{"title":"Simultaneous three-harmonics matched power amplifier with 84.1% drain efficiency at 915 MHz for microwave power transfer","authors":"Zihao Cheng , Weixu Xiong , Deshuang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficiency of power amplifiers (PAs) is quite critical for microwave power transfer (MPT) systems. Among the developed PAs, Class-F PA is one of the competitive candidates due to its high efficiency. However, conventional harmonic suppression networks for Class-F PA rely on the simple control of the first and the second harmonics by independent open/short microstrip line. In this study we propose a simultaneous three-harmonic matching network which provides better harmonic matching at the output port of the GaN HEMT. A 915 MHz PA is designed, achieving a simulated peak drain efficiency (DE) of 86.6% and measured DE of 84.1% at 38.5 dBm output power. The design demonstrates superior harmonic matching compared to traditional Class-F PAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 131-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiujun Huang, Dele Shi, Hongyan Xu, Lei Zhao, Hao Zhan, Shihan Zhang, Chong Wang
{"title":"Design of intra-cabin laser wireless power transmission system for spacecraft","authors":"Xiujun Huang, Dele Shi, Hongyan Xu, Lei Zhao, Hao Zhan, Shihan Zhang, Chong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser wireless power transmission (LWPT) technology is an innovative approach for long-distance energy transfer via laser beams, demonstrating significant application potential in space solar power stations, lunar research base energy supply, and deep-space probe power systems. However, current domestic research remains at the ground-testing stage, lacking actual space-environment verification, while facing multiple challenges in complex space environment adaptability and optoelectronic device reliability. This paper addresses these issues by conducting preliminary design work on an intra-cabin LWPT system. Through establishing a 3D design model, we focus on mechanical resistance simulation analysis to evaluate structural stability under various load conditions. The results indicate that the proposed system exhibits excellent mechanical performance and feasibility, providing critical references for subsequent space-environment experimental validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 136-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deviation analysis of space-to-earth microwave wireless power transmission","authors":"Lu Zhou, Xinbin Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During space-to-earth microwave wireless power transmission, all sources of power beam coverage deviation must be confined within specified limits to ensure that the ground station can reliably receive the microwave beam. This paper investigates the power beam coverage deviation caused by orbit-determination errors, attitude errors, and beam-pointing errors, among other factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 152-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qikun Yang, Li Zhang, Shengrui Zhou, Bilal Iqbal Ayubi
{"title":"Investigation of the pyrolysis mechanism and structural evolution of polyimide under space environment based on molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Qikun Yang, Li Zhang, Shengrui Zhou, Bilal Iqbal Ayubi","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyimide (PI) is widely used in aerospace applications due to its excellent electrical insulation and thermal stability. However, prolonged exposure to high-temperature vacuum conditions in space can significantly compromise its structural integrity and reliability. To gain deeper insight into the pyrolysis behaviour and structural evolution of PI, this study employs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to conduct full-scale dynamic tracking of the heating process from 300 K to 3800 K. The evolution of bond breakage, gas-phase product formation, and system free volume is monitored in real time. The results indicate that PI pyrolysis proceeds in three distinct stages: an initial induction phase, a rapid decomposition phase, and a prolonged evolution phase. Product analysis reveals that CO accounts for 47.3% of gaseous species, primarily originating from the cleavage of carbonyl groups in the imide ring; <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O makes up 18.4%, closely related to hydroxyl radical recombination; and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> hydrocarbon fragments constitute 15.6%, reflecting deep fragmentation and molecular rearrangement. As temperature increases from 300 K to 800 K, the free volume fraction rises from 16.9% to 27.7%, indicating significant structural relaxation and diffusion pathway expansion. This work elucidates the multi-stage cooperative mechanism of PI pyrolysis at the atomic level and provides a theoretical basis for improving thermal stability and evaluating service life in aerospace environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in high-efficiency wireless power reception using electromagnetic metasurfaces","authors":"Shuai Liu, Han Xiong, Huaiqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microwave wireless power transmission (MWPT) is a promising solution to future energy challenges, exhibiting strong potential in space-based solar power stations, unmanned aerial vehicle endurance extension, and powering Internet of Things (IoT) devices. However, conventional microwave power receivers (MPRs) suffer from issues such as low efficiency, structural complexity, and polarization sensitivity. Electromagnetic metasurfaces, with their ability to precisely manipulate electromagnetic waves, provide a new direction for overcoming these bottlenecks. This paper is a review that focuses on the series of research achievements made by our research team in the area of high-efficiency wireless power reception based on electromagnetic metasurfaces. Key innovations are introduced, including gradient-index metasurfaces, reflective phase-gradient metasurfaces, dual-matching strategies, polarization-insensitive designs, near-field reception structures, and direct-feed architectures. These methods enable effective conversion of incident waves into surface waves with precise energy concentration, significantly improving conversion efficiency from plane waves to surface waves, as well as RF-to-DC conversion efficiency. Meanwhile, the system architecture is greatly simplified, providing a robust foundation for the practical application of MWPT systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An all-metal heatsink microstrip antenna for wireless power transmission","authors":"Jingjing Yang, Xin Wang, Huaiqing Zhang, Wenxiong Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An all-metal microstrip antenna with high gain, high efficiency, and heat-sinking capability is proposed for wireless power transmission (WPT). The antenna structure consists of a radiating patch and a cylindrical metal ring that shorts the patch to the ground. The metal ring also supports the patch so that the microstrip structure can be substrate-free, which improves the antenna’s radiation efficiency. The geometric parameters of the supportive metal ring are optimized with simulation results showing that a gain of 10.0 dBi and a radiation efficiency higher than 99.3% can be achieved. A prototype of the antenna is fabricated, assembled, and tested. The measurement results agree with the simulation very well. Moreover, simulation results show that the proposed dielectric-free structure serves as a heat sink when a power amplifier is integrated on the backside of the antenna ground. The heat from the amplifier can be effectively conducted to the radiating patch via the metal ring, which considerably reduces the temperature of the amplifier. The heat-sinking capability of the antenna is measured with a surface-mount ceramic chip as the heat source. The chip’s temperature with a thermal dissipation rate of 1 W is reduced from 80.1 °C to 66.7 °C without additional cooling devices. With the proposed antenna integrated with a class-F power amplifier, an active gain of 21.2 dBi is measured in the wireless power transmission experiment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 124-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingchun Du, Guanheng Fan, Dongxu Wang, Xintong Li
{"title":"One-dimensional linear distortion similitude research on concentrator unit for SSPS","authors":"Yingchun Du, Guanheng Fan, Dongxu Wang, Xintong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scaled-model thickness cannot be reduced by the same scaling factor as the length in similitude analysis of the space solar power station (SSPS) large-scale concentrator unit, resulting one-dimensional linear distortion. Thus, the complete scaling law is invalid, established by the traditional similitude analysis, reducing the prediction accuracy. To weaken the distortion effect, a chain separate similitude analysis method is presented to establish the distortion scaling law, thereby enhancing the prediction accuracy. First, a global scaling law is obtained based on dimensional analysis. Second, distortion model is formed by introduced a distortion coefficient, which allows for the global scaling law to be chain-separated into complete and partial similitude scales. Third, two sub-models of complete similitude and partial similitude are constructed respectively to weaken the distortion effect. Then, the scaling laws are established including complete and partial similitude, respectively. On this basis, the natural frequency distortion scaling law is derived. Finally, finite element models of the concentrator unit prototype and distortion model are developed to validate the suggested method. Through simulation analysis, the large-scale prototype first-order natural frequency predicted value is 28.34 Hz, while the theoretical value is 28.32 Hz. The prediction error of the first four orders’ natural frequency for the prototype is kept within 0.4%. Results indicate the proposed method can improve the accuracy by one order of magnitude compared to the existing methods, greatly weaken the distortion effect, and effectively solve the one-dimensional linear distortion problem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juqi Wang , Shumin Zhang , Teng Zhang , Jikui Liu , Gang Zhou , Jiyang Zhang , Jian Wang
{"title":"Reconstruction of wear debris migration trajectory and analysis of motion characteristics in on-orbit spacecraft conductive slip rings","authors":"Juqi Wang , Shumin Zhang , Teng Zhang , Jikui Liu , Gang Zhou , Jiyang Zhang , Jian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrically charged wear debris generated inside the conductive slip ring of spacecraft not only exacerbates the wear of the ring channel but also causes distortion of the electric field, which can induce surface flashover in vacuum, seriously affecting the operational reliability of solar array panels. This study is based on the space station experimental cabin’s on-orbit technology testing platform, and it systematically investigates the wear debris migration behavior of the brush–slip ring mechanism. Through long-term on-orbit testing observations, a three-dimensional multiphysics coupling model was developed using a Monte Carlo-Finite Element joint algorithm. This model reveals the migration mechanism of wear debris under the combined effect of the electrostatic field and electron radiation field: debris without initial velocity primarily adheres to the metal ring surface; debris with initial velocity migrates towards the shield with a speed of up to 0.0136 m/s in the electrostatic field, while a small amount adheres to the side of the insulating baffle due to electric field distortion near the brush; under the electron radiation combined field, the surface potential reconstruction of the dielectric increases the local field strength to 2.2 × 10<sup>8</sup> V/m, significantly enhancing the migration trend of the debris towards the insulating baffle and causing the debris on the inner side of the shield to detach and impact the baffle. The study accurately reproduced the spatial distribution characteristics of the wear debris and revealed the discharge behavior induced by the debris through trajectory prediction models and comparison with on-orbit experimental data. This provides theoretical support for the insulation reliability design of space electromechanical products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ze Wang , Qunhai Huo , Yuanli Lu , Lixin Wu , Xiaoqian Li , Meng Wei , Tongzhen Wei
{"title":"Research on decoupling equalization control strategy based on complex coupled inductors","authors":"Ze Wang , Qunhai Huo , Yuanli Lu , Lixin Wu , Xiaoqian Li , Meng Wei , Tongzhen Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a decoupling equalization control strategy based on complex coupled inductors is proposed to address the control difficulties caused by compound coupled inductors in the interleaved-parallel triple-coupled inductor-based boost converter (IP-TCIBC). First, the phase inductors are uncoupled from the output filter inductors by analyzing the decoupling and denationalizing the conductance matrices of the phase inductors to realize the phase inductor decoupling. The control block diagram is simplified by correcting the independent current inner loops of the two phases to identical type I systems, based on which the voltage–current dual closed-loop control is realized by adding a common voltage outer loop and rectifying it to a type II system. MATLAB/Simulink builds the closed-loop equalization control model, and the simulation verification shows that: under the proposed control strategy, the two-phase inductor currents are completely equal, the equalization effect is good and stable, and it is not affected by the disturbance of sudden change of internal resistance. The system has strong anti-interference ability, the voltage and current response is rapid during the sudden change of the load, and the dynamic performance is superior; the output voltage is stable, the overshooting amount is small, and the recovery time is fast. The results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the control strategy and provide new ideas and methods for solving the complex coupled inductor equalization control problems in DC–DC converters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liying Zhu , Zhigang Liu , Liang Ma , Xianrui Zeng , Weiguo Lu
{"title":"Analytical and experimental investigations of magnetic field distribution for wireless power transfer system with Ferrite core","authors":"Liying Zhu , Zhigang Liu , Liang Ma , Xianrui Zeng , Weiguo Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sspwt.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inductive coupled wireless power transfer (WPT) system transfers energy through the magnetic field. The magnetics field distribution of WPT system has significantly influence on the transmission efficiency and misalignment tolerance. This study investigates the magnetic field distribution of WPT system and presents a magnetic field distribution analytical model for WPT system. The analytical model is based on Fourier analysis method, and it can be applied in the cases of coil with air core and with Ferrite core. Furthermore, the finite element simulation model and experiment are conducted. The results of analysis, simulation and experiment are in good agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101177,"journal":{"name":"Space Solar Power and Wireless Transmission","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 110-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}