中华传染病杂志最新文献

{"title":"Effect of early application of magnesium sulfate on neurological dysfunction in severe hand, foot, and mouth disease","authors":"Yajie Cui, Chunlan Song, Peng Li, Lin Zhu, Fangzhou Chen, Liping Li, Yibing Cheng","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To explore the protective effect of magnesium sulfate on the nerve injury in severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and to investigate its clinical and prognostic effects. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000A total of 240 cases of severe HFMD with EV-A71 infection and nerve injury were enrolled. According to the random number table method, the patients were randomly divided into conventional treatment group (control group) and magnesium sulfate treatment group (treatment group), with 120 cases in each group. The control group was given the routine treatment, and the treatment group was given the magnesium sulfate adjuvant treatment on the basis of routine treatment. The neurological symptoms and signs, clinical efficacy and prognosis were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. The blood and cerebrospinal fluid neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100-β protein and neuropeptide Y(NPY) were analyzed before and after treatment. The amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) was used to monitor the abnormal recovery of EEG. The t-test was applied to analyze quantitative data, and the chi-square test was used for qualitative data comparison. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Among children with severe HFMD, there were 83 cured cases, 29 improved cases and 8 ineffective cases in control group, with the total effective rate of 93.3%; while in the treatment group, 101 cases were cured, 18 cases were improved and 1 case was ineffective, the total effective rate was 99.2%. The therapeutic effects (Z=2.918, P=0.004) and the total effective rate (χ2=4.156, P=0.041) were statistically significantly different between the two groups. Three days after treatment, the average levels of serum NSE, S100-β protein and NPY in magnesium sulfate treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group (t=-7.239, -10.020 and -11.053, respectively, all P 0.05); while after treatment for 3 days, 76 cases in treatment group returned to normal, and the recovery rate of aEEG was 76.8%, which was higher than that in control group (52.6%). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=12.406, P<0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Magnesium sulfate adjuvant therapy can reduce the abnormal levels of NSE, S100-β and NPY in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, relieve clinical symptoms, shorten the course of disease and average length of hospital stay, improve the neurological function score, and promote the recovery of abnormal aEEG. Thus, it has neuroprotective effect on severe HFMD with nervous system lesion. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Hand, foot and mouth disease; Magnesium Sulfate; Neuroprotection","PeriodicalId":10127,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46956847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of endotoxin tolerant dendritic cell immune function and its effect on sepsis in mouse model","authors":"M. Yang, Yukai Chen, C. Hou, De-Yun Kong, Shanshan Li","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To study the changes of immune function of endotoxin tolerant dendritic cell (ETDC) and to observe its effect on sepsis in mouse model. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000ETDC were prepared by pretreated bone marrow dendritic cells derived from BALB/c mice with lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The cells were collected and the expressions of surface markers including major histocompatibility complex (MHC)Ⅱ, CD86 and CD11c were detected by flow cytometry. The proliferation rate of T lymphocytes was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 and the concentrations of cytokines in the supernatant were detected by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay. Afterwards, 36 mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups. The blank control group did not receive any treatment, the sham-operated group underwent simple incision suture, the sepsis group and ETDC reinfusion group underwent cecal ligation and puncture to establish sepsis. Before sepsis model establishment, 0.9% sodium chloride solution or suspension of ETDC and 0.9% sodium chloride were reinfused by tail vein. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-10, and the proportion of help T cell (Th) 17/regulatory T cell (Treg) in spleen of each group were detected. The pathological manifestations of liver, kidney and ileum in each group were observed. T test and χ2 test were used for comparisons between groups. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The results of flow cytometry showed that MHCⅡ, CD86 and CD11c of ETDC were 70.4%, 43.1%, and 73.1%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of mature dendritic cell (mDC) (96.1%, 89.5%, and 84.6%, respectively) (χ2=56.47, 83.78, and 23.29, respectively, all P<0.01). The concentrations of IL-10, TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant of ETDC were (978.04±56.70), (980.34±111.96) and (12 743.03±865.81) ng/L, respectively, and those of mDC were (741.35±99.23), (1 703.11±117.00) and (19 052.28±1 145.84) ng/L, respectively. The differences were all statistically significant (t=5.073, 10.93, and 10.76, respectively, all P<0.01). The proliferation rates of T lymphocytes co-cultured with ETDC in 1∶5 and 1∶10 ratio group were (676.95±85.99)% and (514.00±106.39)%, respectively, which were lower than those of the mDC group (956.25±127.12)% and (772.07±214.08)%, respectively. The pathological injuries of liver, kidney and ileum in ETDC treatment group were significantly lighter than those in sepsis group. Serum ALT and AST levels in the ETDC reinfusion group were (299.71±36.91) and (690.39±154.92) U/L, respectively, and TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were (0.067±0.005), (0.428±0.051) and (0.058±0.005) ng/L, respectively. Serum ALT and AST levels in the sepsis group were (620.67±69.27) and (1 430.17±134.05) U/L, respectively, and TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were (0.085±0.007), (0.774±0.088) and (0.036±0.005) ng/L, respectively. The differences were all statistically significant (t=11.60, 10.96, 5.991, 8.657, and 8.04, respectively,","PeriodicalId":10127,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48661502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of human β defensin 2 on preventing oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced monocyte foaming","authors":"Zhenwei Shen, Han Lei, Peng-hui Li","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To clarify the role of human β-defensin2 (hBD2) on preventing oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) induced human leukemic monocyte (THP-1) foaming. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The monocyte foaming model was established using THP-1 cell induced by OX-LDL and the model was identified by oil red staining. The hBD2 was overexpressed on THP-1 cells by using lentivirus system and the effect of hBD2 overexpression on THP-1 cell foaming induced by OX-LDL was detected. The levels of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in cell supernatant of each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Differences between the groups were compared by using the t test. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The gene transfection efficiency of the cells was close to 100% at 72 h after infection. The hBD2 protein levels were 0.122±0.024 in the control group, 0.123±0.022 in Lv-control infection group and 0.981±0.183 in Lv-hBD2 infection group; and the level in control group was statistically higher than that in hBD-2 infection group (t=-3.175, P=0.007). The relative levels of hBD2 mRNA at 72 h after virus infection were 0.131±0.021 in control group, 0.128±0.022 in Lv-control group and 1.001±0.105 in Lv-hBD2 infection group; and the level in control group was statistically higher than that in hBD-2 infection group (t=-7.213, P=0.003). The results of oil red staining showed that OX-LDL inducing THP-1 cells for 72 h could significantly induce lipid accumulation in cells. Overexpression of hBD2 could effectively inhibit lipid accumulation in THP-1 cells induced by OX-LDL. The expression of hBD2 mRNA in THP-1 group was significantly higher than that in THP-1+ OX-LDL group (t=3.237, P=0.004); and the difference was also significant when comparing THP-1+ Lv-hBD2+ OX-LDL group with THP-1+ OX-LDL group (t=-6.021, P=0.003). The level of hBD2 protein in THP-1 group was significantly higher than that in THP-1+ OX-LDL group (t=0.314, P=0.006); and the difference was also significant when comparing THP-1+ Lv-hBD2+ OX-LDL group with THP-1+ OX-LDL group (t=-4.061, P=0.007). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the supernatant of THP-1 cells induced by OX-LDL for 72 h were significantly increased compared with those in THP-1group (t=-3.825, -2.017 and -3.551, respectively; P=0.007, 0.004 and 0.005, respectively). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in THP-1+ Lv-hBD2+ OX-LDL group were significantly lower than those in THP-1+ OX-LDL group (t=4.132, 3.681, and 2.991, respectively; P=0.003, 0.002, and 0.007, respectively). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000hBD2 can effectively inhibit THP-1 foaming induced by OX-LDL, which may be related to its inhibition of inflammatory response. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Human β-defensin-2; THP-1; Monocytes foam; OX-LDL","PeriodicalId":10127,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42608015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognosis analysis of liver failure with secondary infection","authors":"Jiashi Gao, Zhenyu Xu, Jin Li, Yan He, Hua‐ying Zhou, Wenlong Wang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To analyze the impact of secondary infection on prognosis of liver failure. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000A total of 384 hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with liver failure from January 2015 to Decembet 2017 in the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into infected group and non-infected group according to whether they were complicated with infection during hospitalization. The cause of liver failure, the area and source of infection were recorded. The infected group was divided into bacterial group and fungal group. The liver and kidney function, international normalized ratio (INR). The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, hospitalization days, medical expenditure, and mortality were calculated and evaluated.T test was used for normally distributed continuous variables, and chi-square test was used for classified variables. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000A total of 384 hospitalized patients with liver failure were enrolled, including 321 males and 63 females with age of (45.5±13.4) years. There were 240 patients (62.5%, infected group) who had secondary infection during the whole course, and 144 patients (37.5%, non-infected group) were not infected.Among the 384 patients, 328 patients (85.4%) were infected with hepatitis B virus, 8(2.1%) with hepatitis C virus, and 10(2.6%) with alcoholic hepatitis. As for the clinical types of liver failure, 187 patients (48.7%) were diagnosed with acute-on-chronic (subacute) liver failure and 158 (41.1%) with chronic liver failure.Among the 240 patients in the infected group, 122 patients (50.8%) had abdominal infection, 84 (35%) had pulmonary infection, 8(3.3%) had urinary tract infection, 13(5.4%) had biliary tract infection, and 11(4.6%) had bloodstream infection.The levels of total bilirubin, creatinine, MELD scores, hospitalization days and medical expenditure in the infected group and non-infected group were statistically significant (all P<0.01) after 30 days in hospital.In the infected group, 362 various samples from 240 patients were submitted for bacterial culture, among which 87 samples were positive, including Candida in 15 samples, Aspergillus in 8 samples, Acinetobacter baumannii in 13 samples, Staphylococcus in 10 samples, Escherichia coli in 11 samples, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 14 samples, Bacillus faecalis in 4 samples, Bacillus pallid in 4 samples, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in 4 samples and Aeromonas hydrophila in 4 samples.Among the 240 patients in the infected group, 182 patients were diagnosed with bacterial infection and 58 with fungal infection. There were significant differences in total bilirubin, serum creatinine, INR, MELD scores and mortality rate between the two groups (all P<0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The rate of secondary infection in patients with liver failure is not related with age. The development of secondary infection, especially fungal infection, worsens the pr","PeriodicalId":10127,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47879471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between infection of Toxoplasma gondii and metabolic syndrome","authors":"Na-Ling Kang, Su Lin, Haoyang Zhang, Shiying Liu, Weijie Ou, Mingfang Wang, Lifen Han, Yueyong Zhu, Jiaofeng Huang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) infection and metabolic syndrome (MS). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000A total of 20 577 patients who received serum test of anti-T.gondii IgG antibody in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of the United States from 2009 to 2014 were collected to analyze the clinical features of anti-T.gondii IgG antibody positive patients, and to compare metabolic related indicators in the antibody IgG positive and negative groups. The independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors of MS. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000A total of 2 746 participants were positive for the T. gondii antibody (13.34%), with a higher prevalence of male (14.44% vs 12.27%, χ2=15.99, P< 0.01). Meanwhile, the prevalence of T. gondii increased with age and body mass index (BMI) (χ2=979.98 and 50.85, respectively, both P<0.01). Among the 2 191 patients with MS, 449 (20.49%) patients were positive for T. gondii. While 2 297(12.49%) patients were anti-T.gondii positive in 18 386 non-MS patients. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=78.504, P<0.01). Age (t=-37.37), BMI (t=-4.28), glycosylated hemoglobin (t=-11.81), fasting blood glucose (t=-9.38), triacylglycerol (t=-6.32), cholesterol (t=-7.16), serum uric acid (t=-5.25) and serum creatinine (t=-7.69) in the seropositive group were all higher than those in the seronegative group (all P<0.01). After adjusting for age and gender, the prevalence of T. gondii was an independent risk factor for MS (odds ratio [OR]=1.147, P=0.023). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000BMI, blood lipids, blood uric acid and blood glucose are significantly increased in patients with T. gondii infection. T. gondii infection is an independent risk factor for MS. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Metabolic syndrome; Risk factors; Toxoplasma gondii","PeriodicalId":10127,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49210600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence analysis of persistently low level expression of hepatitis B surface antigen S gene in patients with hepatitis B virus infection","authors":"Guo-Guang Xu, Qian Li, Y. Dai, Qing Li, Huajun Zhou, Jun Cheng","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To reveal the characteristics of S gene sequence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients with low HBsAg level. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000From February 2016 to December 2017, 1 308 serum samples of inactive HBsAg carriers were collected from the 903rd Hospital of PLA and Hangzhou Jianggan District People′s Hospital.The cases were divided into high-level group and low-level group according to the level of serum HBsAg (10 IU/mL) expression. The HBV S gene was sequenced in patients with low-level HBsAg expression. In addition, in patients with high-level HBsAg, 100 patients were randomly selected (stratified sampling) for HBV S gene sequencing based on the matching of age and serological pattern (hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg] negative) of low-level HBsAg group. A comparative analysis was conducted between HBV S gene sequences from inactive HBsAg carrier in low HBsAg expression group and the HBV reference S gene sequences from inactive HBsAg carrier in high HBsAg expression group.The results of normal distribution data were expressed as Mean±SD, and analyzed using t-test. The results of non-normal distribution data were expressed by M(QR), and analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test.Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used to compare continuous variables and classification variables between the two groups. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000There were 276 serum samples from the low level group and 1 032 serum samples from the high level group, including 257 HBsAg/HBeAg/anti-HBc-positive cases, 753 HBsAg/anti-HBe/anti-HBc-positive cases, and 22 HBsAg/anti-HBc-positive cases. Successful HBV S gene sequencing was performed on 126 out of 276 patients in the low-level HBsAg group. According to the age inthe low-level HBsAg group, 100 samples with negative HBeAg in the high-level HBsAg group were randomly selected, among which 94 patients were genotyped and hemotyped. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in HBV serological markers, HBV DNA level and HBV genotype distribution between the high level group (94 cases) and the low level group (126 cases) (all P 0.05). For genotype B, 12 single point mutations and 4 dual co-mutations were found in low level group. Among them, one single point mutation (S210R) and 3 dual co-mutations (G44E/V+ T45P/I, G44E/V+ L49P/R and N40S+ I208T) were not hot spot mutations, while 2 dual co-mutations and 2 single point mutations were found in high level group. The difference between two groups was statistical significant (χ2=7.533, P=0.006). For genotype C, 5 single point mutations (T5A, A45T, T47A/K, Q101R and I126S/T) were found in low level group and 1 single point mutation (N3S) in high level group. The difference in mutation frequency between two groups were statistical significant (χ2=47.914, P=0.000). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Significant mutations in multiple regions and at multiple sites (including co-mutations) on both sides of the MHR may be one of the causes of low HB","PeriodicalId":10127,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44516673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characteristics of cranial magnetic resonance imaging in adult Japanese encephalitis","authors":"Dan-Dan Zhang, Minglei Wang, Chao-zhen Zhao, Jiang Ji, Y. Wang, Yu Zhang, Xiangchun Ding, Xiaodong Wang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To analyze the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of patients with adult Japanese encephalitis (JE), and to investigate the diagnostic value of MRI for the disease. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Thirty-two adult JE patients who underwent cranial MRI at General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between August 2016 and September 2018 were enrolled. All patients had disease onset between August and September and they aged 17 to 83 years old. The clinical data, laboratory results, MRI signal characteristics of each scanning sequence and the distribution of the brain lesions were retrospectively analyzed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Of the 32 adult JE patients, 29 (90.6%) cases had acute onset, 28 (87.5%) cases had unconsciousness and cognitive impairment, 26 (81.2%) cases had intracranial hypertension, 3 (9.4%) cases had meningeal irritation, 3 (9.4%) cases had Parkinson-like symptoms, 10 (31.2%) cases had epilepsy, and 15 (46.9%) cases had decreased muscle strength. Twenty patients were positive for JE virus-specific IgM antibodies. Twenty-eight patients underwent cerebrospinal fluid examination, 15 (53.6%) cases showed intracranial pressure ≥180 mmH2O (1 mmH2O=0.009 8 kPa), 7 (25%) cases developed lymphocyte reaction, and 16 (57.1%) cases showed mixed cell reaction. Twenty-three cases (71.9%) showed lesions of brain on MRI, including thalamus (17 cases, 73.9%), hippocampus (13 cases, 56.5%), cerebral peduncle (6 cases, 26.1%), cortical and subcortical (4 cases, 17.4%), basal ganglia (2 cases, 8.7%), brainstem (1 case, 4.3%) and splenium of corpus callosum (1 case, 4.3%). Positive T1 weight image (T1WI) and T2 weight image (T2WI) results were found in 21 patients, respectively, 23 patients had positive T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, and 20 patients had positive diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) images. Among them, T2-FLAIR and DWI images showed more lesions, wider range of lesions and clearer boundary of cortical involvement range than T1WI and T2WI images. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Bilateral thalamus and hippocampus are often involved in adult JE. T2-FLAIR and DWI sequences are more sensitive to detect lesions. Combining MRI images with epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, and laboratory tests is of great assistance for early diagnosis of JE. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Encephalitis, Japanese; Adult; Magnetic resonance imaging; MRI spectrum; Clinical spectrum","PeriodicalId":10127,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45882049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea patients in Tianjin during 2015-2017","authors":"Lu Gao","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the pathogenic spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of acute diarrhea patients in Tianjin. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000A total of 1 536 stool samples of diarrhea patients were collected from hospitals between 2015 and 2017. Viral nucleic acids were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Selective medium was used to culture bacteria. Drug susceptibility tests were performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method recommended by the Association for Standardization of Clinical Laboratories. χ2 test was used for statistical analysis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000In the stool samples of 1 536 cases of diarrhea, one enteric bacterium was detected in 109 samples with the positive rate of 7.10%, one enterovirus was detected in 171 samples with the positive rate of 11.13%, mixed infection was detected in 20 samples with positive rate of 1.30%, including 8 samples with enteric bacterium and enterovirus and 12 samples with double enterovirus. The total detection rate of diarrhea cases was 19.53%. Norovirus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, rotavirus, Salmonella, stellate virus and sapovirus ranked the top six in the detection rate. The total detection rate curve of bacteria showed a single peak, mainly in August, while the total detection rate curve of the virus showed a double peak, which was from May to June and from November to December. The positive rate of bacteria in patients aged over 30 years old was 9.82% (75/764), while that in those aged less than 30 years old was 5.44% (42/772). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=10.451, P<0.01). The positive rate of viral pathogen in patients aged no less than 25 years old was 10.02% (91/908), while that in those aged less than 25 years old was 17.83% (112/628). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=19.755, P<0.01). Salmonella, Shigella and vibrio parahaemolyticus were resistant to ampicillin in varying degrees. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The positive rate curves of bacteria and virus are obviously different, showing a trend of \"bacterial single peak and viral double peak\" . Bacteria mainly infect people aged over 30 years old, while the virus mainly infects people under 25 years old. The main pathogens of diarrhea are norovirus, vibrio parahaemolyticus and rotavirus. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Diarrhea; Population surveillance; Pathogen spectrum","PeriodicalId":10127,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44002163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment status of maternal syphilis infection and factors associated with their adverse pregnant outcomes in Shanghai during 2013-2015","authors":"Yibin Gu, Yang Li, Liping Zhu, L. Du, Qi Zhao, Biao Xu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To analyze the factors associated with syphilis treatment compliance and adverse pregnant outcomes among pregnant women with syphilis in Shanghai. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The prospective cohort was established based on maternal syphilis monitoring system of Shanghai, which included all the pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis during Jan 2013 to Dec 2015. A total of 1 717 pregnant women with syphilis were recruited at the baseline, and 1 147 of them were followed up during treatment and their pregnancy, and the delivery outcomes were recorded. The information of testing/treatment of pregnant women with syphilis and health outcomes of infants were collected. Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis and logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with syphilis treatment and adverse pregnant outcomes. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000A total of 685 participants received syphilis treatment during pregnancy, with the treatment rate of 59.7%. Among them, 397(34.6%) patients underwent two courses of complete treatment. The poor educated, unemployed/job-waiting or multipara population had poor compliance to treatment. Only 34.9% (142/407) of cases diagnosed at last trimester received syphilis treatment and 10.1%(41/407) completed the treatment. The proportion of non-treponemal conversion were higher in subjects who received syphilis treatment during pregnancy than those who did not (39.1%[268/285] vs 3.7%[17/462]). Complete syphilis treatment during pregnancy was protective factor to decrease neonatal death adjusted relative risk ([aRR]=0.05, 95%CI: 0.01-0.37, P=0.003) and prematurity/low birth weight (aRR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.27-0.70, P=0.001). Strong positive non-treponemal result before delivery increased the risks of neonatal death (aRR=12.89, 95%CI: 1.70-100.43, P=0.014) and prematurity/low birth weight (aRR=12.78, 95%CI: 152-5.06, P=0.001). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Factors such as educational level, employment status, and maternal history will affect the compliance of syphilis treatment during pregnancy. Early diagnosis and complete treatment course of syphilis could improve the pregnant outcomes and the health status of infants. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Syphilis; Mother-to-child transmission; Treatment; Adverse pregnant outcome","PeriodicalId":10127,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49119982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of high-dose caspofungin in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","authors":"Ling-Hong Zhou, Xuan Wang, Rui-ying Wang, Hua-zhen Zhao, Ying-Kui Jiang, Jia-Hui Cheng, Jingyun Ye, Li-ping Huang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1000-6680.2019.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of high-dose caspofungin (70 mg/d) as initial or salvage treatment for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Twenty-one patients with proven or probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis from June 2014 to October 2017 in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were retrospectively reviewed. According to the anti-fungal treatment before high-dose caspofungin application, patients were divided into initial treatment group and salvage treatment group. Patients′ clinical data and laboratory data were collected. The characteristics, clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, one-year survival rate and the overall effective rate were evaluated. The prognosis of the two groups was compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Twenty of the 21 patients opportunistic acquired invasive pulmonary aspergillosis during the treatment of underlying diseases. Five patients were initially treated with high-dose caspofungin for 68 (62) days. At week 12, one patient achieved complete response, 3 patients achieved partial response, and the overall effective rate was 80%(4/5). Sixteen patients received caspofungin as salvage therapy for 66.50 (58) days, of which one patient got complete response at week 12, 10 had partial response, and the overall effective rate was 68.75%(11/16). One-year follow-up showed that no patient died in the initial treatment group, and the one-year survival rate was 100%(5/5). In salvage treatment group, 3 patients died of pulmonary bacterial infections and the one-year survival rate was 81.25%(13/16). During treatment, one patient had elevated total bilirubin, which was possibly associated with high-dose caspofungin. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000High-dose caspofungin regimen has good efficacy and safety, both for initial treatment and salvage therapy in patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; Caspofungin; High-dose; Efficacy; Safety","PeriodicalId":10127,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42767788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}