Thyroid Science最新文献

{"title":"A case of thyroid storm in a patient with persistent recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis with review of literature","authors":"Ryoichi Akamatsu ,&nbsp;Kazuki Orime ,&nbsp;Takayuki Suzuki ,&nbsp;Akihiro Takahashi ,&nbsp;Tomoaki Akiyama ,&nbsp;Tadashi Yamakawa ,&nbsp;Yasuo Terauchi","doi":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patients with thyroid disease, particularly thyroid cancer, may sometimes present with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. However, cases of Graves’ disease associated with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis are rare. Previous reports suggest that such paralysis in Graves’ disease is typically transient. Here, we present a case of a 48-year-old woman who developed thyroid storm secondary to Graves’ disease and experienced persistent recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis for two years. The patient presented with hoarseness, dysphagia, and severe thyrotoxicosis. Laryngoscopy revealed left vocal cord paralysis. She received standard treatment for thyroid storm and subsequently underwent radioisotope therapy. Despite improvement in thyrotoxicosis and goiter, her vocal cord paralysis remained unchanged. No other causes of nerve injury were identified. The persistent paralysis was likely due to prolonged compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve by the enlarged goiter. Unlike previous cases with transient dysfunction, nerve recovery did not occur even after successful treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of thyroid storm in a patient with persistent recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. This case highlights the need for early and continuous management of Graves’ disease to prevent permanent nerve damage, even in non-malignant conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101253,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Science","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Japanese patients with Graves’ disease who fail first radioiodine therapy","authors":"Yuki Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Fukazawa ,&nbsp;Jun Ito ,&nbsp;Kei Ito ,&nbsp;Masanao Fujii ,&nbsp;Aiko Hosoda ,&nbsp;Yoshinori Osaki ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Yagyu","doi":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The factors predisposing to failure of radioiodine therapy (RIT) using ¹³¹I for Graves’ disease have been reported in various studies, but there are few reports from Japan. We investigated predictors of first RIT outcome. We retrospectively investigated outcomes of first RIT for 59 patients with Graves’ disease and divided into two groups with regard to the outcome of first RIT and factors associated with the failure of first RIT were determined. Binary logistic analysis showed thyroid weight as the only factor associated with outcome of first RIT. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the optimal cutoff value for thyroid weight to discriminate between patients who would or would not achieve success with first RIT was 33.4 g (81.6 % sensitivity, 80.0 % specificity; area under the curve, 0.837; 95 % confidence interval, 0.695–0.978; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Thyroid weight was the most important predictor of first RIT outcome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101253,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Science","volume":"2 4","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of radioiodine therapy for Graves' disease pretreated with potassium iodide: A comparison with the pretreatment with methimazole","authors":"Tetsuya Mizokami,&nbsp;Katsuhiko Hamada,&nbsp;Tetsushi Maruta,&nbsp;Kiichiro Higashi,&nbsp;Junichi Tajiri","doi":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of radioiodine therapy (RIT) in patients with Graves’ disease (thyroid volume: 10.0–79.9 mL) pretreated with either potassium iodide (KI) or methimazole (MMI). ¹³¹I was administered at a fixed dose of 481 MBq. KI was discontinued for 3 days (KI3 patients, n = 159) or 5 days (KI5 patients, n = 174), MMI was discontinued for 2 days (MMI patients, n = 472) before RIT, and KI and MMI were resumed two days after RIT. The pre-RIT thyroid volumes were a median 27.8 mL, 30.4 mL, and 34.6 mL, and the overall remission (no treatment with KI and MMI after obtaining an improvement in the thyroid function) rates at 1 year after RIT were 89.9 %, 93.1 %, and 80.0 % in KI3, KI5, and MMI patients, respectively. The remission rates classified by thyroid volume were largely equivalent among patients with KI3, KI5, and MMI. KI3 patients with a thyroid volume of &lt;50.0 mL and KI5 patients with a thyroid volume of &lt;20.0 mL had significantly lower thyroidal ^99mTc uptake rate/thyroid volume on the day of RIT in comparison to MMI patients. In RIT using fixed 481 MBq of ¹³¹I, KI pretreatment did not negatively affect the outcome of RIT. KI can be discontinued three days before RIT in patients with severe hyperthyroidism. KI should be discontinued at least five days before RIT in patients with mild hyperthyroidism, especially in those with a small goiter, to enhance the avidity of the thyroidal ¹³¹I uptake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101253,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Science","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Background and ophthalmic features of patients with thyroid eye disease with dysthyroid optic neuropathy in Japan","authors":"Ai Kozaki,&nbsp;Rishu Inoue,&nbsp;Koichi Nishiyama,&nbsp;Toshu Inoue","doi":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the background and ophthalmic features of patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 72 eyes of 42 patients with DON (males, 17; females, 25; age, 58 ± 12 years). Patients underwent smoking history assessment, autoantibody measurement (thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) and thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAbs)), ophthalmic examination, and orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 42 patients, 40 had Graves’ disease and 2 had hypothyroid Graves’ disease. Six and five patients had diabetes and hepatitis, respectively. Twenty-seven patients (64.3 %) had smoking histories. TRAbs and TSAbs were positive in 31 of 37 (83.8 %) and 38 of 38 (100 %) patients tested, respectively. Best-corrected visual acuity was less than 20/200 in 15 eyes (20.8 %) and 20/25 or better in 19 eyes (26.4 %). All eyes exhibited visual field loss. Average proptosis was 18.1 ± 2.8 mm. The optic disc was normal in 36 eyes (50 %). Orbital MRI revealed optic nerve compression due to rectus muscle enlargement in all patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Eyes with DON consistently exhibited visual field loss, positive TSAb, and compressed optic nerve on orbital MRI. Thus, those tests are recommended for patients with thyroid eye disease, particularly when DON is suspected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101253,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Science","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone beta: 2023 consensus statements from the Japan Thyroid Association","authors":"Sumiyasu Ishii ,&nbsp;Kazumichi Onigata ,&nbsp;Shigekazu Sasaki ,&nbsp;Junta Takamatsu ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Tagami ,&nbsp;Kyoko Takeda ,&nbsp;Matsuo Taniyama ,&nbsp;Eijun Nishihara ,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Hayashi ,&nbsp;Akira Hishinuma ,&nbsp;Shuji Fukata ,&nbsp;Yoshiharu Murata ,&nbsp;Masanobu Yamada","doi":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ) is a familial syndrome of reduced responsiveness of target tissues to thyroid hormone, which is mainly induced by mutations in the <em>THRB</em> gene. The Japan Thyroid Association systematically reviewed literatures and published the consensus statements on the treatment of RTHβ in April 2023. RTHβ is sometimes inappropriately diagnosed with Graves’ disease because of high thyroid hormone levels, resulting in unnecessary treatment. In addition, there is a discrepancy between the estimated prevalence and the numbers of the reported cases, suggesting that many patients remain undiagnosed. Furthermore, it is not widely known how to treat this syndrome. Therefore, guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of RTHβ are needed. We have established a diagnostic criteria and degree of severity for RTHβ in 2016. Here systematic review was done based on the GRADE approach. The statements include thirteen topics; four foreground clinical questions, five narrative background clinical questions, and four drugs that are not covered by health insurance in Japan. The recommendations and comments were prepared by the committee members, and the statements were further modified based on public comments. To our knowledge, this is the first consensus statements by a nation-wide academic society regarding the treatment of RTHβ based on a systematic review. This translated edition enables us to disclose Japanese consensus statements on the treatment of RTHβ to other countries and is expected to contribute to better treatment of RTHβ, but these statements should be referred in a realistic and flexible manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101253,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Science","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wernicke’s Encephalopathy in hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis: A systematic review","authors":"Erik Oudman","doi":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis increase metabolic demands for vitamin B1 (thiamine), putting patients at risk for Wernicke’s Encephalopathy (WE), caused by severe thiamine deficiency. This review explores WE symptoms in hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis.</div></div><div><h3>Summary</h3><div>A systematic review of case reports was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus with relevant keywords. Sixteen cases of WE associated with hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis were identified. Common factors included weight loss (16/16 cases), vomiting (12/16 cases), and conditions like hyperemesis gravidarum (11/16 cases). The full WE triad appeared in 11 cases, with MRI showing classic thalamic hyperintensities in all tested cases (12/12). Recovery was incomplete in 7 cases, with 3 progressing to chronic Korsakoff’s syndrome. Thiamine treatment varied significantly.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis increase the risk of thiamine deficiency, particularly with weight loss or vomiting. Proactive monitoring and prophylactic thiamine treatment are essential in these patients. As symptoms of WE become increasingly prominent over time and lead to adverse outcome, early recognition and treatment is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101253,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Science","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subacute thyroiditis during anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody therapy: A case report","authors":"Makiko Ikemoto ,&nbsp;Yasufumi Seki ,&nbsp;Daisuke Watanabe ,&nbsp;Toshio Takagi ,&nbsp;Atsuhiro Ichihara","doi":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.thscie.2025.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies can occasionally induce thyrotoxicosis as an ICI-associated adverse effect. The etiology of thyrotoxicosis during ICI therapy is painless thyroiditis, which is classified as destructive thyroiditis, in most cases. However, another form of destructive thyroiditis, subacute thyroiditis, has rarely been reported. Here, we present a case of subacute thyroiditis that emerged during anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 45-year-old man underwent pembrolizumab therapy after undergoing heminephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Two weeks after the 6th dose of pembrolizumab, administered 27 weeks following the initial administration, the patient complained of neck pain alongside increased levels of serum C-reactive protein and thyroid hormones, despite the absence of infectious symptoms. Upon thyroid echography, a hypoechoic lesion was observed, and technetium-99m thyroid scintigraphy revealed reduced thyroid uptake, the patient was diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis. Treatment with a maximum dose of 20 mg of prednisolone for 4 weeks normalized thyroid hormone levels, which remained within the normal range throughout the subsequent three courses of pembrolizumab therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We present a case of subacute thyroiditis during pembrolizumab therapy, highlighting the importance of investigating the etiology of thyrotoxicosis during ICI therapy and proposing a potential association between ICI therapy and the development of subacute thyroiditis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101253,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Science","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143579560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in TSH levels after pregnancy in women undergoing fertility treatment taking thyroid hormones","authors":"Yoh Hidaka,&nbsp;Yoshiko Fukuda,&nbsp;Yuka Tsukamoto,&nbsp;Yuko Wada,&nbsp;Kazuyo Okamoto,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Okamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.thscie.2024.100022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.thscie.2024.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When women who are taking thyroid hormones become pregnant, they are often requested to take double doses twice a week. However, it remains unclear whether this treatment also applies to women with subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH &gt;4.0 mU/L) or high normal TSH (TSH 2.5–4.0 mU/L). Therefore, the present study compared TSH levels before and after pregnancy (4–10 weeks gestation, mean 6.7 weeks) in 89 women undergoing fertility treatment who were taking levothyroxine (LT4). TSH levels before pregnancy ranged between 0.5 and 2.5 mU/L and the LT4 dose was not changed at the time of pregnancy. TSH levels decreased after pregnancy in 49 women and increased in 40 women. No significant differences were observed in TSH levels between before and early pregnancy (1.48 ± 0.54 and 1.67 ± 1.59 mU/L, respectively, p = 0.263). In conclusion, when women with subclinical hypothyroidism or high normal TSH who are taking LT4 for fertility treatment become pregnant, it is preferable to adjust the dosage based on TSH levels in early pregnancy rather than immediately increasing the dosage without testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101253,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese general rules for the description of thyroid cancer (9th edition) established by the Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery and the Japanese Society of Thyroid Pathology","authors":"Hiroshi Kamma ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Ito ,&nbsp;Shinichi Suzuki ,&nbsp;Yatsuka Hibi ,&nbsp;Nobuyasu Suganuma ,&nbsp;Seigo Kinuya ,&nbsp;Morimasa Kitamura ,&nbsp;Kiyomi Horiuchi ,&nbsp;Yoko Omi ,&nbsp;Chisato Tomoda ,&nbsp;Kaori Kameyama ,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Imamura ,&nbsp;Ryuji Ohashi ,&nbsp;Tetsuo Kondo ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Chiba ,&nbsp;Masahiro Nakashima ,&nbsp;Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa ,&nbsp;Iwao Sugitani","doi":"10.1016/j.thscie.2024.100021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.thscie.2024.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery and the Japanese Society of Thyroid Pathology developed the Japanese General Rules for the Description of Thyroid Cancer (JRTC) in accordance with actual medical practice in Japan to describe clinical findings and unify the pathological diagnosis of thyroid tumors. The 9th Japanese edition of the JRTC was published in 2023 based on the revision of the TNM classification (AJCC) and the WHO tumor classification. In the clinical portion, subclassification of N factor according to the size and extranodal extension of metastatic nodes, subclassification of surgical Ex according to the organs to which carcinoma invades, and the abolishment of preoperative and pathological Ex were major changes from the last edition. In the pathological portion, the tumor classification was rearranged according to the differentiation and malignancy based on the genetic alterations. Adenomatous goiter was classified as a tumor-like lesion. Low-risk neoplasms were placed between benign and malignant tumors, scoring the nuclear findings of papillary carcinoma, and clearly indicating the findings for capsular and vascular invasion of follicular tumors. High-grade differentiated carcinoma was added as a reference to poorly differentiated carcinoma. Oncocytic adenoma and carcinoma were classified independently. The cytology reporting system was partly modified from the Bethesda 2023 system. This translated edition facilitates the submission of Japanese clinicopathological studies of thyroid tumors to international journals and is expected to contribute to the improvement and standardization of the description of the surgical treatment and pathological diagnosis of thyroid tumors. (242 words)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101253,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low echogenicity of Hashimoto's disease could be useful in detecting early phase of thyroid lymphomas, especially diffuse large B cell lymphomas","authors":"Shoichi Kikuchi ,&nbsp;Junichi Tani ,&nbsp;Tsukasa Murakami","doi":"10.1016/j.thscie.2024.100020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.thscie.2024.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hashimoto's disease, characterized by low echogenicity on ultrasonography, is associated with thyroid lymphomas. Most thyroid lymphomas are diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. DLBCLs have a worse prognosis than MALT lymphomas. This study aimed to evaluate the early signs, especially the low echogenicity, of Hashimoto's disease and thyroid lymphomas.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Noguchi Thyroid Clinic and Hospital Foundation. A total of 9008 cases were operated on between 2008 and 2016, of which 162 had operated with suspected thyroid lymphoma, because of low echogenicity and aspiration biopsy cytology. The final diagnosis revealed 28 Hashimoto's disease, 134 thyroid lymphomas (91 MALT lymphomas and 43 DLBCLs). The primary outcomes were clinicopathological characteristics including low echogenicity of the thyroid. Early signs of thyroid lymphomas, especially DLBCLs were also investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Age, echo pattern, echogenicity anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly different between Hashimoto's disease and thyroid lymphomas. Echogenicity, echo pattern and age were significant early signs of thyroid lymphomas. Age, echogenicity, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were significantly different between MALT lymphomas and DLBCLs. Echogenicity, and IL2R were significant early signs of DLBCL. The ROC analysis of low echogenicity for thyroid lymphomas compared to Hashimoto's disease revealed that Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 0.80 and the ROC analysis for DLBCL compared to Hashimoto's disease and MALT lymphoma revealed that the AUC was 0.73.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Low echogenicity of Hashimoto's disease could be a useful early sign of thyroid lymphomas, especially DLBCL.</p></div><div><h3>Data availability</h3><p>The data that supports the findings of this study are available in the supplementary material of this article.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101253,"journal":{"name":"Thyroid Science","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950300024000132/pdfft?md5=b180e0217d6a2fc42ba7ef01c9c8722a&pid=1-s2.0-S2950300024000132-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}