Results in Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Stratigraphic architectural development and growth history of a Paleocene isolated carbonate platform, north-central Sirte Basin, Libya: Interplay of tectonics and eustasy","authors":"Muneer Abdalla ,&nbsp;Abdalla Abdelnabi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Issa ,&nbsp;Meeloud Abdullah ,&nbsp;Husamaldeen Zubi ,&nbsp;Yousf Abushalah","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isolated carbonate platforms are present throughout the geologic record and often serve as important hydrocarbon reservoirs. Example of these isolated platforms include the Great Bahamas Bank, Great Bank of Guizhou, Yucatán, and Queensland Plateau. In this study, 3D seismic and wireline logs are utilized to unravel the internal stratigraphic architecture, evolutionary history, and major controls on the development and eventual demise of a Paleocene-age isolated platform within the RG Field in north-central Sirte Basin, north-central Libya. Five distinct seismic facies reveal diverse lithologies and depositional settings. Four key depositional settings are identified from the seismic facies and attributes: the platform interior (lagoon) with pinnacles, reef margin, slope, and intraplatform seaway. The studied platform that has a lateral extent of at least 350 km² comprises four stratigraphic sequences separated by unconformable sequence boundaries deciphered from seismic and well log data. The growth of the platform began at the start of the Paleocene with patch reefs developing on pre-existing Cretaceous horst and ceased at the end of the Paleocene due to subaerial exposure. The evolution of the platform occurred as vertical aggradation within the platform interior, margins, the intraplatform seaway, and as progradation on the slopes. Tectonic subsidence resulting from the basin rifting at the late stages of the Cretaceous along with repeated rising sea-level changes, provided the space for carbonate platform growth. The Cretaceous horst structure created a shallow-water positive feature that encouraged sediment accumulation. Short-term sea-level changes further influenced internal stratigraphic complexity and sequence development, detectable as cycles of third-order magnitude in the seismic data. Findings from this research offer valuable insights into isolated platform formations in extensional rift settings, aiding the prediction of depositional settings and sedimentary facies that could possibly host hydrocarbon reservoirs. The created model can also be a useful reference for other carbonate platforms worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geotechnical and geological characterization of the Meskani Mine Complex, Yazd Block, Central Iran: A multidisciplinary study","authors":"Ahmad Adib ,&nbsp;Pooria Kianoush","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Meskani Mine Complex in Central Iran presents significant challenges due to its complex geological and geotechnical characteristics, which can impact mining operations and structural integrity. This study aims to provide a comprehensive geotechnical and geological assessment of the site, focusing on soil and rock properties, seismicity, and hydrogeological conditions. The primary objective is to develop a geotechnical zoning map that incorporates parameters such as unconfined compressive strength (UCS), porosity, permeability, and resistance to inform safe and efficient mining practices. To achieve this, 15 boreholes were drilled to a depth of 15 m, and various geotechnical tests—including UCS, direct shear, and permeability tests—were conducted. The results revealed significant variability in soil and rock properties—with UCS values ranging from 1.25 MPa to 17 MPa—indicating areas that may require reinforcement. The study also identified low-permeability mudstones and marls—which can lead to increased pore water pressure and potential slope instability—particularly during heavy rainfall events. Seismic analysis indicated that the site is located in a region with a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.30 g for a 475-year return period, which necessitates the incorporation of seismic design principles in construction. The findings underscore the importance of tailored foundation designs, with allowable bearing capacities estimated at 200 kPa for competent strata, along with recommendations for deep foundations in weaker areas. This research contributes valuable insights into the geotechnical and geological characteristics of the Meskani Mine Complex, offering a foundation for future mining operations and environmental management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of tunnel ground deformation – A case study from Western Himalaya, India","authors":"A. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Sudipta K. Mishra ,&nbsp;Md Alquamar Azad ,&nbsp;TN Singh ,&nbsp;Abdullah Ansari ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Kainthola ,&nbsp;Shafat Ahmad ,&nbsp;Khansa Zaidi","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on prediction and analysis of ground deformation during construction of Khari-Banihal Railway Tunnel (KBRT) in the Western Himalayas. KBRT is located in a geologically disturbed area and has undergone multiple phases of deformation. Objective of this study is to identify the key factors influencing tunnel deformation and develop a predictive model using real-time 3D monitoring data and multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques. Motivation behind this study arises from frequent discrepancies observed between anticipated and actual deformation in tunnels, particularly in geologically complex regions with high tectonic activity. The findings suggest that deformation in tunnel walls and crown is influenced by overburden thickness and <em>in-situ</em> stress. Increasing number of support elements and support pressure leads to higher deformation, while longer pull length reduces deformation tendencies. Size of plastic zone around the tunnel also plays a crucial role in deformation. The proposed predictive model improves project planning by enhancing cost and time efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater potential assessment in Pino region, South Bengkulu, Indonesia using geo-investigation, remote sensing, and GIS approaches","authors":"Ashar Muda Lubis ,&nbsp;Hera Wahyu Fauzi ,&nbsp;Arya J. Akbar","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater plays significant role in fulfilling the needs of local community in Indonesia. For example, in Pino region, South Bengkulu, Indonesia the people are experienced challenges in prospecting groundwater resources. Some locations provide enough groundwater, while some are not. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the distribution of groundwater potential in Pino region by using Geo-investigation Electrical Resistivity Tomography (2D ERT), Remote Sensing (RS), and Geographical Information System (GIS) methods. Various parameters related to groundwater potential were weighted with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to generate a groundwater potential distribution map. In order to validate our results, we compared the distribution map with subsurface resistivity structures obtained from ERT data inversion. The distribution map of the groundwater potential derived by the RS and GIS methods is classified into five classes such low, fair, moderate, good, and excellent classes, respectively. In general, we found that majority of the research area is classified to fair and moderate classes of the groundwater potential. In the ERT results, low resistivity values of 0.13–7.60 Ω.•m are interpreted as subsurface aquifers at the depths of 3–50 m. The comparison of ERT results and the distribution map with AHP shows a good consistent of the groundwater potential. This study provides valuable insights for local authorities and local communities in the Pino region, South Bengkulu, Indonesia to plan and manage their groundwater resources more effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling seismicity with depth: b-value, correlation dimension, and return periods analysis in far Western Nepal","authors":"Ram Krishna Tiwari,&nbsp;Harihar Paudyal","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the depth-dependent variations of b-value and fractal dimension using earthquake data from Far Western Nepal, employing three estimation methods: Maximum Likelihood Estimation (ML), Bayesian Method (BM), and Gumbel Method (GM). The results reveal a characteristic fractal scale of ∼7.5–35 km, corresponding to the brittle-ductile transition zone in the crust. The correlation dimension increases from 0.4 (0–10 km depth) to ∼1.2 (12–24 km), indicating a transition from clustered seismicity to more homogeneous stress distribution. The b-values exhibit a decreasing trend with depth, with higher values (0.57–0.74) in shallow crustal layers (0–10 km) and lower values (0.23–0.34) at greater depths (&gt;20 km), suggesting a shift from heterogeneous fracture-dominated deformation to more uniform stress release in ductile regimes. A strong negative correlation (R² &gt; 0.7) between b-value and correlation dimension is observed for ML and BM, while the GM shows weaker dependence (R² = 0.17). Return period analysis indicates frequent small-magnitude earthquakes (M ∼5–5.5) with decadal recurrence, whereas larger events (M ≥5) have centennial return periods. The probability of exceedance analysis further confirms that minor earthquakes (M = 4–5) are likely within short timeframes, while larger events (M ≥ 5.5) become increasingly probable over longer periods. The notable difference in the seismic indicators with depth suggest future major earthquakes in Far Western Nepal will likely occur below 20 km depth. We recommend integrating these depth-varying seismic indicators into hazard models to enhance earthquake preparedness and risk reduction strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonics of the zagros orogen: An introduction","authors":"Soumyajit Mukherjee,&nbsp;Raana Razavi Pash,&nbsp;Şule Gürboğa","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis, geodynamic setting, age of Rhyacian igneous rocks, from Nampala gold deposit: Implications for the crustal growth of the Birimian terrain in southern Mali","authors":"Sory I.M. Konate ,&nbsp;Mamadou L. Bouare ,&nbsp;Anthony T. Bolarinwa ,&nbsp;Daniel Kwayisi ,&nbsp;Raymond Webrah Kazapoe ,&nbsp;Elhadji Mory Traore ,&nbsp;N.’Tcha Daniel Kouagou N’Dah","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Nampala gold deposit is a sub-world-class deposit situated within the Birimian terrain of southern Mali, it is characterized by metasedimentary, intrusive, and graphitic schist rocks. This study investigated the petrography, geochemistry, and geochronology of the intrusive rocks (lamprophyre and granitoid) to elucidate their origins, petrogenesis, age, and tectonic settings. The lamprophyres are porphyritic and holocrystalline and are composed of pyroxene and amphibole, some of the mafic minerals have been altered to talc. The granitoids are coarse-grained and composed predominantly of plagioclase, with minor quartz, microcline, biotite, and sulfides. The lamprophyres exhibit subalkaline, specifically calc-alkaline characteristics, enrichment of Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) to Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE), intermediate ratios of Dy/Yb and Sm/Yb between 1.8 – 2.0 and 2.5 – 2.9, respectively, high Rb/Sr (0.56 – 0.79), and low Ba/Rb (2.04 – 2.50) ratios. These features indicate formation through low-degree partial melting of phlogopite-bearing lherzolite in the spinel-garnet transition zone at depths of 75–80 km. The granitoids are granodiorite and crystallized at 2.1 Ga, I-type. They are peraluminous, and high-K calc-alkaline, with subchondritic εHf(t) values (-1.83–3.3) and TDM1 model ages (2.52 – 2.33 Ga). These signatures suggest a hybrid origin involving juvenile mantle melts and recycled Paleoproterozoic crust during an accretionary orogen. The Mg# and SiO₂ contents of the granitoids' along with REE patterns and Ba, Sr, and Eu anomalies, imply melting of the delaminated lower crust. Trace element patterns, and negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies, support a subduction-related genesis for both rock types. The findings provide critical constraints on the subduction-accretion processes contributing to the evolution of the Birimian Terrain within the West African Craton.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying robust precursor regions of driving parameters affecting the Accumulated Cyclone Energy in the North Indian Ocean using the Causal Effect Network","authors":"Akshay Kumar Sagar ,&nbsp;Arun Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Abhishek Kumar ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are significant variations in tropical cyclone (TC) activity every year and related casualties. The mitigation of human and property losses brought on by TCs depends heavily on the realistic forecasting of TC intensities at longer lead times. In this regard, Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) is the most appropriate measure to access cyclone energy. The study examines the association between ACE and other driving parameters influencing its variability and identifies the robust precursor regions using modern-day machine learning techniques. Initially, the correlation between ACE and driving variables (vertical wind shear, sea surface temperature, specific humidity, tropical cyclone heat potential, relative vorticity, and total column water vapor availability) is assessed. The analysis demonstrates a significant robust association between ACE and associated driving factors over the main cyclogenesis regions. Subsequently, an innovative K-means clustering process and the Causal Effect Network (CEN) based technique employing the PCMCI algorithm are utilized to investigate the relationship among the clustered regions of variables and ACE. Finally, the main contributing regions (MCR) accountable for affecting the changes in the ACE values in the basin are identified. The causal and cluster graphs illustrate the MCRs that exert direct or indirect substantial influence on ACE value. These fluctuations results are caused by the variations of atmospheric and oceanic parameters. These methods may be useful for policymakers and researchers in precise prediction, tracking cyclones, and identifying areas that affect future cyclogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework for reinterpretation of legacy hydrocarbon data for sustainable groundwater mapping: Case studies from the Napuu and Lotikipi Aquifers, Kenya","authors":"Abiud Masinde","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater resources are increasingly critical for climate resilience, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Yet groundwater mapping remains challenging due to sparse hydrogeological data. Meanwhile, oil and gas exploration has generated extensive subsurface datasets, including seismic and well log data, which remain underutilized for groundwater studies. This paper presents a general framework on how oil and gas subsurface data can be repurposed to identify sustainable shallow groundwater resources, addressing the gap caused by limited dedicated groundwater data. The framework, which is based on seismic and well logs, involves the assessment of stratigraphy, aquifer characteristics, water quality and chemistry, structural influences on groundwater distribution, and hydro-stratigraphic interpretation. This approach is applied to Kenya's Napuu and Lotikipi aquifers. Results reveal that in the Napuu Aquifer, the fluvial and coarse sandstones between 300–1000 m represent the most promising targets, with confirmed high permeability (20–80 m/day), porosity exceeding 20 % and fresh to slightly brackish water (TDS-Total Dissolved Solids) 600–1200 mg/L), supported by pressure testing. In the Lotikipi Aquifer, the Pliocene sandstone unit (LKT76), located between 220–470 m, emerged as the most promising aquifer zone. It displays high porosity (24–32 %), excellent permeability (20–80 m/day), and favorable water quality with TDS values between 500–1000 mg/L. Structural analysis highlighted major normal faults influencing aquifer compartmentalization and recharge pathways in both aquifers. Deeper formations beyond 1000 m displayed reduced permeability and higher salinity, reinforcing the focus on shallower groundwater development. These insights demonstrate how existing oil and gas data can significantly enhance groundwater exploration, supporting climate-resilient water management in data-scarce regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global review on shale: Focus on hydrocarbon geoscience & carbon sequestration","authors":"Ankita Paul ,&nbsp;Soumyajit Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Mery Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shale gas is a potential unconventional resource meeting the challenges of the energy crisis. Among the 195 countries of the world, 52 countries contain 108 established shale basins and 156 shale formations for commercial shale oil and gas exploration. For commercial development, the following factors are important- <em>(i)</em> thickness of the shale formation and their depths, (ii) (low) permeability of the cap-rock / seal, and <em>(iii)</em> geochemical and hydraulic properties of potential organic-rich source rocks. The carbon sequestration potential is unique to each hydrocarbon potential shale formation and basin. Shale formation designated as tight rocks act as storage/reservoirs for carbon sequestration as it captures CO₂ permanently and does not permit it to move upward across the seal. This reduces atmospheric emission level and has potential to check global warming. However, CO₂ capture in shale has not been in global focus for researchers. The study of the prospective shale oil and gas formations worldwide reveals that hydrocarbons are found within 3280–16,500 ft (999.74–5029.2 m) depth. Their average total organic carbon (TOC) and thermal maturity range from 1 % to 10 % and 0.6–3.8 %, respectively, for original type I and II kerogens. The geologic CO₂ sequestration process in potential and active shale basins are discussed with respect of several tectonic events, and past climatic changes such as glacial and interglacial periods and sea-level variation. The Russian Bazhenov Formation is the world’s most prosperous hydrocarbon reservoir while the black organic-rich shale in the Vaca Muerta Formation (Neuquen basin, Argentina) ranks second.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}