Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice最新文献

Subject Index of Volume 6 第六卷主题索引

Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1871-2320(06)00038-1

引用次数: 0

Chronic pelvic pain: Aetiology and therapy 慢性盆腔疼痛:病因和治疗

Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.02.004

Cynthia Farquhar , Pallavi Latthe

引用次数: 17

Intrauterine origins of metabolic disease 代谢性疾病的宫内起源

Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.03.002

N.H. Smith , S.E. Ozanne

{"title":"Intrauterine origins of metabolic disease","authors":"N.H. Smith , S.E. Ozanne","doi":"10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>It is well established that there is a strong relationship between fetal growth and the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes and other features of the metabolic syndrome. The importance of the fetal environment has been shown in both human and rodent studies. Twin studies suggest that the relationship can be independent of genotype, and studies of individuals in gestation during famine clearly indicate the importance of the fetal environment. However the mechanistic basis of the relationship is as yet unknown. To investigate the underlying mechanisms behind this relationship, a number of animal models have been developed. Nutritional insults administered maternally such as calorie restriction, iron restriction, high fat feeding and protein restriction have all been shown to lead to features of the metabolic syndrome in the offspring. Exposure to hormones, surgical interventions and gestational diabetes have also been shown to have detrimental effects on the offspring. These animal models provide strong evidence that alterations in the fetal environment can lead to metabolic diseases in adult life.</div>","PeriodicalId":101088,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.03.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86541727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Repeat Caesarean section or induction of labour 重复剖腹产或引产

Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.04.001

Sarah Vause , Stelios Christodoulou

引用次数: 0

Genetic mutations in gynaecological cancers 妇科癌症的基因突变

Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.05.009

Karim Elmasry, Simon A. Gayther

{"title":"Genetic mutations in gynaecological cancers","authors":"Karim Elmasry, Simon A. Gayther","doi":"10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Approximately 10% of cancer deaths in women in Westernised countries are due to gynaecological malignancy. Cancer results from the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. Some alterations occur in the germline and increase susceptibility to disease during an individual's lifetime. Such alterations often manifest themselves as a clustering of cancer cases within families. However, these are relatively rare. Most genetic changes are spontaneous, occurring in somatic cells, and are associated with a progressive tumour development. It is likely that the compliment of genetic changes that initiate and accumulate during tumour formation influence clinical features of disease including histopathological subtypes, response to therapy and, ultimately, patient survival. It is hoped that a greater understanding of the underlying genetic basis of tumourgenesis will lead to better risk prediction for individuals with susceptibility to cancer, an improved ability to detect cancer at an earlier, more treatable stage and to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Many of these goals are dependent on the continuing progress of biotechnology to develop high throughput methods for the rapid analysis and characterisation of blood and tumour tissue specimens for implementation in routine clinical diagnostic procedures.</div>","PeriodicalId":101088,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.05.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89916141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The investigation and management of the hirsute woman 多毛妇女的调查与处理

Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.06.002

Nadia F. Soliman , Peter G. Wardle

{"title":"The investigation and management of the hirsute woman","authors":"Nadia F. Soliman , Peter G. Wardle","doi":"10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Female hirsutism is a distressing and embarrassing problem although there is rarely a sinister underlying pathology. It is characterised by excessive coarse terminal hairs in a male-like pattern and is due to increased androgen production or increased sensitivity of androgen receptors. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is by far the commonest cause of hirsutism. A systematic evaluation of the patient will readily identify any serious underlying cause. Therapeutic options often include a combination of medical treatments targeting different sites of action, apart from mechanical ablation, cosmetic measures, or use of a new topical treatment to reduce the rate of hair growth. The combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP) is the most commonly used treatment and can supplement other medications but may not be ideal for obese patients. Finasteride and cyproterone acetate are effective treatments and new evidence suggests that low doses of these treatments can be just as effective. Spironolactone can be an effective treatment for hirsutism, although it is not as widely used in the UK as it is elsewhere in the world. Insulin sensitisers, particularly metformin, are being used increasingly with very promising results but more data are needed. Obesity can aggravate hirsutism and influence the choice of treatment. Weight reduction should be a crucial element of treatment in women who are overweight. Due to the long growth cycles of body hair, any objective benefit from a systemic treatment would not be expected before 6–12 months. Concomitant reliable contraception should be used to avoid the possible harm of antiandrogens on a male foetus. Vaniqa and Dianette are the only licensed treatments for hirsutism in the UK.</div>","PeriodicalId":101088,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81945192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The evidence for the use of cervical cerclage 使用宫颈环扎术的证据

Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.06.003

Jennifer A. Brewster , James J. Walker

{"title":"The evidence for the use of cervical cerclage","authors":"Jennifer A. Brewster , James J. Walker","doi":"10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Cervical incompetence is an important factor in the aetiology of preterm birth and mid-trimester miscarriage. Its diagnosis usually relies on clinical history, but recent studies have investigated the role of transvaginal ultrasound scanning, with the finding of shortened cervical length being associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery.Cervical incompetence can be treated using MacDonald and Shirodkar cervical sutures. The largest study to date found a significant reduction in preterm delivery in those women who had a suggestive clinical history. This finding has been supported by the insertion of sutures in women found to have a shortened cervix on ultrasound scan. These findings are inconsistent, with some studies failing to confirm benefit.Transabdominal cervical sutures have a role in treating women with previously failed cervical cerclage (success rates reported as over 80% in most studies) although the numbers of women who have undergone this treatment is small.Cervical sutures have been used in the management of multiple pregnancies, although to date there is no good evidence that cervical sutures have a significant role.The use of emergency cervical sutures seems to have a role in a select population of women who present with painless cervical dilatation, in the absence of infection; in these women gestation has been prolonged by up to seven weeks.</div>","PeriodicalId":101088,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.06.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74235980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Pelvic inflammatory disease and pelvic abscesses 盆腔炎和盆腔脓肿

Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.06.001

Zeenat Eva Khan, Javed H. Rizvi

引用次数: 7

Factors affecting the early embryonic environment 影响早期胚胎环境的因素

Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.05.004

Jemma Johns , Eric Jauniaux , Graham Burton

{"title":"Factors affecting the early embryonic environment","authors":"Jemma Johns , Eric Jauniaux , Graham Burton","doi":"10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The early human embryo develops in a tightly controlled, relatively protected environment. During the first 8–12 weeks of human gestation, the delivery of maternal blood, and therefore the amount of oxygen to the developing embryo is limited and the embryo is supplied with essential nutrients in part via the decidual uterine glands, the placental trophoblast and the secondary yolk sac. Factors that interfere with this process may well result in spontaneous miscarriage or adverse outcome later in pregnancy. There is mounting evidence for the presence of transporter systems for many substances including drugs and toxins from the maternal to the fetal compartments in early pregnancy. The role of these substances in both the protection of early pregnancy development and possible teratogenicity are explored in this chapter. Clearly, the timing of exposure to potentially damaging substances is crucial with effects on conception, implantation, placental development and organogenesis dependent on the gestation at which exposure occurs.</div>","PeriodicalId":101088,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.05.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86280783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Postpartum bladder dysfunction 产后膀胱功能障碍

Reviews in Gynaecological and Perinatal Practice Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rigapp.2006.05.007

Charlotte Chaliha

引用次数: 19