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[Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Guide for Radiologists]. [大语言模型：放射科医生综合指南]。
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2024.0080
Sunkyu Kim, Choong-Kun Lee, Seung-Seob Kim
{"title":"[Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Guide for Radiologists].","authors":"Sunkyu Kim, Choong-Kun Lee, Seung-Seob Kim","doi":"10.3348/jksr.2024.0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2024.0080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the global landscape of technology beyond the field of natural language processing. Owing to their extensive pre-training using vast datasets, contemporary LLMs can handle tasks ranging from general functionalities to domain-specific areas, such as radiology, without the need for additional fine-tuning. Importantly, LLMs are on a trajectory of rapid evolution, addressing challenges such as hallucination, bias in training data, high training costs, performance drift, and privacy issues, along with the inclusion of multimodal inputs. The concept of small, on-premise open source LLMs has garnered growing interest, as fine-tuning to medical domain knowledge, addressing efficiency and privacy issues, and managing performance drift can be effectively and simultaneously achieved. This review provides conceptual knowledge, actionable guidance, and an overview of the current technological landscape and future directions in LLMs for radiologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":101329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology","volume":"85 5","pages":"861-882"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Endovascular Treatment of Iatrogenic Iliac Vein Rupture during Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report. 全髋关节置换术中先天性髂静脉破裂的血管内治疗：病例报告。
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2024.0009
Dong Hyuk Yang, Suyoung Park, Jeong Ho Kim, Jung Han Hwang
{"title":"Endovascular Treatment of Iatrogenic Iliac Vein Rupture during Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report.","authors":"Dong Hyuk Yang, Suyoung Park, Jeong Ho Kim, Jung Han Hwang","doi":"10.3348/jksr.2024.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2024.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a case of iatrogenic iliac vein rupture with venous thrombosis during total hip arthroplasty that was endovascularly treated with the insertion of covered and uncovered stents, aspiration, and balloon maceration of the thrombus. We describe in detail, with a schematic diagram, an endovascular treatment method that can be performed under local anesthesia alone and explain how to overcome the situation when the diameter of the covered stent is inadequate to cover the iliac vein.</p>","PeriodicalId":101329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology","volume":"85 5","pages":"981-985"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer and its Mimicking Lesions. 胰腺癌及其模拟病变的鉴别诊断。
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2023.0100
Dong Hyuk Yang, So Hyun Park, Sungjin Yoon
{"title":"Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer and its Mimicking Lesions.","authors":"Dong Hyuk Yang, So Hyun Park, Sungjin Yoon","doi":"10.3348/jksr.2023.0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2023.0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic cancer is usually detected through contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. However, pancreatic cancer is occasionally overlooked because of its small size or is misdiagnosed as other conditions due to atypical imaging features that present diagnostic challenges. Considering the rapid growth and poor prognosis associated with pancreatic cancer, the ability to accurately detect and differentiate pancreatic lesions is crucial for appropriate surgical intervention. Reviewing diverse challenging cases of pancreatic cancer at an early stage and other mimicking lesions may help us accurately interpret the imaging features of pancreatic cancer on CT and MRI scans. Therefore, we aimed to illustrate various imaging features of pancreatic cancer and its mimicking lesions and provide valuable insights for differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":101329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology","volume":"85 5","pages":"902-915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Findings of Endoscopic US and CT of Esophageal Disease. 食管疾病的内窥镜 US 和 CT 检查结果。
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2023.0136
Su Min Yun, Jeong A Yeom, Ji Won Lee, Gwang Ha Kim, Kyung Jin Nam, Yeon Joo Jeong
{"title":"Findings of Endoscopic US and CT of Esophageal Disease.","authors":"Su Min Yun, Jeong A Yeom, Ji Won Lee, Gwang Ha Kim, Kyung Jin Nam, Yeon Joo Jeong","doi":"10.3348/jksr.2023.0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2023.0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various diseases can affect the esophagus. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), which provides precise information about the layers of the esophageal wall, is the primary approach used to investigate esophageal diseases. However, CT is one of the most important imaging modalities for diagnosing esophageal diseases as it can elucidate mediastinal involvement, adjacent lymphadenopathy, and distant disease spread. These two modalities complement each other in the diagnosis of esophageal diseases. Although radiologists may be unfamiliar with EUS procedures and their interpretation, understanding them aids in the differential diagnosis of esophageal conditions. This pictorial essay illustrates the EUS and CT findings of various esophageal diseases originating in the esophageal wall.</p>","PeriodicalId":101329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology","volume":"85 5","pages":"883-901"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease in the Diaphragm: A Case Report. 膈肌中的免疫球蛋白 G4 相关疾病：病例报告
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2024.0042
Jin Woo Kim, Taehwa Kim, Kun-Il Kim, Yeon Joo Jeong, Dohyung Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Yun Seong Kim
{"title":"Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease in the Diaphragm: A Case Report.","authors":"Jin Woo Kim, Taehwa Kim, Kun-Il Kim, Yeon Joo Jeong, Dohyung Kim, Dong Hoon Shin, Yun Seong Kim","doi":"10.3348/jksr.2024.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2024.0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated condition characterized by mass-forming inflammation with a sclerosing pattern that can affect nearly any organ. However, involvement of the diaphragm in IgG4-RD is exceptionally rare. We present the case of a 62-year-old male patient with chest radiographic abnormalities. Further investigation with CT revealed an infiltrative mass in the right hemidiaphragm. This mass, composed of engorged feeding vessels, an atypical manifestation of IgG4-RD, was also associated with lymphadenopathy. Surgical excision confirmed the presence of IgG4-positive cell infiltration, solidifying the diagnosis of IgG4-RD. Notably, the patient remained asymptomatic and did not require any treatment postoperatively. This case highlights the uncommon presentation of IgG4-RD as an infiltrative diaphragmatic mass.</p>","PeriodicalId":101329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology","volume":"85 5","pages":"954-959"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Primer on Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models in Medical Imaging]. [医学影像中的生成人工智能和大型语言模型入门]。
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2024.0066
Kiduk Kim, Gil-Sun Hong, Namkug Kim
{"title":"[Primer on Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models in Medical Imaging].","authors":"Kiduk Kim, Gil-Sun Hong, Namkug Kim","doi":"10.3348/jksr.2024.0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2024.0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent advent of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, has drawn attention to generative artificial intelligence (AI) in a number of fields. Generative AI can produce different types of data including text, images, and voice, depending on the training methods and datasets used. Additionally, recent advancements in multimodal techniques, which can simultaneously process multiple data types like text and images, have expanded the potential of using multimodal generative AI in the medical environment where various types of clinical and imaging information are used together. This review summarizes the concepts and types of LLMs, image generative AI, and multimodal AI, and it examines the status and future possibilities of generative AI in the field of radiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":101329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology","volume":"85 5","pages":"848-860"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Explainable & Safe Artificial Intelligence in Radiology]. [放射学中可解释且安全的人工智能]。
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2024.0118
Synho Do
{"title":"[Explainable & Safe Artificial Intelligence in Radiology].","authors":"Synho Do","doi":"10.3348/jksr.2024.0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2024.0118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming radiology with improved diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, but prediction uncertainty remains a critical challenge. This review examines key sources of uncertainty-out-of-distribution, aleatoric, and model uncertainties-and highlights the importance of independent confidence metrics and explainable AI for safe integration. Independent confidence metrics assess the reliability of AI predictions, while explainable AI provides transparency, enhancing collaboration between AI and radiologists. The development of zero-error tolerance models, designed to minimize errors, sets new standards for safety. Addressing these challenges will enable AI to become a trusted partner in radiology, advancing care standards and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":101329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology","volume":"85 5","pages":"834-847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sarcoidosis with a Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis Pattern Presenting as Persistent Low-Grade Fever: A Case Report. 肉样瘤病伴坏死性肉样瘤肉芽肿病模式，表现为持续低热：病例报告。
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2024.0007
Se Ri Kang, Keum Ha Choi, Ji Young Rho
{"title":"Sarcoidosis with a Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis Pattern Presenting as Persistent Low-Grade Fever: A Case Report.","authors":"Se Ri Kang, Keum Ha Choi, Ji Young Rho","doi":"10.3348/jksr.2024.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2024.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis (NSG), now referred to as \"sarcoidosis with NSG pattern,\" is an uncommon variant of sarcoidosis. NSG is characterized by a trio of features: sarcoid granulomas, vasculitis, and extensive areas of necrosis. Symptoms can include cough, fever, chest pain, and dyspnea, typically presenting as either solitary or multiple lung nodules or masses. In this report, we describe a case of NSG accompanied by a persistent low-grade fever. Unlike the dominant presentation of NSG with single or multiple nodules, our case demonstrated diffuse micronodules with combined perilymphatic and random distribution on CT. Histological examination revealed widespread necrotizing granulomas surrounded by anthracotic pigmentation, alongside necrosis and vasculitis, diverging from the classic presentation of sarcoidosis. The diagnosis of NSG was established through a multidisciplinary discussion. The patient was administered oral prednisolone that led to noticeable clinical and radiological improvement within three months.</p>","PeriodicalId":101329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology","volume":"85 5","pages":"948-953"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unusual Imaging Findings of Epithelioid Hemangioma: Case Report of Single Intramedullary Sclerotic Bone Lesion. 上皮样血管瘤的异常影像学发现：单发髓内硬化性骨病变病例报告
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2024.0033
Yun Chul Hwang, Tae Eun Kim, Jae Hyuck Yi
{"title":"Unusual Imaging Findings of Epithelioid Hemangioma: Case Report of Single Intramedullary Sclerotic Bone Lesion.","authors":"Yun Chul Hwang, Tae Eun Kim, Jae Hyuck Yi","doi":"10.3348/jksr.2024.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2024.0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epithelioid hemangioma (EH) is an uncommon, benign vascular tumor of mesenchymal origin. It mainly presents as a tumor with a lytic appearance and septations. However, no case reports have documented the predominantly sclerotic appearance of EH. Here, we present the imaging findings, including X-ray, CT, MRI, and histopathological findings of a 24-year-old female with EH.</p>","PeriodicalId":101329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology","volume":"85 5","pages":"986-991"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Preface for Special Issue on Explainable/Reliable Artificial Intelligence, and Generative Artificial Intelligence with Large Language Model for Radiologist]. [为 "可解释/可靠的人工智能特刊 "和 "为放射科医生提供大语言模型的生成人工智能 "作序]。
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2024.0123
Dae Chul Jung
{"title":"[Preface for Special Issue on Explainable/Reliable Artificial Intelligence, and Generative Artificial Intelligence with Large Language Model for Radiologist].","authors":"Dae Chul Jung","doi":"10.3348/jksr.2024.0123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3348/jksr.2024.0123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101329,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology","volume":"85 5","pages":"833"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11473990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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