Results in Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Structural evaluation and hydrocarbon potentials of Emil Field, offshore Niger Delta Basin","authors":"Ekwu Victor Chukwuemeka ,&nbsp;Alexander Ogbamikhumi ,&nbsp;Sikiru Adeoye Salami ,&nbsp;Chekwube Nnamdi Didi","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Emil Field, located in the deep offshore Niger Delta Basin, represents a structurally complex petroleum system shaped by sediment loading, growth faulting, and shale diapirism. This study applies an integrated workflow of seismic interpretation, well log analysis, basin modeling, gross depositional environment (GDE) mapping, and structural evolution to evaluate its structural evolution and hydrocarbon potential. Biostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic analysis established chronostratigraphic markers, supporting the correlation of six prospective reservoirs (Sands B, D, F, G, M, and R). Burial history and thermal maturity modeling confirm the Akata Formation as the main source rock, with transformation ratios above 90 %, indicating significant hydrocarbon generation since ∼50 Ma. While biodegradation risks occur in shallow intervals, deeper reservoirs preserve better quality. Ten prospects (A–J) were mapped, showing diverse structural styles, including fault-assisted anticlines, domal highs, and rollover closures, reflecting the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the basin. Structural evolution defined four deformation stages: (1) pre-deformation with continuous strata, (2) early deformation with syn-sedimentary faulting and shale mobilization, (3) late deformation marked by diapiric piercement, truncation, and compartmentalization, and (4) present-day structure with canyons, rollover anticlines, listric faults, and diapiric traps. Isopach and isochores revealed thickness anomalies and truncations around diapirs, confirming their role in sediment distribution and trap geometry. Emil Field’s prospectivity is governed by structural deformation and shale diapirism, which created opportunities in structural and stratigraphic traps but also challenges from reservoir truncation and seal integrity. This integrated approach enhances exploration success in frontier deepwater Niger Delta settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of seismic anisotropy and azimuthally varying resonances from seismic data recorded at the Noto Peninsula using seismic interferometry and empirical mode decomposition","authors":"Andrés Pech-Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing the uncertainties in the detection of fluid-filled fractures and faults is essential for natural resource exploration and earthquake forecasting, yet it remains a complex challenge. This study explores the hypothesis that seismic anisotropy and wave resonances can help to reduce uncertainties in fracture and fault detection, particularly in the Noto Peninsula. Seismic data from KiK-net stations ISKH06 and ISKH04 are analyzed using deconvolution and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to identify wave patterns possibly related to fluid flow and crack propagation. The ISKH06 and ISKH04 stations have boreholes equipped with triaxial accelerometers at depths of 200 m and 100 m, respectively, as well as at the surface. Deconvolution of seismic events recorded at the surface and at depth helps identify anisotropic layers. To interpret interferograms, the study utilizes a one-dimensional layered medium, empirical mode decomposition, and an orthorhombic model. Genuine resonances or tremors are identified mainly along: a) directions subparallel to horizontal stress orientations, and b) directions that traverse intersecting fractures. This study can significantly impact the fields of resource exploration and production, and earthquake preparedness, by providing strategies to mitigate the uncertainties in the detection of subsurface fractures and faults, ultimately leading to better resource management, improved characterization of fluid mobility, and enhanced seismic hazard assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the point mass balance and surface ice velocity for the debris-covered glacier, Panchi II, western Himalaya (India)","authors":"Sarvagya Vatsal ,&nbsp;Mohd Farooq Azam ,&nbsp;Anshuman Bhardwaj ,&nbsp;Arindan Mandal ,&nbsp;Raaj Ramsankaran ,&nbsp;Mohd Soheb ,&nbsp;Saumya G. Kutty ,&nbsp;Chetan Singh ,&nbsp;Somdutta Mishra ,&nbsp;Alagappan Ramanathan ,&nbsp;Ishmohan Bahuguna ,&nbsp;Purvee Joshi ,&nbsp;N. Janardhana Raju","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2024.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Debris-covered glaciers with complex morphological features, including ice cliffs and supraglacial lakes, remain relatively understudied in the Himalaya. Panchi II Glacier, located in the Bhaga Basin of the western Himalaya, exemplifies such complex debris-covered glacier. We conducted assessments of both the point mass balances and the surface ice velocity of the Panchi II Glacier. We measured the debris thickness at various elevation zones and observed non-uniformity in the debris thickness across the glacier. To understand the influence of debris thickness, our methodology encompassed the direct glaciological approach for point mass balance estimation, complemented by DGPS surveying and satellite-derived datasets for surface ice velocity estimation. The point mass balance for 2017–2021 indicates that debris thickness is a key factor in regulating glacier melt. Mean surface ice velocity of the whole glacier for the year 2019/21 was 9.2 ± 1.5 m a⁻¹. Our findings indicate that for Panchi II Glacier melting is predominantly governed by debris thickness rather than elevation. Furthermore, multivariate linear analysis reveals that elevation, debris thickness, and slope explain 91 % variability in the surface ice velocity of the glacier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning and neural networks in predicting grain-size of sandy formations","authors":"Fori Yao Paul Assalé ,&nbsp;Assiès François Aristide Kouao ,&nbsp;Marcel Touvalé Kessé","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A total of 2520 sand samples, obtained from grain size analysis, were used in this study. The primary aim is to predict sand grain sizes using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The input data consists of the five grain size fractions of sands based on the Udden-Wentworth scale, while the output data represents the five sand types (very coarse, coarse, medium, fine, and very fine) according to the average grain size. The machine learning algorithms employed are Random Forest and XGBoost, while the deep learning algorithms include MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory). All algorithms were implemented using Python. The evaluation metrics used for model assessment include K-fold validation, confusion matrix, and accuracy. The dataset was split into training (70 %, 1764 samples) and validation (30 %, 756 samples) sets. The study reveals that LSTM and MLP neural networks are better suited for predicting sand sizes, with MLP achieving the highest accuracy at 99.6 %. While machine learning algorithms performed well, they slightly lagged behind neural networks, with Random Forest achieving 99.07 % accuracy and XGBoost 98.81 %. In terms of sand type classification, all algorithms predicted very fine and very coarse sands with 100 % accuracy. However, fine, medium, and coarse sands showed some susceptibility to misclassification. Coarse sands were the most prone to misclassification, particularly being misidentified as medium or very coarse sands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Significance of Digitalized Logs and Seismics through Structural Modelling and Petrophysical Analyses: Case study: Neogene-Paleogene reservoirs of the Rio Del Rey Basin, Gulf of Guinea. Cameroon","authors":"Mbouemboue Nsangou Moussa Ahmed ,&nbsp;Olugbengha Ajayi Ehinola ,&nbsp;Wakwenmendam Nguet Pauline ,&nbsp;Marie Joseph Ntamak Nida ,&nbsp;Anatole Eugene Djieto Lordon","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of geophysics into the world of hydrocarbon exploration has been proven to date very far back in time demonstrated by information from well logs and seismics. This study tries to characterize the reservoir using well logs and seismics originally digitized from analogue from the Rio Del Rey basin of Cameroon. Well logs and seismic maps were transformed from analogue to digital format using the Neuralog software 2018 package. Five well logs: Log L1, L2, L4, and L5, and five digital seismic maps were available for this study generated from LongiviNeuralog and Neuramap respectively. One very important reservoir was mapped for the five well scenarios. Plots were produced randomly in Interactive petrophysics software; Porosity plots, shale volume, and petroleum play maps. Reservoirs were delineated randomly in all the well scenarios with different thicknesses. Lithological plots of these formations indicated that reservoirs consist of sand, limestone, and dolomite and a Ypression mega sequence of deposition containing 4 – 6 sand units (S1.0, S1A2, S1A3, S1A4, SB). The presence of hydrocarbon in a complex paralic sand environment was inferred from the highly faulted area (7 listric faults). Finding saw reservoir compartmentalization from the structural, petrophysical, and stratigraphic anisotropy observed; 0.37–0.45 well L2, 0.08–029 well L4, 0.1624–0.30 well L1, and 0.10–0.35 well L5 for porosity, 4.099–133.4 mD, 2068.9 – above 10000 mD, 1.4228–227.3726 mD, 12.5237–454.8518 mD, For L1, L2, L4, L5 respectively. So, drilling for wells at the center of the study area is discouraged for those at the western and eastern edge of the study area. This study extends the understanding of the reservoir characterization of the Neogene-Paleogene formation proving efficient digitization using Neuralog, Petrel 2017, and an efficient reservoir study using Interactive petrophysics, Techlog, and Petrel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure dependence of the interfacial polarization and negative activation volume for dielectric relaxation in heterogeneous systems","authors":"Anthony N. Papathanassiou","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Negative activation volumes for dielectric relaxation are rarely reported in solid state physics and are limited to atomic scale processes. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy on heterogeneous systems, such as polycrystalline calcite and magnesite, hosting water in their porous space, detected intense dielectric relaxation mechanisms related to interfacial polarization. The characteristic relaxation frequency increased upon hydrostatic compression, indicating that the activation volumes for relaxation are negative. However, a theoretical interpretation for the negative sign of the activation volume is lacking up to date. Within the frame of effective medium approximation for mesoscopic heterogeneous two phase solid – fluid systems, we investigate how the synergy of the pressure dependencies of polarization and electric charge transport, respectively, dictate the pressure dependence of interfacial relaxation, predicting the value of the effective activation volume. Our theoretical approach succeeds in predicting the negative sign and magnitudes of the activation volume in water saturated polycrystalline materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated aeromagnetic and airborne radiometric analysis for structural mapping and mineralisation potential in the Naraguta Area, North-Central Nigeria","authors":"Mubarak Umar Faruk,&nbsp;Solomon Nehemiah Yusuf,&nbsp;Raymond Ishaya Daspan","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research provides insights into the structural settings and geochemically altered zones within Naraguta and its environs. Various enhancement techniques were employed to identify the edges of structures controlling the magnetic field direction, the location, and the morphology of causative bodies. Source parameter imaging was used to analyse the depth of magnetic sources. Radiometric data processing was performed to identify alteration zones. Maps such as the K/Th and K/U, as well as the U/Th and U/K ratio maps, and a normalised ternary map were generated. From the magnetic analysis. Intrusions such as the Neil's Valley granite porphyry and Naraguta quartz pyroxene-fayalite-porphyry were delineated, along with rhyolites and pyroclastics. The study area’s structures predominantly trend northeast-southwest, with additional orientations reflecting Pan-African orogeny structures, which may be linked to hydrothermal deposits. In addition, these could be related to different geological processes, such as faulting, jointing, or regional stress patterns. They can lead to structural alignments even in non-orogenic environments like the Younger Granites. The K/Th ratio values of 0.20 % ppm⁻¹were identified above the expected background in an acidic environment, implying possible mineralisation such as tin and its associates as well as rare earths. Geochemical alteration zones were present in various parts of the area in alignment with magnetic lines, implying mineralisation potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of strontium isotope ratios in plant samples by wet ashing digestion","authors":"Wenyan Cheng ,&nbsp;Youlian Li ,&nbsp;Yili Jin ,&nbsp;Zihua Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strontium isotope provenance analysis has been widely applied across multiple disciplines, including archaeology, food science, and forensics. The establishment of bioavailable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr maps, known as isoscapes, which rely on a substantial number of plant ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values, serves as the cornerstone for such provenance studies. The conventional dry ashing method for plant samples is laborious, time-consuming, and constrained by limited equipment capacity, which impedes large-scale plant ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr analysis. The wet ashing method that employs hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and strong acids to decompose the organic matter in plants has attracted growing interest, with the expanding applications of strontium isotopes and the increasing demand for large datasets. Microwave-assisted wet ashing (microwave digestion) has shown considerable promise for plant strontium isotope analysis of large datasets. This study collected 22 plant samples from diverse geological regions across the Tibetan Plateau, employing both dry and traditional wet ashing methods for sample preparation prior to ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr analysis, with the aim of systematically assessing the applicability of wet ashing for plant strontium isotope studies. Results show comparable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values from both methods. Notably, compared to dry ashing, wet ashing offers a more straightforward and efficient alternative, making it particularly well-suited for large-scale measurements of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values. This finding not only validates the feasibility of wet ashing in strontium isotope analysis, but also establishes a theoretical foundation for the optimization and broader implementation of microwave digestion technology in plant strontium isotope analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating GIS-based AHP and groundwater quality assessment to delineate groundwater potential zones in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia","authors":"Pascalia Vinca Alvando ,&nbsp;Dede Rohmat ,&nbsp;Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat ,&nbsp;Dasapta Erwin Irawan ,&nbsp;Abdullah Husna ,&nbsp;Wendi Harjupa ,&nbsp;Fauzan Ikhlas Wira Rohmat ,&nbsp;Mutiara Indah Nur Rohman","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the spatial distribution and quality of groundwater in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The analysis combines Geographic Information System (GIS)-based modeling with hydrochemical analysis. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to generate a Groundwater Potential Zone (GWPZ) map based on seven weighted parameters: geology, geomorphology, soil texture, slope, land use/land cover (LULC), lineament density, and drainage density. Sensitivity analysis revealed that slope and lithology significantly influence groundwater potential, as evident in the weighting scheme. Areas with mild topography (0°–12°) and lowland alluvial zones were found to be favorable for infiltration. The resulting GWPZ map classified the watershed into five categories, with high to very high potential zones concentrated in the northern and central parts and low potential zones found predominantly in the southeast. The high potential zone covers approximately 21 % of the study area, while the very high zone accounts for around 10 %. Groundwater quality was assessed through field measurements and laboratory analyses of physicochemical parameters, including TDS, EC, DO, pH, temperature, and major ions. Results indicate that several lowland and coastal areas exhibit elevated levels of TDS, sodium, and sulfate, which exceed national drinking water standards, potentially due to seawater intrusion and anthropogenic influence. Major ion composition further supports this finding, with dominant ion sequences of Na⁺ &gt; Ca²⁺ &gt; K⁺ and Cl⁻ &gt; SO₄²⁻ &gt; NO₃⁻. Despite this, most groundwater sources remain within sanitation quality limits. This study provides a replicable tool for groundwater development in data-limited, urbanizing regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitioning from equilibrium of glacier mass balance in the Upper Bhagirathi Valley, Central Himalaya","authors":"Sarmistha Halder ,&nbsp;Pritam Chand ,&nbsp;C. Scott Watson ,&nbsp;Ishtiaq Ahmed ,&nbsp;Rakesh Bhambri","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyses key glaciers in the Upper Bhagirathi Valley, Central Himalaya, India, between 1973 and 2024 based on multi-date digital elevation models (DEMs) to examine the shift from balanced to imbalanced glacier mass budget. From 1973 to 2000, ice loss was evident mainly at the terminus (-0.10 ± 0.04 m w.e. a⁻¹), with a data gap (∼16 km²) in the higher ablation and accumulation zone of Gangotri Glacier, where elevation changes through the main glacier flow path indicated a mass stability or a minor positive mass balance. A marginal increase in mass (+0.11 ± 0.04 m w.e. a⁻¹) was observed from 2000 to 2015, followed by substantial losses during 2015–2020 (-0.27 ± 0.09 m w.e. a⁻¹) and 2020–2024 (-0.62 ± 0.39 m w.e. a⁻¹). Notably, thinning and ice loss expanded from the low-altitude to high-altitude zones (∼&gt;5200 m asl). Gangotri Glacier's mass loss intensified over time, increasing from −0.17 ± 0.01 m w.e. a⁻¹ (1973–2000) to −1.03 ± 0.58 m w.e. a⁻¹ (2020–2024). Similar trends were observed in former tributary glaciers like Raktavaran and Chaturangi. The contact zone between debris-mantled and bare ice exhibited the highest thinning rates, highlighting the influence of surface debris on melting rates. This study reveals surge activity for the first time in the Chaturangi Glacier's tributary (1973–2006), highlighting localized dynamics. The recent shift to an imbalanced state underscores climate change’s impact on ice melt, threatening water supply and ecosystems, and highlighting the need for regular monitoring and adaptive strategies in the warming Himalaya.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}