Geotechnical and geological characterization of the Meskani Mine Complex, Yazd Block, Central Iran: A multidisciplinary study

Abstract

The Meskani Mine Complex in Central Iran presents significant challenges due to its complex geological and geotechnical characteristics, which can impact mining operations and structural integrity. This study aims to provide a comprehensive geotechnical and geological assessment of the site, focusing on soil and rock properties, seismicity, and hydrogeological conditions. The primary objective is to develop a geotechnical zoning map that incorporates parameters such as unconfined compressive strength (UCS), porosity, permeability, and resistance to inform safe and efficient mining practices. To achieve this, 15 boreholes were drilled to a depth of 15 m, and various geotechnical tests—including UCS, direct shear, and permeability tests—were conducted. The results revealed significant variability in soil and rock properties—with UCS values ranging from 1.25 MPa to 17 MPa—indicating areas that may require reinforcement. The study also identified low-permeability mudstones and marls—which can lead to increased pore water pressure and potential slope instability—particularly during heavy rainfall events. Seismic analysis indicated that the site is located in a region with a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.30 g for a 475-year return period, which necessitates the incorporation of seismic design principles in construction. The findings underscore the importance of tailored foundation designs, with allowable bearing capacities estimated at 200 kPa for competent strata, along with recommendations for deep foundations in weaker areas. This research contributes valuable insights into the geotechnical and geological characteristics of the Meskani Mine Complex, offering a foundation for future mining operations and environmental management.