Advances in marine biology最新文献

{"title":"Marine Annelida diversity and taxonomic knowledge in South Africa: A critical review.","authors":"Carol Simon, Dylan Clarke, Jyothi Kara","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2026.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.amb.2026.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the first comprehensive review of marine Annelida in South Africa, including polychaetes, oligochaetes, sipunculids, thalassematids (echiurans) and siboglinids. The literature was reviewed for taxonomic descriptions and revisions, and the validity of taxa described in southern Africa, including those synonymised with globally distributed species, confirmed. Since 1766, >160 manuscripts authored by >90 researchers reported, described and revised >760 annelids from South Africa. About 46 % of the species are indigenous (of which >15 % were described by South African John Day). Revisions conducted since the 1970s re-identified 49 species previously considered cosmopolitan as indigenous, with several recorded here for South African species lists for the first time. Just over 50 species have junior synonyms that were originally described in southern Africa, and most probably represent valid taxa. Less than 3 % of the non-indigenous taxa are alien, with the rest requiring taxonomic revision. Of the 67 families recorded locally, most revisions have been conducted on Eunicidae, Lumbrineridae, Nereididae, Polynoidae, Serpulidae, Spionidae, Syllidae and Terebellidae. Genetic data (mainly mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I) are available for less than 10 % of marine annelid taxa reported locally, limiting detection or identification using metabarcoding or environmental DNA studies. Future research should focus on Oligochaeta, Thalassematidae and Sipuncula, and subtidal, deep water and estuarine habitats. Revisionary work should prioritize taxa for which material identified by local experts like John Day and Ramlal Biseswar are available, as they represent material on which local keys are based.</p>","PeriodicalId":101401,"journal":{"name":"Advances in marine biology","volume":"103 ","pages":"47-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2881(26)00036-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(26)00036-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101401,"journal":{"name":"Advances in marine biology","volume":"104 ","pages":"xxxix-xl"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The tropicalisation of the Mediterranean Sea: A return to the past or an unprecedented future? A brief review and a chorological outlook.","authors":"Annalisa Azzola, Carlo Nike Bianchi, Carla Morri, Monica Montefalcone, Francesco Enrichetti","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2026.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.amb.2026.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Like other warm-temperate seas around the world, the Mediterranean is becoming tropicalised due to seawater warming and the range expansion of tropical species. This review identifies previous tropical phases of the (ancestor of the) Mediterranean in the geological past, seeking analogies with the present condition: the Mesozoic (from an Indo-Pacific character during the Tethys to a circumtropical character in the Mesogea), the Pliocene (Atlantic affinity), and the Last Interglacial (Senegalese affinity). The ongoing situation is analysed by comparing changes in the chorological spectra of two locations in the NW Mediterranean (Portofino Promontory, Ligurian Sea) and SE Mediterranean (Kos Island, Aegean Sea), before and after the major climatic shift that occurred in the 1990s. The increased occurrence of Indo-Pacific species, introduced through the man-made Suez Canal, may be reminiscent of the Mesozoic situation. These new inhabitants, however, have come to coexist with a background of species of Atlantic origin, including many endemics. Apart from Indo-Pacific species, the Mediterranean biota is becoming similar to that of the Last Interglacial, with little or no coral reef development. In addition, human traffic is introducing, voluntarily or involuntarily, many alien species that are generally tropical. Humans represent a factor that was not present in the geological past, and the anthropogenic influence is so pervasive that the current era has been termed the Anthropocene by some. Thus, knowledge of the past will be of little help in predicting the future biotic configuration of the tropical Mediterranean Sea.</p>","PeriodicalId":101401,"journal":{"name":"Advances in marine biology","volume":"103 ","pages":"1-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2881(26)00012-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(26)00012-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101401,"journal":{"name":"Advances in marine biology","volume":"103 ","pages":"xxxv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Get the message: Uncovering cellular signalling processes in marine phytoplankton.","authors":"Lucy Gorman, Ellen Harrison, Andrea Highfield, Katherine Helliwell, Glen Wheeler","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2026.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2026.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine phytoplankton live in diverse and constantly changing environments. They must be able to sense and perceive changes in abiotic and biotic stimuli to exploit the transient availability of resources or avoid damaging stressors. Cell signalling processes to detect their environment are therefore critical to the ecological success of these primary producers, but until recently the cellular mechanisms of signal transduction in marine phytoplankton have remained largely uncharacterised. Advances in genomic and transgenic approaches have greatly enabled our ability to study complex signalling processes, most notably in the diatoms. In addition, sensitive analytical techniques have allowed researchers to begin to unravel the complex composition of extracellular infochemicals emitted and sensed by marine algae. This review will examine these recent advances, focusing primarily on sensory perception and signal transduction in diatoms. We will examine the role of second messengers such as calcium, reactive oxygen species and cyclic nucleotides in sensing a range of abiotic stimuli including light, temperature, nutrients and salinity. We will also review progress made in identifying signalling mechanisms underlying biotic interactions between diatoms and other organisms such as grazers, competitors and microbial symbionts. Whilst diatoms possess many of the conserved cell signalling mechanisms found in other eukaryotes, they also possess unique aspects of cell physiology that underlie their ability to compete in specific aquatic environments. Many aspects of cell signalling in diatoms and other phytoplankton remain to be examined and we identify several important areas for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":101401,"journal":{"name":"Advances in marine biology","volume":"104 ","pages":"85-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine benthic invertebrate biodiversity in South Africa: Advances and gaps in taxonomic and genetic knowledge.","authors":"Kathryn L Morrissey, Lara J Atkinson, Thomas P A Botha, Mark J Gibbons, Janine Baxter, Melissa K Boonzaaier-Davids, Rouane Brokensha, Dylan T Clarke, Nothando M Duma, Karlien Britz, Zoleka Filander, Charles Griffiths, Martin G J Hendricks, David G Herbert, Norton Hiller, Charlene Janion-Scheepers, Georgina Jones, Jyothi Kara, Natasha Karenyi, Jannes Landschoff, Rob W Leslie, Marek R Lipiński, Fiona MacKay, Christopher Mah, Nelisiwe M Manukuza, Gwynneth Matcher, Buyani Mazeka, Monica Mwale, Jennifer M Olbers, Shirley Parker-Nance, Robyn P Payne, Sean N Porter, Toufiek Samaai, Michael H Schleyer, Sinothando S Shibe, Carol A Simon, Ahmed Thandar, Bomikazi Tshingana-Bali, Kerry J Sink","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2026.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2026.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional taxonomy is the foundation of biodiversity science with modern molecular techniques and integrated approaches now essential for advancing our understanding of ocean life. Without improved knowledge of marine biodiversity, it is impossible to address the biodiversity crisis or develop the fundamental science needed to assess, plan and manage marine biodiversity and maintain its many benefits. South Africa harbours exceptional marine biodiversity and has ongoing efforts to systematically list, map, monitor, assess and conserve this national asset. This review consolidates progress in taxonomic knowledge, species lists and molecular barcoding and identifies gaps for benthos-associated invertebrates, a group receiving the least taxonomic attention in the country. Building on previous efforts that revealed major capacity and knowledge gaps, this review updates the state of knowledge, providing a new and accessible baseline and evaluates progress over the past 27 years to guide the next phase of marine invertebrate biodiversity research. Taxonomic advances across 11 major phyla are presented, nine of which have received some level of dedicated revision at phylum, class or family level. Although the taxonomic crisis persists and progress is variable across groups, there has been an appreciable increase in species discovery over the last two decades with more than a thousand invertebrate species added to national lists. Key challenges that hamper efforts and enabling factors supporting progress are identified, with recommendations to consolidate and increase knowledge and capacity, accelerate marine biodiversity discovery and mapping, and address key gaps in our understanding of South Africa's marine invertebrate fauna.</p>","PeriodicalId":101401,"journal":{"name":"Advances in marine biology","volume":"104 ","pages":"117-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crinoid biology and ecology.","authors":"Angela Stevenson, Margaret A Veitch","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2026.08.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2026.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crinoids (Class Crinoidea) are the oldest extant echinoderm lineage and possess one of the most complete fossil records of any marine animal group, spanning almost half a billion years. Although they dominated many Paleozoic benthic ecosystems, only approximately 731 species survive today, occupying habitats from shallow reefs to the deepest ocean trenches. This chapter provides a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on crinoid biology and ecology, integrating evidence from modern and fossil taxa to examine the evolutionary processes that have shaped their remarkable persistence and diversity. We introduce general crinoid systematics, and review global biogeographic and bathymetric patterns, changes in community composition through geological time, and functional morphology, including mutable collagenous tissues, sensory biology, and their exceptional regenerative capacity. We then explore the ecological mechanisms underlying habitat selection, suspension feeding, locomotion, predator-prey interactions, symbioses, and the ecosystem functions of crinoid assemblages. Particular emphasis is placed on behavioural and physiological adaptations that enable crinoids to exploit diverse marine environments, from coral reefs to the deep sea, and on insights gained from comparisons between living species and the fossil record. Finally, we examine the growing range of anthropogenic pressures affecting crinoids, including climate change, pollution, disease, fisheries, and habitat degradation, and highlight major knowledge gaps that continue to limit effective conservation and management. Together, this chapter provides an up-to-date overview of crinoid biology, ecology, and evolution, demonstrating how this ancient lineage continues to inform our understanding of marine biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and evolutionary resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":101401,"journal":{"name":"Advances in marine biology","volume":"104 ","pages":"1-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0065-2881(25)00050-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2881(25)00050-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101401,"journal":{"name":"Advances in marine biology","volume":"102 ","pages":"xxxv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coral reefs as ocean-connected ecosystems: Impacts on food webs and reef futures under climate change.","authors":"Michael D Fox, Gareth J Williams","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coral reef ecosystems are inherently dependent on their surrounding ocean. Mounting evidence reveals that oceanographic processes deliver pelagic subsidies that shape coral reef food webs and influence reef persistence following disturbance. These findings are challenging the classical view of reefs as 'self-sustaining' ecosystems in oligotrophic seas. Yet our observations of these biophysical interactions are limited, and we lack a fundamental understanding of how ocean-reef interactions structure shallow reef dynamics. As climate change continues to alter fundamental physical processes within our ocean, the impacts of ocean-reef interactions on reef futures remain unknown. In this review, we offer a forward-looking perspective to catalyze our understanding of ocean-reef connections through interdisciplinary studies and more standardized approaches to data collection and validation. We provide a primer for ecologists on some of the foundational physical processes structuring subsurface temperature dynamics and resource supply to coral reef ecosystems and synthesize the available evidence on how these biophysical interactions influence reef food webs, from microbes to sharks and ultimately humans. Lastly, we emphasize how climate change is restructuring vital biophysical processes in the ocean and on reefs and identify practical solutions for improving our ability to more critically evaluate ocean-reef interactions across scales. Achieving this will be crucial to improve our projections of coral reef futures and to help inform strategic management to support and promote reef persistence under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":101401,"journal":{"name":"Advances in marine biology","volume":"102 ","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical data on age, growth and reproduction of pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (Kogia sima) sperm whales stranded along the Southern African coastline, with additional information from Australian specimens.","authors":"Stephanie Plön, Herman W Oosthuizen, Peter B Best, Victor G Cockcroft, Catherine Kemper, Ric T F Bernard","doi":"10.1016/bs.amb.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.amb.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;South Africa has one of the highest stranding records in the world for both pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (K. sima) sperm whales and as such offers a unique opportunity to study these little-known species. Data and samples from animals stranded along the South African and Namibian coastline between 1960 and 1999 were analysed to determine basic life history parameters for the two species. Teeth from 80 K. breviceps and 45 K. sima from South Africa and an additional 27 K. breviceps and one K. sima from Australia were available for age determination. A good correlation between cemental and dentinal age estimates was found for both species, although cemental readings may not be as reliable in K. sima as they are for K. breviceps. Length at birth for K. breviceps was about 120 cm and the weight around 53 kg, while it was about 103 cm and 14 kg for K. sima. The asymptotic length for K. breviceps was calculated as 306.04 cm by 286.08 cm for females and males. Assuming one growth layer group (GLG) to be equal to one year, both sexes reached physical maturity at about the same age of 15 years. A life expectancy between 16 and 23 years was determined for the species. For K. sima, the asymptotic length was 249.14 cm in females and 263.75 cm in males. This corresponds to 13 and 16 years of age for females and males, respectively. A life expectancy of 17-22 years was determined for K. sima. Reversed sexual dimorphism is suggested for K. breviceps, while there appears to be little size difference between the sexes in K. sima. Reproductive organs from 19 male and 25 female K. breviceps and 19 male and 26 female K. sima were examined to determine reproductive status. The onset of sexual maturity was estimated to be at about 262 cm and around five years in female K. breviceps and at about 215 cm and around five GLGs in female K. sima. The ovulation rate of 0.9 per year for K. breviceps indicated that, on average, ovulations occurred about every 13.3 months. The gestation length is approximately 11 months and conceptions occur from April to September and births possibly occurring from March to August in K. breviceps. In K. sima, the ovulation rate of 0.7 per year indicates that ovulations occur about every 17.1 months (or roughly one and a half years) and gestation length is 11-12 months. Both conceptions and births occurred between December and March and 11.5 % of mature females were found to be simultaneously lactating and pregnant. These data indicated that K. sima may also show annual reproduction, if the conditions are right, although that may be facultative and some animals may only reproduce every two years. The reproductive strategy determined for both Kogia species indicated that a relatively high percentage of females was simultaneously lactating and pregnant, but the accumulation rate of corpora showed that although K. breviceps may have an annual reproduction, at least some K. sima females may only reproduce every two years. Both species exh","PeriodicalId":101401,"journal":{"name":"Advances in marine biology","volume":"100 ","pages":"1-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}