Results in Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Tectonic and geomorphic drivers control the evolution of landforms in the Eastern Sub-Himalayan and Piedmont zone","authors":"Sudipa Sarkar,&nbsp;Biswajit Bera","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mountain to the foothill plain of the Himalayas has diversified topographic signatures. The present study identified the imprints of tectonic and fluvial stressors in the Sub-Himalaya, Piedmont, and foothill regions of the eastern Himalayas. Satellite images, SRTM, and ALOS PALSAR DEM data were used to demarcate different geomorphic features. The geomorphic indices like the Mountain Front Sinuosity (<em>S</em>_<em>mf</em>) Index, Gradient Length Anomalies (<em>GLA</em>), and Valley width to height (<em>VF</em>) ratio were used for the analysis of active tectonics. The geomorphological attributes of three gully fan segments were identified for the analysis of fluvial stressors. The result shows that the <em>S</em>_<em>mf</em> value varied between 1.38 and 2.40, and the highest value indicates the inactive mountain front (MFS-8) near Samtse of Bhutan. The negative anomaly is 0.064–0.00035 while the positive GLA ranges between 0.032 and 0.064. There are two positive anomalies recorded within the Jaldhaka and Ghatia rivers. The <em>VF</em> value of 1.63 of the Kuchi-Diana River is the highest, indicating the incision of the valley floor. The geomorphological attributes of the gully fan were identified as the retreat of the gully fan, which refers to the impact of high slope gradient and fluvial action in the scarp of the fan surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zonation of coastal geo-electrostratigraphic units via stratigraphic modified Lorenz plots and rock typing","authors":"Ndifreke I. Udosen","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The characterization of aquifers presents hydrogeophysical challenges due to complexities inherent in their lithology and groundwater flow regimes. This work advances subsurface characterization by integrating geoelectrostratigraphic information with a hydraulic flow unit (HFU) and flow zone indicator framework. Comprehensive geoelectrical surveys were conducted within a heterogeneous coastal milieu, the goal being to delineate the spatial architecture of the aquifer system. The surveys yielded resistivity distributions indicating stratified geological formations comprising fine-to-coarse grained sands intercalated with low-permeability clay horizons. The introduction of the stratigraphic modified Lorenz plots (SMLP) refined the permeability-porosity relationship by revealing spatial variations in flow efficiency, thereby differentiating between conductive and superconductive hydraulic zones. Hydraulic conductivity ranged from 5.29 × 10^–6 to 8.79 × 10^–5 m/s, permeability ranged from 751.24 to 12467.23 mD, hydraulic capillary radius ranged from 1.21 × 10^–6 to 3.25 × 10^–6 m, and Aquifer Quality Index ranged from 1.65 to 4.83. Via the application of petrophysical correlations, four distinct hydraulic flow units (HFU1–HFU4) were identified based on values of permeability, effective porosity, and Flow Zone Indicator (FZI). The steeper slope of HFU3 suggested enhanced groundwater transmissivity, whereas the moderate slopes of HFU1, HFU2, and HFU4 indicated restricted hydraulic connectivity. A major novelty of this study lies in integrating petrophysical, electro-hydraulic, and geospatial data to generate high-resolution 2D parametric maps. This approach has enabled the visualization of spatial permeability distributions and groundwater storage variations, offering a diagnostic tool for aquifer productivity assessment. The results obtained have implications for optimizing groundwater extraction strategies and improving regional water resource management policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ reaction and alteration of mudstone-cement interfaces at the Horonobe URL: Comparison between ordinary Portland cement and low alkaline cement","authors":"Shuntaro Dei ,&nbsp;Masahito Shibata ,&nbsp;Kumi Negishi ,&nbsp;Yuki Sugiura ,&nbsp;Yuki Amano ,&nbsp;Keith Bateman ,&nbsp;James Wilson ,&nbsp;Tatsunori Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Saya Kagami ,&nbsp;Masaki Takeda ,&nbsp;Akitaka Sakurai ,&nbsp;Yukio Tachi","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interactions between cement and host rock in geological repositories for radioactive waste will result in the formation of a chemically disturbed zone which may affect repository safety. The chemical evolution at the interface between cement (Ordinary Portland Cement: OPC and Low Alkaline Cement: LAC) and mudstone after 11 years of <em>in situ</em> reactions at the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory is described. Various analytical techniques were used to identify the key reactions at the cement-rock interface, which included cement dissolution, precipitation of secondary minerals such as calcite and C-(A-)S-H phases, cation exchange in clay minerals, and reduction of rock porosity. The results show that the mudstone contacted by both OPC and LAC was altered to depths of a few millimetres, whereas cement alteration was observed over a wider area in LAC.</div><div>Calcite formation occurred at both interfaces due to the ingress of carbonate ions in the groundwater. A relatively denser calcite layer formed at the OPC interface, suggesting a more favourable environment for calcite precipitation, as suggested by thermodynamic calculations. Furthermore, C-(A-)S-H phases were prevalent in the mudstone, suggesting complex interactions depending on porewater composition, pH, and mineral stability. The study also highlights the effects of cement-mudstone interactions on radionuclide migration, such as reduction of diffusivity due to reduced porosity and enhancement of sorption or incorporation into secondary minerals in the altered mudstone. Overall, the research provides valuable insights into long-term cement-mudstone interactions and their effects on radionuclide behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure dependence of the interfacial polarization and negative activation volume for dielectric relaxation in heterogeneous systems","authors":"Anthony N. Papathanassiou","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Negative activation volumes for dielectric relaxation are rarely reported in solid state physics and are limited to atomic scale processes. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy on heterogeneous systems, such as polycrystalline calcite and magnesite, hosting water in their porous space, detected intense dielectric relaxation mechanisms related to interfacial polarization. The characteristic relaxation frequency increased upon hydrostatic compression, indicating that the activation volumes for relaxation are negative. However, a theoretical interpretation for the negative sign of the activation volume is lacking up to date. Within the frame of effective medium approximation for mesoscopic heterogeneous two phase solid – fluid systems, we investigate how the synergy of the pressure dependencies of polarization and electric charge transport, respectively, dictate the pressure dependence of interfacial relaxation, predicting the value of the effective activation volume. Our theoretical approach succeeds in predicting the negative sign and magnitudes of the activation volume in water saturated polycrystalline materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratigraphic architectural development and growth history of a Paleocene isolated carbonate platform, north-central Sirte Basin, Libya: Interplay of tectonics and eustasy","authors":"Muneer Abdalla ,&nbsp;Abdalla Abdelnabi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Issa ,&nbsp;Meeloud Abdullah ,&nbsp;Husamaldeen Zubi ,&nbsp;Yousf Abushalah","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isolated carbonate platforms are present throughout the geologic record and often serve as important hydrocarbon reservoirs. Example of these isolated platforms include the Great Bahamas Bank, Great Bank of Guizhou, Yucatán, and Queensland Plateau. In this study, 3D seismic and wireline logs are utilized to unravel the internal stratigraphic architecture, evolutionary history, and major controls on the development and eventual demise of a Paleocene-age isolated platform within the RG Field in north-central Sirte Basin, north-central Libya. Five distinct seismic facies reveal diverse lithologies and depositional settings. Four key depositional settings are identified from the seismic facies and attributes: the platform interior (lagoon) with pinnacles, reef margin, slope, and intraplatform seaway. The studied platform that has a lateral extent of at least 350 km² comprises four stratigraphic sequences separated by unconformable sequence boundaries deciphered from seismic and well log data. The growth of the platform began at the start of the Paleocene with patch reefs developing on pre-existing Cretaceous horst and ceased at the end of the Paleocene due to subaerial exposure. The evolution of the platform occurred as vertical aggradation within the platform interior, margins, the intraplatform seaway, and as progradation on the slopes. Tectonic subsidence resulting from the basin rifting at the late stages of the Cretaceous along with repeated rising sea-level changes, provided the space for carbonate platform growth. The Cretaceous horst structure created a shallow-water positive feature that encouraged sediment accumulation. Short-term sea-level changes further influenced internal stratigraphic complexity and sequence development, detectable as cycles of third-order magnitude in the seismic data. Findings from this research offer valuable insights into isolated platform formations in extensional rift settings, aiding the prediction of depositional settings and sedimentary facies that could possibly host hydrocarbon reservoirs. The created model can also be a useful reference for other carbonate platforms worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global review on shale: Focus on hydrocarbon geoscience & carbon sequestration","authors":"Ankita Paul ,&nbsp;Soumyajit Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Mery Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shale gas is a potential unconventional resource meeting the challenges of the energy crisis. Among the 195 countries of the world, 52 countries contain 108 established shale basins and 156 shale formations for commercial shale oil and gas exploration. For commercial development, the following factors are important- <em>(i)</em> thickness of the shale formation and their depths, (ii) (low) permeability of the cap-rock / seal, and <em>(iii)</em> geochemical and hydraulic properties of potential organic-rich source rocks. The carbon sequestration potential is unique to each hydrocarbon potential shale formation and basin. Shale formation designated as tight rocks act as storage/reservoirs for carbon sequestration as it captures CO₂ permanently and does not permit it to move upward across the seal. This reduces atmospheric emission level and has potential to check global warming. However, CO₂ capture in shale has not been in global focus for researchers. The study of the prospective shale oil and gas formations worldwide reveals that hydrocarbons are found within 3280–16,500 ft (999.74–5029.2 m) depth. Their average total organic carbon (TOC) and thermal maturity range from 1 % to 10 % and 0.6–3.8 %, respectively, for original type I and II kerogens. The geologic CO₂ sequestration process in potential and active shale basins are discussed with respect of several tectonic events, and past climatic changes such as glacial and interglacial periods and sea-level variation. The Russian Bazhenov Formation is the world’s most prosperous hydrocarbon reservoir while the black organic-rich shale in the Vaca Muerta Formation (Neuquen basin, Argentina) ranks second.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated detection of craters on the lunar surface using deep learning: A review with insights from Chandrayaan-2 TMC-2 data","authors":"Mimansa Sinha,&nbsp;Sanchita Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Moon’s surface, marked by craters, serves as a crucial record of the Solar System's impact history, offering key insights into planetary formation and evolution. As missions like Chandrayaan-2 generate vast amounts of high-resolution lunar data, manual annotation of features such as craters, rilles, and lava tubes become increasingly impractical. Automated lunar crater detection has thus become essential to process and analyze these growing datasets efficiently. This review explores recent advancements in deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) techniques applied to lunar crater detection, with a focus on the Chandrayaan-2 Terrain Mapping Camera-2 (TMC-2) data. Following PRISMA guidelines, the paper outlines state-of-the-art methodologies, datasets, and challenges in this field while offering insights into sensor capabilities and future research directions. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape and highlight potential avenues to advance the automation of crater detection on the lunar surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphate resource evaluation in the eastern Dahomey Basin: A 3D litho-constrained gravity inversion approach","authors":"Ifedayo Fadakinte","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an assessment of the phosphate resource in the eastern Dahomey basin using 3D litho-constrained gravity inversion. The inversion results identified notable density anomalies within the Oshosun formation, primarily in the vicinity of Ifo and Faleke towns. To validate the association of these anomalies with phosphate-bearing rocks, three exploration pits were dug in the Ifo area, reaching depths of 9–10 m. Subsequent investigations confirmed that the density anomalies corresponded to two phosphatic shale beds, ranging in thickness from 0.6 to 1 meter, exhibiting an average phosphorus concentration of 32 percent. Estimation of the phosphate resource within the Ifo area employed a comprehensive approach integrating geochemical data derived from phosphatic shale analysis, net to gross ratios obtained from the exploratory pits, and mass and volume calculations from the 3D density model of the phosphatic shales. The resulting estimate for the phosphate resource in the Ifo area amounted to approximately 4.3 million tonnes. Disappointingly, the estimated phosphate resources in Ifo town amounted to a mere 119 tonnes per acre, falling significantly below the requirement for large-scale mining to be considered economically viable. Nonetheless, these study findings hold potential value for local artisanal miners, who may engage in small-scale phosphate mining in Ifo town to produce localized fertilizers. Further investigations and exploration are encouraged to enhance understanding of the phosphate resources in the region and explore potential applications for sustainable local development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring glacier surface velocity in Zanskar Valley, India: Insights from DInSAR-based 2D velocity estimation","authors":"Shubham Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Rahul Dev Garg ,&nbsp;Arvind Chandra Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glacier surface velocity plays a crucial role in understanding glacier dynamics, climate change impacts, and water resource management. In this study, Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) and geoinformatics techniques were employed to estimate the two-dimensional (2D) surface velocity of glaciers in Zanskar Valley, Ladakh, India. The analysis is based on C-band Sentinel-1 radar data acquired in both ascending and descending orbits to decompose the motion into horizontal and vertical components. The selected glaciers—Pensilungpa, Drang Drung, Khulka, and Kungi—exhibit varying velocity patterns, influenced by topography, ice thickness, and crevasse distribution. The results indicate that the Drang Drung Glacier, the largest in the study area, has the highest surface velocity, reaching approximately - 0.24 ± 0.02 in the upper accumulation zone. Pensilungpa Glacier exhibits distinct velocity variations, with rates of 0.07 ± 0.005 m/day near the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) and lower velocities near the terminus. The vertical and horizontal velocity components provide insights into the dominant glacier flow mechanisms, including ice deformation, sliding, and mass influx from tributaries. The study highlights the effectiveness of DInSAR for estimating glacier motion in complex mountainous terrain. The findings contribute to improved glacier monitoring and future ice thickness assessments, particularly for slow-moving glaciers. The methodology can be extended to other Himalayan glaciers and further refined using multi-frequency SAR data for enhanced accuracy. This research underscores the potential of satellite-based techniques for assessing glacier dynamics and their response to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based hydrograph modeling with LSTM: A case study in the Jatigede Reservoir Catchment, Indonesia","authors":"Neil Andika ,&nbsp;Piter Wongso ,&nbsp;Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat ,&nbsp;Siska Wulandari ,&nbsp;Ammar Fadhil ,&nbsp;Riswanto Rosi ,&nbsp;Nabila Siti Burnama","doi":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rines.2025.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting and comprehending river discharge is essential to Earth system science in order to manage water resources and preserve ecological sustainability. In data-scarce tropical regions, traditional hydrological models often face challenges due to limited observations and high variability in rainfall-runoff responses. This study explores the application of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for hydrograph modeling in the Jatigede Reservoir Catchment, Indonesia, where satellite data is becoming more and more accessible, but gauging infrastructure is scarce. Utilizing 12 years of historical data, an LSTM model was developed to capture the complex non-linear dynamics between rainfall and runoff. The model successfully reproduced overall hydrograph patterns, obtaining a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.60 and a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 12.16, while limitations were observed in simulating extreme hydrological events, primarily due to a lack of historical extreme event data. Sensitivity analysis revealed a significant decline in model performance when applied to a partial dataset, highlighting the importance of data representativeness in model calibration. While the LSTM model shows potential for surrogate hydrograph modeling in data-scarce regions, its ability to predict extreme events remains constrained. Future research should focus on incorporating additional extreme event data and enhancing model generalizability across diverse hydrological conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101084,"journal":{"name":"Results in Earth Sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}