Morocco.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provided the first report on carrier frequency and molecular basis of hemoglobinopathies among healthy donors in Morocco. These findings are valuable for the implementation of carrier screening and genetic diagnosis for hemoglobinopathies. Furthermore, these results justify the need to introduce pre-donation screening for hemoglobinopathy carriers in Morocco, particularly in areas with a high prevalence of carriers to enhance the overall quality of the national blood supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10172,"journal":{"name":"Clinical biochemistry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 110840"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Di Santo , Matteo Accinno , Fosca Errante , Manuela Capone , Alessandra Vultaggio , Eleonora Simoncini , Giuditta Zipoli , Lorenzo Cosmi , Francesco Annunziato , Paolo Rovero , Feliciana Real Fernandez
{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of adalimumab and anti-adalimumab antibodies in sera using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor","authors":"Andrea Di Santo , Matteo Accinno , Fosca Errante , Manuela Capone , Alessandra Vultaggio , Eleonora Simoncini , Giuditta Zipoli , Lorenzo Cosmi , Francesco Annunziato , Paolo Rovero , Feliciana Real Fernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Monitoring of therapeutic antibody adalimumab (ADL) and of anti-adalimumab antibodies (AAA) in autoimmune diseases patients' sera has achieved increased attention since several studies showed a correlation between AAA levels and treatment failure. We evaluated a new surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based method that, with slight changes in the analysis condition and in the ligand immobilized on the chip surface, allows to monitor both AAA and ADL. This new label-free method does not require sample pretreatments, and it is fully automated, only requiring the preparation of the chip, which can be used for multiple analysis, and the preparation of the sample sets.</div></div><div><h3>Design & Methods</h3><div>Sera from ADL-treated patients (n = 47) and controls (n = 13) were included in this study. Quantitative analysis of AAA and ADL were performed separately using a new SPR-biosensor, and a commercially available ELISA kit. Agreement was defined by overall, positive, and negative agreement. Wilson Score was used to calculate confidence intervals (CI) on binomial probability and Spearman’s rho and Bland-Altman test were used to assess correlations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ELISA and SPR-based assay were able to identify circulating AAA in ADL-treated patients, with the percentage of positivity varying among the methods, with an overall agreement of 79%. AAA were detected in 18 (38 %) out of the 47 treated patients by the ELISA whereas SPR-based assay detected 10 (21 %) out of 47 samples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Real-time label free SPR-based protocol for both AAA and ADL quantification has been set-up. Although quantitative differences were observed when compared with ELISA, the agreement among methodologies was high, particularly for ADL quantification within the therapeutic window of the drug.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10172,"journal":{"name":"Clinical biochemistry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 110838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaerbanu Nizhamuding , Yang Liu , Jie Zeng , Haijian Zhao , Tianjiao Zhang , Chuanbao Zhang
{"title":"Challenges and Perspectives on the Adoption of Cystatin C testing in China: A laboratory technician’s perspective","authors":"Xiaerbanu Nizhamuding , Yang Liu , Jie Zeng , Haijian Zhao , Tianjiao Zhang , Chuanbao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystatin C (CysC) belongs to the cysteine protease inhibitor superfamily and is produced by all nucleated cells in the body in very stable amounts independent of age, sex, diet, and muscle mass. CysC is considered an ideal biomarker for assessing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) compared to traditional biomarkers for assessing GFR, such as creatinine. However, CysC is not sufficiently utilized for GFR assessment by clinicians, probably for various reasons such as insufficient understanding among clinicians or a lack of standardized quantitative methods. This review discusses and analyzes the aforementioned issues from the perspective of laboratory technicians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10172,"journal":{"name":"Clinical biochemistry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 110839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inflammation and lipoperoxidation in mucopolysaccharidoses type II patients at diagnosis and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","authors":"Camila Aguilar Delgado , Franciele Fátima Lopes , Jéssica Lamberty Faverzani , Graziela Schmitt Ribas , Desirèe Padilha Marchetti , Carolina Fischinger Moura de Souza , Roberto Giugliani , Guilherme Baldo , Carmen Regla Vargas","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is caused by deficiency of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase; one possible therapy for MPS II is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It is established that there is excessive production of reactive species in MPS II patients, which can trigger several processes, such as the inflammatory cascade.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our aim was to outline an inflammatory profile and lipoperoxidation of MPS II patients for a better understanding of disease and possible benefits that HSCT can bring in these processes.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>We investigate oxidative damage to lipids by 15-F2t-isoprostane urinary concentrations and plasma pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in MPS II patients at diagnosis, MPS II post-HSCT patients, and controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-17a concentrations were significantly increased and a tendency toward increased IL-6 production in the diagnosis group was verified. We found significant decrease in IL-4 and increase in 15-F2t-isoprostane concentrations in the diagnosis group, while IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17a and 15-F2t-isoprostane concentrations were similar between control and post-HSCT groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study demonstrated that MPS II patients at diagnosis are in a pro-inflammatory state, bringing a novel result showing increased production of IL-17a, an osteoclastogenic cytokine, as well as demonstrating that these patients have oxidative damage to lipids. Furthermore, evidence suggests that HSCT can reduce inflammation and lipoperoxidation in MPS II patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10172,"journal":{"name":"Clinical biochemistry","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 110834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}