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The radiation-induced graft copolymerisation of styrene/maleic anhydride and maleic anhydride/vinyl acetate onto cellulose 辐射诱导苯乙烯/马来酸酐和马来酸酐/醋酸乙烯在纤维素上的接枝共聚
Polymer Photochemistry Pub Date : 1986-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(86)90028-X
C.G. Beddows, M.H. Gil, J.T. Guthrie
{"title":"The radiation-induced graft copolymerisation of styrene/maleic anhydride and maleic anhydride/vinyl acetate onto cellulose","authors":"C.G. Beddows,&nbsp;M.H. Gil,&nbsp;J.T. Guthrie","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90028-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90028-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The grafting of styrene/maleic anhydride and maleic anhydride/vinyl acetate onto cellulose from mixed monomer compositions has been studied as a preliminary to the use of the resulting graft copolymers in enzyme immobilisation studies. Grafting has been shown to be effectively non-steady state in character. Attempts have been made to determine initial rates for the grafting reaction so that various dependencies can be ascertained. Values for <span><math><mtext>k</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msup><msub><mi></mi><mn>p</mn></msub><mtext>k</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>t</mn></msub></math></span> have been determined along with the corresponding mean kinetic chain length values. These increase markedly with increase in the bulk concentrations of the monomers used in these combinations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 213-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90028-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77530532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
U. V. Curing: Science and technology volume II 紫外光固化:科学与技术卷二
Polymer Photochemistry Pub Date : 1986-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(86)90032-1
N.S. Allen
{"title":"U. V. Curing: Science and technology volume II","authors":"N.S. Allen","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90032-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90032-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 240-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90032-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76864400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Photopolymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate induced by triphenylamine 三苯胺诱导丙烯腈与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的光聚合
Polymer Photochemistry Pub Date : 1986-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(86)90047-3
Hitoshi Kubota, Yoshitaka Ogiwara
{"title":"Photopolymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate induced by triphenylamine","authors":"Hitoshi Kubota,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Ogiwara","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90047-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90047-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The photopolymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate in the presence of triphenylamine (TPA) has been performed at 30°C in N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide under irradiation with light of <em>λ</em> &gt; 300 nm. TPA proved to be very effective for the polymerization of both monomers. An apparent activation energy of 4·3 kcal/mol was recorded for the photopolymerization of acrylonitrile. Equations of polymerization derived from a kinetic study were as follows: <span><span><span><math><mtext>Rate of polymerization=K[TPA]</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext></mn></msup><mtext>[Monomer]</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>1·0</mn></msup></math></span></span></span><span><span><span><math><mtext>Degree of polymerization=K′[TPA]</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn><mtext>−</mtext><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext></mn></msup><mtext>[Monomer]</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>1·0</mn></msup></math></span></span></span> From the UV spectrum of photoirradiated TPA in N,N-dimethylformamide solution, the formation of N,N-diphenylamine and aniline was observed, in which the photodecomposition of TPA might result.</p><p>Based on these results, it was suggested that radicals formed in the process of photodecomposition of TPA are responsible for the initiation of the photopolymerization, which proceeds through an ordinary mechanism of radical polymerization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 109-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90047-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89365045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Integration of fundamental polymer science and technology 基础高分子科学与技术的整合
Polymer Photochemistry Pub Date : 1986-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(86)90021-7
N.S. Allen
{"title":"Integration of fundamental polymer science and technology","authors":"N.S. Allen","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90021-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90021-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 6","pages":"Page 523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90021-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"94931158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Dye-sensitized photopolymerization: II—Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by a Crystal Violet-ascorbic acid system in aqueous solution 染料敏化光聚合:由结晶紫-抗坏血酸体系在水溶液中引发的甲基丙烯酸甲酯的光聚合
Polymer Photochemistry Pub Date : 1986-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(86)90038-2
Subasini Lenka, Padma L. Nayak, Indu B. Mohanty
{"title":"Dye-sensitized photopolymerization: II—Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by a Crystal Violet-ascorbic acid system in aqueous solution","authors":"Subasini Lenka,&nbsp;Padma L. Nayak,&nbsp;Indu B. Mohanty","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90038-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90038-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dye-sensitized photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate by a Crystal Violet-ascorbic acid system in aqueous solution was investigated. The systems were buffered with phosphate buffer and the effects of monomer, dye, temperature, buffer and ascorbic acid on the reaction system were studied. The rate of polymerization was measured gravimetrically and a suitable kinetic scheme has been proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90038-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91681443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesis and photochemical properties of poly(1-(4-carboethoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one) 聚(1-(4-碳乙氧基苯基)-2-丙烯-1- 1)的合成及光化学性质
Polymer Photochemistry Pub Date : 1986-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(86)90024-2
Ivan Lukáč, Pavol Hrdlovič, James E. Guillet
{"title":"Synthesis and photochemical properties of poly(1-(4-carboethoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one)","authors":"Ivan Lukáč,&nbsp;Pavol Hrdlovič,&nbsp;James E. Guillet","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90024-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90024-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New light-sensitive polymer, poly(1-(4-carboethoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one), <span><math><mtext>M</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>w</mn></msub><mtext> = 1·3 × 10</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>6</mn></msup></math></span> Dalton, <span><math><mtext>M</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>w</mn></msub><mtext>M</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>n</mn></msub><mtext> = 2·6</mtext></math></span>, was prepared. On the basis of fractions prepared by photolysis, Mark-Houwink coefficients (<em>α</em>=0·79 ± 0·02 and K=(2·41 ± 1·4) × 10<sup>−3</sup>) were determined in chlorobenzene at 25°C employing low-angle laser light scattering and automatic viscometry. Quantum yield of main chain scissions (The Norrish Type II Reaction) was 0·45 in benzene solution under 366 nm radiation at room temperature. The Stern-Volmer constant for quenching of photolysis by naphthalene in benzene was 171 mol<sup>−1</sup> and 63 mol<sup>−1</sup> by 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene in chloroform. The OO band of phosphorescence (438 nm) of the polyketone prepared was bathochromically shifted in comparison with poly(1-phenyl-2-propen-1-one), <em>λ</em><sub><em>max</em>•</sub> = 409 nm. The transient spectrum measured by laser flash photolysis exhibited a maximum at 350 nm with a lifetime of 150 ns. The bimolecular quenching rate constant (k<sub>q</sub>) for 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene in chloroform was 5·57 × 10<sup>8</sup> dm<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. This value agrees well with k<sub><em>q</em></sub> = 4·2 × 10<sup>8</sup> dm<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. based on the Stern-Volmer constant of photolysis quenching and lifetime estimated by laser flash photolysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 163-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90024-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84823801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Colour difference analysis of lightfastness for some vat dyes 几种还原染料耐光性的色差分析
Polymer Photochemistry Pub Date : 1986-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(86)90040-0
S. Shakra, Moustafa Ibrahim, A.B. Amera
{"title":"Colour difference analysis of lightfastness for some vat dyes","authors":"S. Shakra,&nbsp;Moustafa Ibrahim,&nbsp;A.B. Amera","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90040-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90040-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fourteen vat dyes from a commercial source were used in this investigation. Their lightfastness was measured by (a) the Blue Scale, (b) the CIE system, and (c) the Hunter L,a,b scale.</p><p>From the results obtained, it was found that the Hunter L,a,b scale was easier for evaluating the lightfastness than the CIE system; for individual colours ΔA and ΔE were preferred for measuring the lightfastness, and for different colours ΔL and ΔC were preferred.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90040-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91750144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Recent advances in liquid crystalline polymers 液晶聚合物的最新进展
Polymer Photochemistry Pub Date : 1986-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(86)90041-2
Jan F. Rabek
{"title":"Recent advances in liquid crystalline polymers","authors":"Jan F. Rabek","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90041-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90041-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 77-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90041-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91750145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Differences in polyene formation between polyethylene and polypropylene during photo-irradiation 聚乙烯和聚丙烯在光照射下形成多烯的差异
Polymer Photochemistry Pub Date : 1986-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(86)90029-1
Zenjiro Osawa, Hideyuki Kuroda
{"title":"Differences in polyene formation between polyethylene and polypropylene during photo-irradiation","authors":"Zenjiro Osawa,&nbsp;Hideyuki Kuroda","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90029-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90029-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the photo-irradiation of polyethylene a new fluorescence emission spectrum with a peak at 420 nm and a corresponding excitation spectrum with distinguishable peaks at 298, 312 and 327 nm were observed; the intensities of these peaks increased with irradiation time. In the case of polypropylene no emission spectrum was observed in these regions. However, infrared spectra of both polymers showed formation of carbon-carbon double bonds during the photo-irradiation. These differences in the fluorescence emission spectra between two polymers indicate that the polyethylene forms polyene structures fairly easily during the photo-irradiation, while polypropylene forms only isolated double bonds or very short sequences of double bonds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 231-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90029-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73196883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Influence of the dipole moment on the tinctorial power of some monoazo dyes 偶极矩对某些单偶氮染料着色力的影响
Polymer Photochemistry Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(85)90019-3
S. Shakra, I.K. Hakim
{"title":"Influence of the dipole moment on the tinctorial power of some monoazo dyes","authors":"S. Shakra,&nbsp;I.K. Hakim","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(85)90019-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-2880(85)90019-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Six monoazo dyes were prepared and recrystallized from the appropriate solvent. Their UV and visible spectra were measured.</p><p>The dipole moments of these dyes were obtained from measurements of their static dielectric constants and refractive indices of dilute solutions in benzene at 20°C.</p><p>The colour strength (K/S) of nylon 6 fabrics dyed with these dyes was measured.</p><p>From the results obtained, it was found that there is a relationship between the dipole moment of the dyes under investigation and their colour strength (K/S) on dyed fabrics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 125-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(85)90019-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82713874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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