Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria最新文献

{"title":"Aspetti neurofisiologici e neuropsichiatrici della stimolazione magnetica transcranica","authors":"Michela Walpoth ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Giupponi ,&nbsp;Roger Pycha ,&nbsp;Christine Hörtnagl ,&nbsp;Armand Hausmann ,&nbsp;Alfredo C. Altamura ,&nbsp;Bernardo Dell’Osso ,&nbsp;Maurizio Pompili ,&nbsp;Andreas Conca","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2009.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2009.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The authors review the literature in the field of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>For this purpose a PubMed search was performed. Additional information was gained by cross-referencing from papers found in the data base.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Data from controlled studies as well as supplementary information from relevant review articles pertinent to the topic were used. History and the basics of TMS and repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) are presented. The ability of rTMS to non-invasively modulate higher cognitive functions such as learning and memory developed to a new exciting field. TMS, in fact, allows to transiently disrupt ongoing cortical processing, thus helping to enlighten the causal role of a specific brain area in a certain observable behaviour. Finally, rTMS clinical effectiveness in mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenic psychoses and Parkinson's disease, as well as in pain syndrome, is discussed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>RTMS in concert with functional neuroimaging methods allows to analyse neuronal networks. Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) and Long-Term Depression (LTD) are phenomena seen in preclinical studies after rTMS, thus reflecting plastic modulation of the brain. In fact, changes in brain plasticity are supposed to be putative mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases like major depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"29 4","pages":"Pages 122-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2009.04.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89586328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La terapia elettroconvulsivante nel trattamento della depressione maggiore resistente","authors":"Guido Di Sciascio ,&nbsp;Salvatore Calò","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treating depressive symptoms has been established by different studies. This paper reviews the current knowledge of ECT in the treatment of major depressive disorder and its implications in clinical practice.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>In this review we analyzed studies on the efficacy and safety of ECT, quality of life, and factors predictive of response. A search of the literature was conducted in PubMed using the terms “electroconvulsive therapy”, “major depressive disorder”, “efficacy”, “tolerability”, “cognitive impairment”, “meta-analysis”, “quality of life”, “predictive response factors”, “maintenance treatment”.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In a high percentage of patients ECT is associated with remission of symptoms and improvement of the quality of life. Factors predicting especially good ECT responses in depressed patients include psychomotor retardation, psychosis, and advanced age. Cognitive side-effects are the main limitation of ECT although efficacy and tolerability vary according to the used ECT technique.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>ECT is one of the most powerful treatments available. Thanks to the improvements in technique, ECT has become even safer and more useful for treatment of acute phase of depression and for the prevention of new depressive episodes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"29 4","pages":"Pages 140-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2010.10.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74201974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizzo dell’elettroencefalografia nelle psicosi oggi","authors":"Massimiliano Beghi ,&nbsp;Cesare M. Cornaggia ,&nbsp;Jacopo Santambrogio ,&nbsp;Cecilia Perin ,&nbsp;Cesare Cerri ,&nbsp;Massimo Clerici","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The use of electroencephalography (EEG) in Psychiatry has decreased substantially in recent decades. To identify settings in which this type of testing is still considered useful, we conducted a critical analysis of the current literature on the use of standard EEG in the diagnosis and treatment of psychoses.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>The PubMed and Medline databases were searched for articles published since 2000, using the following keywords</p><p>“EEG”, “schizophrenia”, “psychosis”, “clozapine”, “olanzapine”, “risperidone”, “quetiapine”, “antipsychotics”, “street drugs”, and “aggression”.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The review shows that EEG can be useful (and sometimes essential) in the differential diagnosis of an initial psychotic episode and ruling out organic conditions with psychotic symptoms (e.g., psychoses induced by street drugs, alcohol, encephalitis and other brain infections, meningiomas and other brain tumors, ictal or postictal psychoses in epilepsy, forced normalization, and delirium). To different extents, typical and atypical antipsychotics both seem to lower the seizure threshold, and this can lead to abnormalities on standard EEG. These effects are particularly common in patients treated with clozapine. In terms of prognosis, the presence of EEG anomalies before treatment seems to be predictive of poorer responses.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Standard EEG is not widely used in patients with psychoses, but in certain cases it can be in the diagnosis of these disorders and in assessments of prognosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"29 4","pages":"Pages 165-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2010.10.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74916033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0393-0645(10)00061-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0393-0645(10)00061-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"29 4","pages":"Page CO1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0393-0645(10)00061-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136849964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La neurostimolazione vagale in Neurologia e Psichiatria","authors":"Gennaro Bussone ,&nbsp;Cesare Peccarisi ,&nbsp;Alberto Proietti Cecchini ,&nbsp;Angelo Franzini","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Recent progress in biotechnology and neuroimaging has enlarged the possibilities for applying neurostimulation procedures to treat common neuropsychiatric conditions and chronic pain disorders. These conditions are refractory to pharmacological and other conventional treatments, to variable degrees, and are associated with a heavy social and economic burden. Refinements in neuroanatomical targeting have enlarged the clinical indications for these neurostimulation treatments, and increased the need to identify robust patient selection criteria. Neurostimulation is a relatively low invasivity procedure, and may be safer than conventional treatments, mainly because it is fully reversible, but also because it is highly flexible, offering a wide range of modulation (amplitude, duration, frequency) and stimulation (unipolar/bipolar, continuous/cycling, unilateral/bilateral) modes. There are various types of neurostimulation technique which promise great therapeutic potential now extending from Neurology to Psychiatry that is still only partly explored. The present paper reviews the clinical applications of these techniques, presenting main results and discussing limitations, with particular regard to newest applications of vagal nerve stimulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"29 4","pages":"Pages 146-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2010.10.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85722752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poesia e follia. In ricordo di Alda Merini","authors":"Alberto Giannelli","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"29 4","pages":"Pages 117-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2010.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83080261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Luigi Ferrannini,&nbsp;Paolo F. Peloso","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"29 4","pages":"Page 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2010.01.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73007951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La fototerapia in Psichiatria: applicazioni, limiti e prospettive future","authors":"Pasquale Scognamiglio,&nbsp;Palmiero Monteleone","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Light therapy is a therapeutic technique based on the use of light. Its use in Psychiatry has grown over the past 30 years since the discovery of its efficacy in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Its mechanism of action is related to the chronobiology of circadian rhythms and to the role of melatonin in the modulation of endogenous rhythms. This article provides a critical review of the literature dealing with the use of this treatment in seasonal depression and other mood disorders (nonseasonal depression and bipolar disorder), in eating disorders, and other psychiatric syndromes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This review shows that light therapy may be considered the treatment of choice for seasonal affective disorder, but its use in other psychiatric syndromes needs further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"29 4","pages":"Pages 134-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2010.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86869251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sindrome metabolica, disturbi dello spettro schizofrenico e trattamenti. Risultati di uno studio naturalistico","authors":"Maria Francesca Pantusa,&nbsp;Serena Paparo,&nbsp;Aurora Salerno","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) among outpatients with schizophrenic-spectrum disorders who were receiving antipsychotic drugs.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>A retrospective study was conducted in a community-based public health clinic for psychiatric outpatients in southern Italy. NCEP ATP-III criteria for diagnosis of MS were evaluated by means of questionnaires, physical examination, and laboratory analyses in 134 outpatients (males/females: 72/62; mean age 45.4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->13.8 years; range 18-74 years). All had DSM-IV-TR based diagnoses of schizophrenia or a schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorder and had been on first- and/or second-generation antipsychotic (FGA and SGA) drug therapy for at least 12 weeks (mean 45.1 months).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>52/134 (38.8%) patients (61.5% of the women vs 38.5% of the men) met the criteria for MS. The most commonly observed manifestations were abdominal obesity (prevalence 92.3%, more common in women); hypertriglyceridemia (76.9%); and systolic hypertension (73.1%, more common in men). Only 22.4% of the patients were receiving antihypertensive treatment, 10.4% were on hypoglycemic therapy, and 2.9% were on lipid-lowering drugs. MS prevalence was not significantly related to treatment, but the group on FGA had significantly higher rates of hyperglycemia and low HDL cholesterol; the latter was also more common in patients on combined FGA-SGA therapy, as were systolic and diastolic hypertension and obesity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings confirm a high prevalence of MS among subjects with schizophrenia. No significant relation between MS and treatment class emerged, but obesity and hypertension were more common in patients on combined FGA-SGA therapy. The low percentages of patients receiving therapy for hypertension, hyperglycemia, and/or dyslipidemia suggest that greater emphasis needs to be placed on the physical health of these patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"29 3","pages":"Pages 110-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2010.07.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76587579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a scientific framework for the Personal Meaning Organization (PMO) paradigm: neuroimaging and genetic studies","authors":"Bernardo Nardi ,&nbsp;Giorgio Rezzonico ,&nbsp;Cesario Bellantuono","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Reciprocity with primary care-givers drives subjects’ adaptive abilities towards the construction of the most useful Personal Meaning Organization (PMO) with respect to their developmental environment.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We analyzed the post-rationalist approach over the last ten years focusing on the construction of a specific framework for distinguishing immediate experience from explanations of the experience, the moviola technique, and the analysis of awareness and resistance. Functional neuroimaging (fNI) was used to conduct a scientific in vivo study of PMO.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Predictable, invariable care-giver behaviors allow an inward focus and a physical view of reciprocity: when reciprocity is high, a controller-type inward PMO develops; when it is low, the inward PMO develops in a detached manner. The Controller PMO is focused on the need for protection/exploration; the Detached PMO is focused on need for expression during isolation. Variable, non-predictable care-giver behavior allows an outward focus and a semantic view of reciprocity: when reciprocity is high, a contextualized outward PMO develops; when it is low, a principle-oriented outward PMO develops. The former interprets changes in the relational environment one by one; the latter focuses on the management of antithetical aspects of reality.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Focusing on the PMO promotes the emergence of adaptive individual resources, thereby improving skills needed for the control of perturbing emotions and more flexible behavior strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"29 3","pages":"Pages 81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2010.07.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74443635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}