Cellulose Chemistry and Technology最新文献_第2页

THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF MONO- AND DIETHANOLAMINEBORATE MODIFIED WOOD IN AIR ATMOSPHERE 单、二乙醇胺硼酸盐改性木材在空气中的热分解

4区农林科学

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.62

IRINA STEPINA, YULIA ZHEGLOVA

{"title":"THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF MONO- AND DIETHANOLAMINEBORATE MODIFIED WOOD IN AIR ATMOSPHERE","authors":"IRINA STEPINA, YULIA ZHEGLOVA","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.62","url":null,"abstract":"\"For cellulosic materials used in various branches of the economy, the issue of increasing thermal stability is still relevant today. Especially acute is the problem of fire resistance for wood materials used in building structures. In our work, we investigated the effect of mono- and diethanolamine borates on the thermal decomposition of wood in an air atmosphere. It has been previously found that mono- and diethanolaminoborates, when used as surface modifiers, provide 100% biostability to plant raw materials. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to identify the flame retardant effect of the described modifiers. In the course of the study, it was found that the developed compositions, the main components of which are boron-nitrogen compounds, effectively reduce the combustibility of wood materials, suppress smoldering, and reduce the burning rate of wood. Since it is the smoldering of wood after the liquidation of the fire that is the main cause of structural collapse, which prevents evacuation during the fire, the use of the developed compositions for fire protection of wooden structures is extremely appropriate. A regression model of the dependence of activation energy on conversion has been obtained and substantiated on the basis of correlation and regression analysis. The presented semi-logarithmic model can be further applied to predict the dependence of the activation energy value of the thermal decomposition process of modified wood on the degree of conversion.\"","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IMPACT OF GLUTARALDEHYDE CROSSLINKING AGENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF NONWOVEN VISCOSE FABRIC–POLYVINYL ALCOHOL FLEXIBLE COMPOSITES 戊二醛交联剂对粘胶非织造布-聚乙烯醇柔性复合材料性能的影响

4区农林科学

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.76

HARWINDER SINGH, AROBINDO CHATTERJEE, NIDHI YADAV

{"title":"IMPACT OF GLUTARALDEHYDE CROSSLINKING AGENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF NONWOVEN VISCOSE FABRIC–POLYVINYL ALCOHOL FLEXIBLE COMPOSITES","authors":"HARWINDER SINGH, AROBINDO CHATTERJEE, NIDHI YADAV","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.76","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, researchers and industries have made efforts to decrease the reliance on fossil fuel-based materials due to the rise in environmental consciousness. A potential environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based, non-biodegradable polymeric materials is known to be natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a biodegradable synthetic polymer that is water-soluble, easy to use, having film-formation property and good potential as a biodegradable matrix in environmentally friendly composites. The objective of this work has been to create a versatile, lightweight, flexible bio-composite based on nonwoven viscose fabric using PVA and a crosslinking agent (glutaraldehyde), and to analyze the effects of the crosslinking agent and of the nonwoven viscose filler in the PVA matrix on the mechanical and UV properties of the composite. The structural, chemical and mechanical properties of the composite were investigated using FTIR, and tensile and UV testing. The results showed that the composite exhibited high tensile strength, but with a drop in elongation. FTIR verified the interaction of the two polymers in the composites. The flexible bio-composite can be potentially used for food packaging applications.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EFFECTS OF BALL MILLING AND ENZYME TREATMENT ON CELLULOSE ACETYLATION 球磨和酶处理对纤维素乙酰化的影响

4区农林科学

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.64

M. MAHBUBUR RAHMAN, MD. NURUL ANWAR KHAN, MD. KAMRUL HASAN, MAHBUB ALAM, M. MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN, M. SHAHRIAR BASHAR, MD. AFTAB ALI SHAIKH, M. SARWAR JAHAN

{"title":"EFFECTS OF BALL MILLING AND ENZYME TREATMENT ON CELLULOSE ACETYLATION","authors":"M. MAHBUBUR RAHMAN, MD. NURUL ANWAR KHAN, MD. KAMRUL HASAN, MAHBUB ALAM, M. MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN, M. SHAHRIAR BASHAR, MD. AFTAB ALI SHAIKH, M. SARWAR JAHAN","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.64","url":null,"abstract":"A novel process was developed to produce cellulose acetate from bleached hardwood kraft pulp (BHKP) through ball milling and cellulase treatment. The ball milling and/or cellulase treatment of BHKP increased the esterification reaction, but enzyme treatment reduced the viscosity of the produced cellulose acetate (CA). The degree of substitution (DS) values upon acetylation were 2.26 for BHKP, 2.61 for ball-milled BHKP and 2.91 for ball milled followed by cellulase treatment of BHKP. The prepared CA was also characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, 1H-NMR and SEM. A strong band for –OH stretching of cellulose disappeared and created a strong band for carbonyl (C=O) group on esterification of BHKP. The crystallinity index of BHKP was 63.3%, which completely disappeared on acetylation, demonstrating the successful esterification of cellulose. The initial weight loss of cellulose acetates was lower than that of the native cellulose, as observed in TGA, indicating the acetylated samples are less hydrophilic. 1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the complete structure of cellulose acetate.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EVALUATING SUITABLE CHELATING AGENTS FOR Q STAGE IN TCF BLEACHING OF WHEAT STRAW ALKALINE PULPS 麦草碱性纸浆TCF漂白q期合适螯合剂的评价

4区农林科学

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.73

EVREN ERSOY KALYONCU, HÜSEYIN KIRCI, EMRAH PEŞMAN

引用次数: 0

A BIOSORBENT MATERIAL FROM BRAHEA EDULIS PALM LEAVES – APPLICATION TO AMOXICILLIN ADSORPTION 棕榈叶生物吸附材料在阿莫西林吸附中的应用

4区农林科学

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.79

KHEIRA DJELLOULI DELLA, GHANIA HENINI, YAKHLEF LAIDANI

{"title":"A BIOSORBENT MATERIAL FROM BRAHEA EDULIS PALM LEAVES – APPLICATION TO AMOXICILLIN ADSORPTION","authors":"KHEIRA DJELLOULI DELLA, GHANIA HENINI, YAKHLEF LAIDANI","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.79","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, fibers from the leaves of Brahea edulis palm (BEF) have been successfully used as a cheap, sustainable and eco-friendly biosorbent to remove the antibiotic Amoxicillin (AMX) from an aqueous solution using a batch process. This pharmaceutical product is present in domestic and industrial waste water. The characterization of BEF was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of XRD showed that BEF has a semicrystalline structure. SEM images revealed its morphology, surface structure and porous nature. FTIR results showed the presence of different functional groups (hydroxyls, carboxyls, amines, etc.). Several physicochemical parameters, such as porosity, ash content, moisture content, and isoelectronic point (pHpzc), were analyzed. The batch biosorption process of Amoxicillin by BEF was monitored with a UV-visible spectrophotometer at λ = 228 nm. Different operating parameters, such as contact time, biosorbent mass, pH, temperature and adsorbate concentration, were evaluated to find the maximum level of biosorption. The contact time of 90 minutes, 50 mg/L initial Amoxicillin concentration, 1.5 g biosorbent mass and 313 K temperature were found to be the optimum conditions that led to a percentage removal of AMX of 58% at pH 6.5. The maximum adsorption at high temperature indicates that this biosorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

INFLUENCE OF SOLVENT HYSTERESIS IN THERMOCHROMIC OFFSET PRINTS ON THE THERMOCHROMISM EFFECT 热致变色胶印中溶剂滞回对热致变色效果的影响

4区农林科学

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.74

MIRELA ROZIĆ

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF SOLVENT HYSTERESIS IN THERMOCHROMIC OFFSET PRINTS ON THE THERMOCHROMISM EFFECT","authors":"MIRELA ROZIĆ","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.74","url":null,"abstract":"\"The colorimetric values of prints of three thermochromic offset inks on four different paper substrates – bulky, synthetic, filter (neat cellulose) and recycled in one heating-cooling cycle – were determined. Prints that are cooled are lighter than those that are heated at the same temperature. This phenomenon is a consequence of the hysteresis of the solvent inside or outside the microcapsules. The solidification temperature of the solvent is lower than the melting point of the solvent. Due to solvent hysteresis, the concentration of solvent in the solid aggregate state at the same temperature is lower when the prints are cooled than when they are heated. Therefore, the liquid solvent prevents the interaction of dyes and developers and the formation of their colored complex, i.e. color development, and the prints are lighter, i.e. less colored. The colorimetric cooling curves are therefore shifted to the left relative to the heating colorimetric curves. As regards certain paper substrates, for example, when the printing paper is very compressible, as in the case of bulky paper, the deformations of many microcapsules are so great that they become completely inactive in terms of color development.\"","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EFFECT OF CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS FROM RED COCONUT PEDUNCLE WASTE AS REINFORCEMENT IN EPOXY COMPOSITE SHEETS 红椰梗废纤维素纳米纤维在环氧复合材料中的增强作用

4区农林科学

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.75

GURUMOORTHY R. RAGHAV, RAJENDRAN ASHOK KUMAR, JAWAHARLAL K. NAGARAJAN, CHANDRAN VIGNESH, FELIX SAHAYARAJ AROKIASAMY, EDI SYAFRI

{"title":"EFFECT OF CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS FROM RED COCONUT PEDUNCLE WASTE AS REINFORCEMENT IN EPOXY COMPOSITE SHEETS","authors":"GURUMOORTHY R. RAGHAV, RAJENDRAN ASHOK KUMAR, JAWAHARLAL K. NAGARAJAN, CHANDRAN VIGNESH, FELIX SAHAYARAJ AROKIASAMY, EDI SYAFRI","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.75","url":null,"abstract":"Organic filler-reinforced thermosetting polymer composites, when contrasted with ferrous, nonferrous, and their respective alloys, offer a broad spectrum of applications. Extensive research has been dedicated to enhancing the intrinsic mechanical and thermal properties of composite materials, with a particular focus on environmentally friendly, recyclable, and biodegradable reinforcements. As a result, the present study involved the preparation of composites by amalgamating cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) sourced from agricultural waste with epoxy to augment the characteristics of polymer composites. The CNFs-reinforced epoxy composites were fabricated via the compression molding process, incorporating filler loadings ranging from 1% to 3% by weight. A comprehensive experimental investigation was conducted on the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness) and thermal properties (heat deflection temperature) of these composites. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was employed to examine the surface characteristics and fractured surfaces of the composites. The results revealed that, among the produced composites, those containing 2 wt% CNFs in the epoxy exhibited superior mechanical properties, outstanding tensile and flexural strengths of 42.8 ± 2 MPa and 106.1 ± 1.6 MPa, respectively, along with an impact strength of 13 ± 2.5 KJ/m² and a hardness rating of 21.2. Notably, these 2 wt% CNFs-reinforced epoxy composites exhibited a 7% increase in the heat deflection temperature, compared to the pristine epoxy resin.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A STUDY OF CELLULOSE AND LIGNIN EXTRACTED FROM SĀNCI BARK AND THEIR MODIFICATION sĀnci树皮中纤维素和木质素的提取及其改性研究

4区农林科学

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.63

ASADULLA ASRAF ALI, SHIRSA MAZUMDAR, ROBIN KUMAR DUTTA

{"title":"A STUDY OF CELLULOSE AND LIGNIN EXTRACTED FROM SĀNCI BARK AND THEIR MODIFICATION","authors":"ASADULLA ASRAF ALI, SHIRSA MAZUMDAR, ROBIN KUMAR DUTTA","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.63","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have been carried out regarding different early and medieval writing bases like papyrus, birch bark, parchment, and Tālpātra. The quality of plant-derived manuscript writing bases has been aided by the presence of cellulose and lignin in plant cell walls. Sāncipāt, a popular writing base in early and medieval Assam, India, has not yet been thoroughly studied in this regard. In this paper, a scientific attempt has been made to reveal the physicochemical and mechanical properties of cellulose and lignin fibre in Sāncipāt. Various analytical techniques, including FTIR, P-XRD, TEM, UTM, were employed to characterize the cellulose fibres and lignin extracted from both old and new Sāncipāt, as well as their modified forms. A comparative analysis was made between the old and new bark samples of both cellulose fibres and lignin, and the general conclusions drawn from this work can be attributed to structural, thermal, and morphological changes of both cellulose fibres and lignin with degradation and decomposition, accompanied by ageing. The structural and chemical compositions of the extracted samples from the old and new barks were found to be almost identical, indicating only some minor degradation. While FTIR and UV spectroscopic analyses of the samples confirmed the successful extraction of cellulose fibres and lignin, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques allowed observing the structural and morphological changes that had occurred in the old bark samples as a result of ageing. Thermal stability studies and tensile strength measurements were also carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of the old and new bark samples.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

REINFORCEMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND SWELLING ABILITY OF STARCH-G-POLY 4-ACRYLAMIDOBENZOIC ACID USING CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES 壳聚糖纳米颗粒增强淀粉- g -聚4-丙烯酰胺苯甲酸的抗菌活性和溶胀能力

4区农林科学

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.71

NAHED A. ABD EL-GHANY, MOHAMED S. ABDEL AZIZ, MARWA M. ABDEL-AZIZ, ZAIN M. MAHMOUD

引用次数: 0

BIOCOMPATIBLE AND ANTIMICROBIAL CELLULOSE ACETATE NANOFIBER MEMBRANE FROM BANANA (MUSA ACUMINATA X BALBISIANA) PSEUDOSTEM FIBERS FOR WOUND HEALING AND TISSUE ENGINEERING 香蕉(musa acuminata x balbisiana)假茎纤维制备的生物相容性和抗菌醋酸纤维素纳米纤维膜用于伤口愈合和组织工程

4区农林科学

Cellulose Chemistry and Technology Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.70

CARLO M. MACASPAG, JENNELI E. CAYA, JULIUS L. LEAÑO JR.

{"title":"BIOCOMPATIBLE AND ANTIMICROBIAL CELLULOSE ACETATE NANOFIBER MEMBRANE FROM BANANA (MUSA ACUMINATA X BALBISIANA) PSEUDOSTEM FIBERS FOR WOUND HEALING AND TISSUE ENGINEERING","authors":"CARLO M. MACASPAG, JENNELI E. CAYA, JULIUS L. LEAÑO JR.","doi":"10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.70","url":null,"abstract":"Electrospun nanofiber membranes play a vital role in the biomedical field, especially for wound healing and tissue engineering applications. This study explored the development of biocompatible and antibacterial cellulose acetate electrospun nanofiber membranes prepared from banana pseudostem fibers. Cellulose rich dissolving pulp from alkali treated banana pseudostem fibers was subjected to esterification reaction to produce cellulose acetate. The synthesized cellulose acetate and chlorhexidine (CHX), an antimicrobial agent, were dissolved in 2:1 acetone:N,N-dimethylacetamide solvent and subsequently electrospun into a nanofiber membrane. FT-IR spectroscopy of the nanofiber confirmed the presence of cellulose acetate and the successful incorporation of CHX into the nanofibers. SEM imaging showed that the fiber diameter of the nanofiber membrane ranged from 200 nm to 300 nm. The MTT cytotoxicity assay and antimicrobial assay of nanofibers revealed that the nanofiber membrane with chlorhexidine concentration of 1.0 w/v was the optimum formulation as it achieved potent antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition (ZOI): Escherichia coli – 18.38 mm and Staphylococcus aureus – 22.51 mm), while exhibiting low cytotoxicity to human intestinal epithelial cell line, HIEC-6 (percent cell inhibition: 13.07% and IC50: >100 μg/mL). The results indicated successful preparation of biocompatible and antimicrobial nanofiber membranes from banana pseudostem fiber with potential application in wound healing and tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":10130,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose Chemistry and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0