Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria最新文献

{"title":"Discinesia tardiva: epidemiologia clinica, fattori di rischio e gestione terapeutica","authors":"Eugenio Aguglia,&nbsp;Francesca Magnano S. Lio,&nbsp;Giancarlo Crisafulli","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2011.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2011.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a heterogeneous, iatrogenic nosographic entity characterized by a vast repertoire of movements and involuntary movement disorders. It is caused by exposure to pharmacological agents that block dopamine receptors. TD is profoundly disabling and sometimes fatal, even when the drug considered responsible for the symptoms is discontinued. Although second-generation antipsychotic agents are significantly less likely to provoke TD than their first-generation counterparts, recent findings indicate that the incidence of dyskinetic symptoms is also significant in patients receiving atypical antipsychotic drugs. Given the importance of drug therapy in the management of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders and the impact of dyskinesia on the quality of life of patients, it is fundamental to define evidence-based interventions that are acceptable to both patients and physicians and that will reduce the incidence of the phenomenon and at the same time encourage adherence to the treatment regimen.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We carried out a systematic review of studies on the diagnosis, prevention, and/or treatment of TD published between 1982 and 2011.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Primary and secondary prevention strategies are fundamental in the management of TD. There is also a large body of scientific literature on the pharmacological management of dyskinetic complications, although it is by no means conclusive. Effectively addressing the issue of quality of life in patients with TD will require more in-depth investigation of the etiological factors and evolution of the currently available treatment options.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"30 2","pages":"Pages 65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2011.06.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89487739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Un modello operativo per il trattamento degli esordi di schizofrenia","authors":"Antonio Francomano ,&nbsp;Salvatore Varia ,&nbsp;David Mangiapane ,&nbsp;Pietro M. Virgilio ,&nbsp;Anna Guarcello ,&nbsp;Daniele la Barbera","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2011.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2011.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Recent studies have documented an increased frequency of psychotic disorders among young persons, which carry a worse prognosis than adult-onset forms. This work highlights the potential benefits of early, integrated intervention on the global outcomes in these cases.</p></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><p>In Palermo, we emphasize the integration of interventions by staff members of the University Medical Center's Department of Psychiatry, the Department of Mental Health, the Department of Neuropsychiatry for Children and Adolescents (NPIA) of the ASP (local health authority), and the University Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, as well as the creation of a database for patients whose care is transferred from the NPIA to the CSM (service of mental health for outpatients).</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We report our observations on the efficacy of the integrated approach in one of our patients. These observations, which cover an 8-month period, illustrate the positive effects of this strategy. We assessed the effectiveness of integrated intervention on a group of patients transferred from the NPIA to the adult psychiatric services. Results were compared with those obtained in another group of patients who did not receive integrated treatment during the same transfer. We identified the following descriptive criteria: 1) assessment tests; 2) anamnestic-observational criteria; 3) rehabilitation criteria.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Early intervention is important in attempts to reduce the number, duration, and severity of relapses, and it is associated with better functional outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"30 2","pages":"Pages 89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2011.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90657805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Un appello agli operatori dei media","authors":"Claudio Mencacci","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2011.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2011.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"30 2","pages":"Page 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2011.06.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"111312779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sommario/Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0393-0645(11)00031-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0393-0645(11)00031-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"30 2","pages":"Page ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0393-0645(11)00031-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136553444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caratteristiche sociodemografiche e cliniche del disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo in comorbilità con il disturbo bipolare","authors":"Sylvia Rigardetto,&nbsp;Umberto Albert,&nbsp;David de Cori,&nbsp;Giuseppe Maina","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2011.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2011.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The onset of bipolar symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) is a common problem with important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Rates of comorbidity between the two disorders run as high as 30%. The aim of the present study was to explore socio-demographic and clinical differences between OCD patients with and without bipolar disorders to identify predictive factors that can guide treatment choices.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>The sample included 290 adult patients with primary OCD (Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scores of ≥ 16) diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria: 259 with pure OCD and 31 with OCD and bipolar disorders. All provided informed consent. Validated, semi-structured interviews were used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared with the pure OCD group, the OCD-bipolar group was characterized by a higher prevalence of males (83.8% vs 50.6%), significant family history of mood disorders (51.6% vs. 23.9%), and higher frequencies of sexual (41.9% vs. 18.5%) and hoarding (29.0% vs. 13.1%) obsessions and repetition (64.5% vs. 45.2%) and hoarding (25.8% vs. 12.0%) compulsions. In addition, OCD with bipolar disorder was significantly associated with substance use disorders (19.4% vs. 5.0%) and, with reference to Axis II comorbidity, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (22.5% vs. 10.4%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings reveal specific differences between subjects with OCD with and without comorbid bipolar disorder. They suggest that there may be identifiable subgroups of patients with OCD whose disease has specific features and different etiopathogenetic bases for which targeted therapeutic approaches are needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"30 2","pages":"Pages 75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2011.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78489643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic factors in inward vs outward personality Organizations: focus on HTR2A polymorphisms","authors":"Bernardo Nardi ,&nbsp;Francesco Piva ,&nbsp;Chiara Turchi ,&nbsp;Matteo Cedraro ,&nbsp;Emidio Arimatea ,&nbsp;Matteo Giulietti ,&nbsp;Giovanni Principato ,&nbsp;Adriano Tagliabracci ,&nbsp;Cesario Bellantuono","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2011.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2011.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Reciprocity with primary caregivers drives subjects’ adaptive abilities towards the construction of a Personal Meaning Organization (PMO) that is useful with respect to their developmental environment. Those with inward personalities read environmental signals through their internal activations; those with outward personalities read internal activations through the environment. It has recently been shown that PMO development may also have physiological and genetic bases. Because the serotonin receptor 2A<span> gene (HTR2A) is one of the serotoninergic genes associated with personality and behaviour, it is expected to exert an influence on PMO development. The aim of this work was to explore possible correlations between HTR2A gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the inward/outward PMO.</span></p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We enrolled 149 healthy, unrelated members of our hospital staff (65 males, 84 females; mean ages 42<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->10.3 and 37.6<!--> <!-->±<!--> <span>8.7, respectively). Each was classified as having an inward or outward PMO by two trained psychotherapists using a Post-Rationalist Clinical Interview and two self-rating questionnaires for PMO. A mini-sequencing assay was used to assess 20 SNPs at the HTR2A locus in genomic DNA samples from each participant.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Three intronic HTR2A SNPs (rs2770304, rs55948462, and rs61948318) were found to be associated with the development of an inward rather than an outward PMO.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These preliminary results indicate that gene polymorphisms can influence the outcome of PMO development. The gene associations identified in this study support the view that attachment behaviour is also genetically based. This evidence is clinically relevant for a better understanding of the efficacy of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic strategies, and it suggests that further investigation is warranted to discover new associations between PMO development and serotonin gene variants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"30 2","pages":"Pages 83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2011.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78918096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Board","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0393-0645(11)00030-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0393-0645(11)00030-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"30 2","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0393-0645(11)00030-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136553443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0393-0645(11)00029-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0393-0645(11)00029-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"30 2","pages":"Page CO1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0393-0645(11)00029-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136553442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventi psicosociali nel disturbo bipolare: una revisione critica della letteratura recente","authors":"Umberto Albert,&nbsp;Laura Silvia Candiloro,&nbsp;David De Cori,&nbsp;Giuseppe Maina,&nbsp;Filippo Bogetto","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2011.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2011.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic illness that significantly impairs functioning and the quality of life of patients and their relatives. Pharmacological treatment with mood stabilizers, first-line treatment, is not always sufficient to completely relieve symptoms and restore functioning. In recent years, psychosocial interventions have been proposed as possible adjuncts to pharmacological treatments.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We reviewed all trial data published between 1984 and 2000 regarding combined treatment of BD with psychosocial interventions and drug therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Psychosocial interventions specifically designed for BD are effective in preventing recurrences during follow-up. Each approach has a specific effect on the type of recurrences: individual psychoeducation is effective in preventing the recurrence of manic but not depressive episodes. Family-focused treatments and cognitive-behavioral therapy are more effective in reducing acute depressive symptoms, and group psychoeducation is effective for preventing both types of symptoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"30 1","pages":"Pages 3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2011.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80780949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La malattia di Alzheimer e la sindrome di Down: un infelice connubio","authors":"Gabriele Cipriani ,&nbsp;Lucia Picchi ,&nbsp;Cristina Dolciotti ,&nbsp;Ubaldo Bonuccelli","doi":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quip.2010.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>People with Down's syndrome (DS) have an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) during middle age. Both disorders can present with a decline in cognitive skills and behavioral symptoms. Therefore, dementia, particularly in its early stages, can be difficult to diagnose in this population.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We conducted a search of electronic databases for literature on the relationship between AD and DS. The key words used were: “Down syndrome”, “Alzheimer's disease”, “dementia”, and “mental retardation”.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>AD onset has been reported as early as age 30 in individuals with DS, and there is a dramatic increase in prevalence rates in older age groups. This trend reflects increased survival of persons with DS probably as a result of advances in medical treatment and improved living conditions. Even with careful clinical assessment, it can be very difficult to identify early symptoms of dementia when it is superimposed on a background of intellectual disability. The reasons include the wide intra-individual variability in cognitive functioning and difficulties involved in establishing baseline levels of the premorbid condition. Many frontal lobe-related symptoms usually associated with later stages of dementia in the general population are commonly seen in the early stage of the dementia that develops in adults with DS.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>After onset, the clinical symptoms of dementia progress rapidly in all subjects with DS. Research suggests that the presentation of dementia in people with DS may differ from that typical of AD in the general population. Early changes tend to involve personality and behaviour rather than memory. DS can be best understood as a complex syndrome of genetic origin that has protean neurobiological consequences and numerous clinical characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101052,"journal":{"name":"Quaderni Italiani di Psichiatria","volume":"30 1","pages":"Pages 26-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.quip.2010.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78545582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}