Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction and characterization of Brazil nut oil (Bertholletia excelsa)","authors":"Susan Hidaka de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Charline Soares dos Santos Rolim ,&nbsp;Thalita Caroline Lima Alves ,&nbsp;Carolina Lima dos Santos ,&nbsp;Kevyn Melo Lotas ,&nbsp;Ivonea Soares do Nascimento ,&nbsp;Leonardo do Nascimento Rolim ,&nbsp;Anderson Mathias Pereira ,&nbsp;Renata Cristina Ferreira Bonomo","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Brazil nut is a highly valuable species in the Amazon, both for its economic value and for its nutritional profile. To preserve the nutritional quality of the oil extracted from these nuts, it is important to use appropriate extraction techniques. Among the options available is ultrasound-assisted extraction, which improves solvent penetration and facilitates mass transfer in ruptured cells, making it an efficient approach that preserves the quality of the final product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the physicochemical and thermal characteristics of Brazil nut oil after ultrasound treatment. Quality parameters were considered, such as acidity and saponification indices, as well as thermal-oxidative properties such as density, viscosity and thermogravimetry. The results indicated that this technique did not significantly alter the properties of the oil and, according to the thermophysical analyses, the Brazil nut oil obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction showed characteristics similar to other vegetable oils, such as a density of 887 kg.m-3 at 20 oC and a viscosity of 32.5 mPa.s at 25 oC. The proposed method proved to be a practical, fast and economical alternative for extracting Brazil nut oil, maintaining its quality and guaranteeing consumer safety. These characteristics are essential for its application in food products such as chocolates, ice cream and bakery items, as well as its potential use in the cosmetics industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of chitosan as a natural coagulant for polyethylene microplastic removal","authors":"Susiana Prasetyo,&nbsp;Christopher A. Santos,&nbsp;Asaf K. Sugih,&nbsp;Hans Kristianto","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of plastic has led to environmental pollution and health issues due to its persistence and the formation of microplastics—particles smaller than 5 mm that arise from the breakdown of larger plastics. These microplastics pose significant environmental threats, especially in aquatic ecosystems, where they act as carriers for pollutants. Various treatment methods, including coagulation, have been explored to mitigate microplastic pollution. Among coagulants, chitosan—a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin—has shown promise due to its effectiveness and environmental compatibility. This study investigates the use of chitosan to remove polyethylene microplastics in synthetic wastewater, focusing on the effects of pH and coagulant dose. The results indicate that the highest coagulation efficiency, achieving an 81.5 % removal, occurs at a pH of 6.0 with a chitosan dose of 100 mg/L via charge neutralization as the primary coagulation mechanism. These findings emphasize chitosan's potential as an environmentally friendly approach to mitigating microplastic pollution in water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial pathways for biohydrogen production: Advances, challenges, and future prospects","authors":"Soghra Nashath Omer ,&nbsp;Panchamoorthy Saravanan ,&nbsp;R. Rajeshkannan ,&nbsp;Pramilaa Kumar ,&nbsp;Madhavi Reddy ,&nbsp;M. Rajasimman ,&nbsp;S. Venkat kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising oil costs, growing environmental concerns, and the pressing need for sustainable fossil fuel substitutes have all caused the globe to move firmly toward hydrogen as a possible future energy carrier. Microbial fermentation is a revolutionary method for producing hydrogen that not only uses readily accessible waste materials and neglected bioresources, such as forestry and agricultural wastes, but also blends in well with waste management and a circular bioeconomy. In this review, the metabolic characteristics of microorganisms that produce hydrogen are examined, along with the variables that affect production rates and yields, such as substrate specialization, enzymatic efficiency, and ambient circumstances. Important routes including photo fermentation, dark fermentation, and bio photolysis are discussed, along with their benefits, drawbacks, and potential for integration to increase overall efficiency. Critical bioprocess parameters, novel reactor topologies, and biomass pre-treatment methods are examined, with a focus on how they might improve hydrogen production and lessen process bottlenecks. Additionally, the potential of cutting-edge technologies like synthetic biology-driven microbial engineering and microbial electrolysis cells to transform hydrogen generation is assessed.Despite tremendous progress, problems including poor yields, scalability problems, high capital costs, and substrate competition still exist, calling for a multidisciplinary strategy that blends engineering tactics with biological breakthroughs.The necessity of coordinated efforts to improve microbial hydrogen production systems is ultimately highlighted by this analysis. This will help renewable hydrogen become a practical, scalable, and sustainable energy substitute for fossil fuels, promoting a cleaner and more resilient energy future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on impregnated magnetic nanoparticle in advanced wastewater treatment: An in-depth technical review and future directions","authors":"V.C. Deivayanai,&nbsp;P. Thamarai,&nbsp;S. Karishma,&nbsp;A. Saravanan,&nbsp;A.S. Vickram,&nbsp;P.R. Yaashikaa,&nbsp;S. Sonali","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced wastewater treatment technologies are required to address the global water pollution crisis, and ferrous nanoparticles (FeNPs) have emerged as a promising solution because of their high surface area (&gt;100 m2/g), tunable functionalities, and magnetic properties. Effective pollutant removal is made possible by FeNPs, which are synthesized using techniques like co-precipitation and sol-gel and typically range in size from 10 to 100 nm. Functionalization with organic ligands, silica, or polymers improves their stability and selectivity. With adsorption capacities of up to 500 mg/g, FeNPs show remarkable effectiveness in eliminating organic contaminants (like dyes and medications), heavy metals (like Pb^2 + and Cd²⁺) with &gt; 90 % efficiency, and emerging pollutants (like microplastics). Even at low concentrations (1–10 mg/L), magnetic separation achieves &gt; 95 % recovery efficiency by taking advantage of FeNPs' high susceptibility (10–100 emu/g). The study's novelty explores the advanced functionalization of FeNP-based systems that are environmentally sustainable, using 20–30 % less energy than traditional methods, and economically feasible, with synthesis costs ranging from $50 to $200/kg. Because of their reusability (up to 10 cycles), FeNPs are a scalable and effective solution to the world's water pollution problems, further reducing waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greener exfoliation of MoS2 nanosheets using sodium alginate as biosurfactant and its photocatalytic performance against azo dyes","authors":"Mandeep Kaur ,&nbsp;Vineet Kumar ,&nbsp;Kulvinder Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we explored sodium alginate assisted MoS₂ nanosheets synthesized using dual radiation exposure i.e., ultrasonic and microwave radiation and its photocatalytic activity was assessed against methylene blue, commercial blue, and textile industrial water. Photocatalyst was characterized by various characterization techniques that showed the fabricated nanosheets were highly crystalline with hydroxyl and C-O functional group on surface. The fabricated nanosheets degraded 98.81 ± 4.12 % of MB in 4 h, 94.79 ± 0.77 % CB in 30 min, and 94.09 ± 0.50 % of textile sample in 60 min, respectively. Along with, the potent anti-oxidative activity by scavenging 88.46 ± 3.4 % of free radicals generated from the DPPH. In addition, significant antibacterial activity against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>, indicating its potential as an effective antibacterial agent. The findings of this study will aid in the creation of a wider range of two-dimensional nanocomposites that can be utilized as materials for water remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the interactions between dyes and porous/composite materials: A comprehensive study","authors":"Muhammad Zeeshan ,&nbsp;Tariq Javed ,&nbsp;Chandresh Kumari ,&nbsp;Anusha Thumma ,&nbsp;Muhammad Wasim ,&nbsp;Muhammad Babar Taj ,&nbsp;Ishu Sharma ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nouman Haider ,&nbsp;Maryam Batool","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The subject of pollution resulting from dyes has emerged as a significant global issue. Dyes adsorption analysis has gained more significance in the last several years. The process of adsorption are among the most financially viable and effective approaches for reducing dye concentrations in water systems. These hazardous and carcinogenic dyes find their way into water sources through the discharge from numerous sectors like textiles, paints, cosmetics, paper etc. This investigation has delivered an extensive overview of numerous dyes, detailing their adverse effects on human health as well as aquatic organisms. The comprehensive analysis presented in this review encompasses dyes' adsorption on a variety of surfaces, including porous polymers, carbon and clay based materials, layered double hydroxides (LDH), bio-sorbents and metal-organic frameworks (MOF). Comprehensive analysis has been conducted on the structures of these materials as well as the essential functional groups that drive dye adsorption. Additionally, various factors influencing the rate of adsorption are underscored. A brief discussion on the economic aspect is also included. Various mechanisms for dyes removal and theoretical calculations are also discussed. Readers stand to benefit significantly from this review as it offers a thorough exploration of all facets of dye adsorption. Furthermore, the review essay has touched upon the constraints and potential opportunities in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life cycle assessment for calcination process of flue gas desulfurization gypsum and transformation into β-CaSO4·0.5H2O","authors":"Payal Bakshi ,&nbsp;Asokan Pappu ,&nbsp;Dhiraj Kumar Bharti","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Life cycle assessment for calcination process of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum is carried out at three altered temperatures from 200 to 600 °C for transformation into β-CaSO₄·0.5H₂O without chemical treatment. Physicochemical characterization of obtained FGD gypsum are performed by standard methods to recognize the physical and chemical properties, identification and quality of the material for further analysis. Effect of calcination on particle size distribution of FGD gypsum is studied along with mineralogical, compositional and morphological analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), respectively. Calcination process has slightly reduced the particle size and improved microstructure of FGD gypsum. Aspect ratio of calcined FGD gypsum samples is reduced from 2.40 to 1.32 due to crack bursting at high temperature and removal of hydroxyl functional group. Environmental impact of calcination process is evaluated by life cycle assessment method using openLCA software and ecoinvent database in conformance with ISO 14040–14044. System boundary covers stages of procedure with cradle-to-gate approach. Production of β-CaSO₄·0.5H₂O powder by calcination at 200 °C exhibited minimum environmental impacts with 25.5 kg of CO₂eq emission, responsible of GWP. FGD gypsum has transformed into β-CaSO₄·0.5H₂O via frugal and easy method for construction applications with geometric microstructure, which offers high mechanical strength with better workability. Present study will provide referential data set for FGD gypsum without chemical treatment and life cycle data of its calcination process. This will be supportive for reutilizing FGD gypsum in value-added sustainable construction materials as there is a dearth of reliable data on characteristics of FGD gypsum and its environmental impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143360559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylanase-assisted bioconversion and bioelectricity production in microbial fuel cells: A novel strategy for renewable energy generation","authors":"Ruchika Siwach ,&nbsp;Soumyajit Chandra ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar ,&nbsp;Soumya Pandit ,&nbsp;Sharad Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The isolation of stable and efficient enzymes from microbial sources plays a crucial role in mitigating the capital intensiveness of lignocellulosic biomass bioconversion. In this study, a cellulase-free xylanase enzyme was identified and characterized from a bacterial isolate. The xylanase demonstrated high specificity for the degradation of xylan, an abundant component of plant biomass, without the interference of cellulase activity. The enzyme exhibited optimum activity at 50 ℃ and pH 7. Additionally, it demonstrated thermal stability within the temperature range of 35–65 ℃ and pH stability across pH values of 4–10. Metal ions such as Zn^2 + and Mg²⁺ enhanced while, Ca²⁺, K²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Hg²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Na²⁺ ions declined the enzyme activity. The specific activity of xylanase was 430 IU/mg of protein. The xylanase enzyme demonstrated absolute substrate specificity by being active on beechwood xylan and only slightly active on birchwood, larchwood, and wheat arabinoxylan (soluble and insoluble), but inactive on avicel, carboxymethylcellulose, and starch. The kinetic parameters of the enzyme were also significant. Further, the xylanase-treated substrate at various concentrations, was once again utilized in microbial fuel cells (MFC) to produce bioelectricity. Co-culturing of <em>Bacillus</em> sp. with <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> generated a maximum of 12.08 W/m³ power density from the MFC study. Around 82 % of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was achieved after the spent media treatment. The energy recovery was 18 % approximately. These findings highlight the enzyme's potential for industrial applications and its role in renewable bioenergy production through MFCs, demonstrating a promising integration of waste biomass utilization with clean energy generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized process and modeling of waste Gmelina arborea seed pyrolytic oil production and its characterization as a sustainable biofuel","authors":"Victor Idankpo Ameh ,&nbsp;Olusola Olaitan Ayeleru ,&nbsp;Helen Uchenna Modekwe ,&nbsp;Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo ,&nbsp;Ishmael Matala Ramatsa","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofuels from bioresources are a viable renewable energy source, but high prices, the food versus fuel debate, and biodiversity loss limit the demands for bioenergy. Sourcing alternative bioresources from waste with a higher yield and energy value to produce bioenergy, as well as optimizing biofuel refining processes, are crucial for reducing production costs and increasing output to mitigate high prices and feedstock availability. The extracted bio-oil of non-edible seeds of Gmelina arborea is being investigated for transesterification into biofuels, a process that does not entirely maximize the bioenergy generated from the bioresources and generates further waste. However, pyrolysis can convert wholly the lignocellulose seed components into bioproducts with high-quality fuel properties without associated glycerol. Consequently, in this study, pyrolytic oil was produced from waste Gmelina arborea seed, the process parameters were optimized using the surface response methodology with experimental validations, the process model was established, and the pyrolytic oil was characterized. The optimum yield of 54 % at a temperature of 485 °C, a heating rate of 40 °C/min, and a particle size of 0.9 mm were established, and a corresponding regression model equation was developed. The Gmelina arborea seed biomass was revealed to have 81.95 % volatile matter with oil extractives of 44.80 %. The GC-MS analysis shows that the aliphatic hydrocarbon of a cyclic monoterpene occupies the highest concentration of 67.46 %. The fuel properties and the calorific value of 33.69 MJ/kg of the pyrolytic oil compared to ASTM standard specifications for pyrolytic liquid biofuel show suitability for commercial and industrial fuel. The absence of sulfur in the pyrolytic oil elemental analysis adds credence to its usefulness as a sustainable fuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143211041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of activated carbon for polypropylene microplastic removal in wastewater","authors":"Amanda Laca,&nbsp;Yolanda Patiño,&nbsp;Alba Sánchez-Condado,&nbsp;Daniel Sol,&nbsp;Adriana Laca,&nbsp;Mario Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous contaminants in aquatic ecosystems, raising global concern regarding these micropollutants. The main challenge with MPs lies in the difficulty of removing these particles during wastewater and drinking water treatment processes. Adsorption could be an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative for the removal of microplastics from water. In this work, the capacity of granular activated carbon (GAC) to retain standard polypropylene (PP) microplastics has been evaluated. Batch experiments were carried out under different conditions with the aim of analysing the adsorption performance. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-first order model, indicating that the retention of MPs is driven by physical processes. This observation was further supported by FTIR, as the surface functional groups of the GAC did not undergo any modifications after the adsorption process. In addition, only the Freundlich isotherm provided a good fit, suggesting that the adsorption takes place in a cooperative manner. When MPs obtained from wastewater samples were employed in the experiments using 0.5 g/L of GAC, the removal percentage achieved after 7 hours was approximately 30 %, a lower value than that obtained with the PP MP standards (43 %), which can be attributed to the nature of the MPs. This value increased to 90 % when a concentration of 1.5 g GAC/L was used. This study reveals that GAC can be considered a moderate adsorbent for the removal of PP microplastics in water treatment plants, with MPs attaching to the GAC surface through weak bonds such as Van der Waals forces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101196,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}