{"title":"Les difficultés d'interprétation de l'examen cyto-bactériologique des urines","authors":"René Courcol , Alain Marmonier , Yves Piemont","doi":"10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80032-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80032-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>L'examen cyto-bactériologique des urines est l'une des analyses microbiologiques les plus demandées. De nombreux paramètres pré-analytiques (prélèvement, transport) et analytiques (examen microscopique, tests rapides de dépistage, culture quantitative) interviennent pour le diagnostic bactériologique de l'infection urinaire.</p></div><div><p>The cyto-bacteriological examination of the urines is one of the most required microbiological analyses. Many pre-analytical (specimen collection and transport) and analytical parameters (microscopic examination, dipstick screening tests, quantitation of culture) are involved in the diagnosis of the urinary tract infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101129,"journal":{"name":"Revue Fran?aise des Laboratoires","volume":"2005 370","pages":"Pages 21-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80032-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123066812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Du nouveau sur l'origine de certains cancers","authors":"J. Houghton, C. Stoicov","doi":"10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80020-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80020-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101129,"journal":{"name":"Revue Fran?aise des Laboratoires","volume":"2005 370","pages":"Pages 14-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80020-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"103984008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prions : disséminés par la réponse inflammatoire","authors":"M. Heikenwalder","doi":"10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80023-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80023-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101129,"journal":{"name":"Revue Fran?aise des Laboratoires","volume":"2005 370","pages":"Page 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80023-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114337473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Les difficultés d'interprétation du diagnostic virologique de l'hépatite B","authors":"Patrick Soussan , Catherine Le Pendeven","doi":"10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80036-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80036-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>L'infection par le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) reste un problème de santé public mondial. Une projection épidémiologique a évalué qu'un à deux milliards d'humains ont été infectés par le VHB à travers le monde. Le VHB est un virus à tropisme hépatique, responsable d'une infection aiguë de symptomatologie variable. Quelle que soit la sévérité de cette phase aiguë, le virus peut persister dans l'organisme et générer une infection persistante. Au cours de l'histoire naturelle de l'infection virale aiguë et chronique, la réponse immunitaire de l'hôte participe largement à la physiopathogenèse virale. Cette infection chronique par le VHB touche aujourd'hui plus de 350 millions de personnes et accroît considérablement le risque de développement d'un cancer primitif du foie. Le diagnostic virologique de l'infection par le VHB est à la fois direct (détection d'antigènes et de génome viral) et indirect (détection d'anticorps dirigés contre différentes protéines virales). Le diagnostic immunologique est basé sur la caractérisation de trois différents systèmes antigènes viraux-anticorps. Ce diagnostic est complété par des analyses moléculaires fondées sur la recherche et la caractérisation du génome viral dans le sang ou le foie de patients infectés. Bien que la découverte de ce virus date de plus de 30 ans, la sensibilité croissante des outils de diagnostic virologique a récemment dévoilé une réalité de l'infection virale bien plus complexe que celle que l'on imaginait. Cependant, et malgré ces récentes avancées dans le diagnostic ainsi que dans le traitement de cette infection virale, l'éradication complète du VHB reste, à ce jour, une perspective encore peu probable.</p></div><div><p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major world health problem. An epidemiological study estimated that more than one billion people around a world were infected by HBV. Major target tissue of HBV is the liver cells. This hepatocyte virus infection is initially associated with an acute hepatitis usually asymptomatic but occasionally related to a fulminant hepatitis. Acute HBV infection evolved either to a chronic viral disease or to a resolutive infection. However, this natural course of infection was independent to the acute pathogenesis stage. Immune host response during the course of disease was largely involved in the liver pathogenesis Epidemiological and molecular studies have clearly demonstrated the prime importance of HBV infection to the development of primary liver cancer. Actually, more than 350 millions people were HBV chronic carriers in the world. Viral diagnosis was based on immunological analysis. Almost three different parameters were studied to explore the course of viral infection. This diagnosis was completed by molecular analysis of the viral characteristic (genotype and viral load) in blood and liver tissue. Regardless of hepatitis B virus described more than 30 years ago, the recently advance of diagnosis tools revealed a natural course of ","PeriodicalId":101129,"journal":{"name":"Revue Fran?aise des Laboratoires","volume":"2005 370","pages":"Pages 47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80036-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114938962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Les difficultés d'interprétation du dosage des marqueurs cardiaques","authors":"Guillaume Lefèvre","doi":"10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80033-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80033-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Le dosage des marqueurs cardiaques est couramment réalisé dans les laboratoires centraux et d'urgence. Le rôle clé dévolu au dosage des marqueurs cardiaques dans le diagnostic et le pronostic des syndromes coronariens aigus souligne le besoin de connaître leurs difficultés d'interprétation. À ce jour, les principaux marqueurs cardiaques sont la myoglobine, la créatine kinase et son isoenzyme MB et les troponines, seuls ces derniers possédant une valeur prédictive des complications cardiovasculaires. Du point de vue du biologiste, les principaux problèmes d'interprétation des résultats concernant le dosage de la myoglobine sont liés à la faible spécificité d'organe et aux nombreuses circonstances cliniques d'origine non cardiaque où sa concentration augmente. Pour la créatine kinase, les problèmes d'interprétation sont d'origine analytique ou liés à sa faible spécificité d'organe. Pour la troponine, les problèmes d'interprétation sont à la fois analytiques et préanalytiques, en particulier liés aux limites des immunodosages et à leur imprécision pour les faibles concentrations. À cause de son excellente cardiospécificité, le dosage de la troponine peut être augmenté dans des circonstances non ischémiques. En conclusion, les problèmes d'interprétation des marqueurs cardiaques sont nombreux et doivent être pondérés en prenant en compte à la fois des données cliniques et analytiques.</p></div><div><p>Cardiac markers assay is now current within stat and central laboratories. The pivotal role assessed to cardiac marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome underlines the need to know the main causes of pitfalls encountered with these assays. To date, the main tests used in diagnosis of acute of cardiovascular complications. From the clinical chemist point of view, the main problem for myoglobin result interpretation is its poor organ specificity, the numerous extracardiac circumstances (i.e. muscular pathologies, renal insufficiency...) were an increase in concentration is found. Creatine kinase and its MB fraction pitfalls are mainly analytic or in relation with their poor cardiac specificity. Troponin assays plays a major role in cardiac diagnosis. The main interpretation problems encountered with troponin assays relies on analytical problems, including preanalytical problems, non specific immunoreactivity, low-end precision. Furthermore, due to its excellent cardiospecificity, the troponin value could be increased in non ischemic clinical circumstances. In conclusion, difficulties in cardiac markers assays are numerous and major caution must be observed in interpreting the cardiac marker by considering both clinical and biological issues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101129,"journal":{"name":"Revue Fran?aise des Laboratoires","volume":"2005 370","pages":"Pages 27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80033-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116264288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quand le paludisme est une urgence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80043-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80043-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101129,"journal":{"name":"Revue Fran?aise des Laboratoires","volume":"2005 370","pages":"Page 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80043-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136422813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Handicap neurologique et réseau de soin : la SEP, deux tiers de femmes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80010-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80010-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>En quelques années, des réseaux ville-hôpital ont permis d'améliorer la prise en charge de la sclérose en plaques (SEP) à domicile.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101129,"journal":{"name":"Revue Fran?aise des Laboratoires","volume":"2005 370","pages":"Page 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80010-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137354258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Résistance à l'aspirine, que dit le PFA-100 ?","authors":"J.-M.M.","doi":"10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80003-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80003-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101129,"journal":{"name":"Revue Fran?aise des Laboratoires","volume":"2005 370","pages":"Page 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0338-9898(05)80003-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137436873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}