{"title":"Antagonistic effects of hindered piperidines and organic sulphides in photostabilization of cis-1,4-polybutadiene","authors":"J. Lucki, S. Jian, J. Rabek, B. Rånby","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90037-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90037-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"88 1","pages":"27-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85071732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer PhotochemistryPub Date : 1986-01-01Epub Date: 2003-06-11DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(86)90012-6
P. Hrdlovič , J.E. Guillet
{"title":"Photolysis of Poly[1-(4-substituted phenyl)-2-propen-1-one] in the solid phase","authors":"P. Hrdlovič , J.E. Guillet","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90012-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90012-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photolysis of poly[1-(4-substituted phenyl]-2-propen-1-ones] in film of thickness 5–10 μm was followed by automatic viscometry, lowangle laser light scattering (LALLS) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) under irradiation at 313 and 285·8 nm in air. The substituents in position 4 of the benzene ring were: H, fluoro, chloro, methoxy and ethyl. The monitoring of degradation by automatic viscometry and LALLS enabled determination of the Mark-Houwink parameters α and K for the above polymers in chlorobenzene at 25°C as follows. H: <em>α</em> = 0·76 ± 0·03, K = 3·8 × 10<sup>−3</sup>; 4-F: <em>α</em> = 0·69 ± 0·02, K = 6·1 × 10<sup>−3</sup>; 4-Cl: <em>α</em> = 0·79 ± 0·03, K = 1·4 × 10<sup>−3</sup>; 4-C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>: <em>α</em> = 0·85 ± 0·03, K = 1·3 × 10<sup>−3</sup>; 4-OCH<sub>3</sub>: <em>α</em> = 0·75 ± 0·06, K = 2·3 × 10<sup>−3</sup>. The plots of main chain scission versus time were curved, which indicates inhibition at the later stage of degradation. The initial quantum yields of main chain scissions are about 0·08 except for the 4-methoxy derivative, in which case strong oxygen quenching causes the quantum yield to lie one order of magnitude lower. The unsaturated ketone formed during photolysis quenches the main chain scissions with Stern-Volmer constants which lie within the range 50–150 mol<sup>−1</sup> for the polyketones under study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 423-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90012-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74697106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer PhotochemistryPub Date : 1986-01-01Epub Date: 2003-06-11DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(86)90007-2
Miguel G. Neumann, Robert A.M.C. De Groote, Antonio E.H. Machado
{"title":"Flash photolysis of lignin: Part 1. Deaerated solutions of dioxane-lignin","authors":"Miguel G. Neumann, Robert A.M.C. De Groote, Antonio E.H. Machado","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90007-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90007-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low molecular weight dioxane-lignin has been submitted to flash photolysis in deaerated solutions. The transient spectra show absorption maxima that can be identified with ketyl and phenoxy radicals, confirming that the initial mechanism is the abstraction of a phenolic hydrogen by a triplet excited carbonyl. The second-order decay rates, ca <span><math><mtext>10</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>9</mn></msup><mtext>M</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>−1</mn></msup><mtext>s</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>−1</mn></msup></math></span>, are also consistent with the nature of those radicals. Flash photolysis of model compounds vanillin and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde showed similar behaviour. The photolysis of a model compound (Ether I) with no carbonyl or phenol groups confirmed the occurrence of β-scission as the photolytic pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 401-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90007-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73180284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer PhotochemistryPub Date : 1986-01-01Epub Date: 2003-06-11DOI: 10.1016/0144-2880(86)90025-4
S. Saini, A.K. Srivastava
{"title":"Heterocyclic ylide initiated photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate","authors":"S. Saini, A.K. Srivastava","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90025-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90025-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was carried out in the presence of visible light (440 nm) using β-picolinium p-chlorophenacylide as a photoinitiator at 30°C. The initiator and monomer exponent values were calculated to be 0·5 and 1·0 ± 0·01, respectively. An average value of <span><math><mtext>k</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>p</mn></msub><msup><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mtext>k</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>t</mn></msub></math></span> was 4·07 × 10<sup>−2</sup>. The polymerization was retarded in the presence of hydroquinone; however, a nonpolar solvent (cyclohexane) enhanced the rate of polymerization. Kinetic data and ESR studies indicate that the overall polymerization takes place by a radical mechanism via triplet carbene formation which acts as a source of free radicals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90025-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89466850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative examination of sensitizers in photografting on polymer films","authors":"Hitoshi Kubota, Kyoko Kobayashi, Yoshitaka Ogiwara","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90005-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90005-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photografting (λ > 300 nm) of methacrylic acid on low-density polyethylene film (thickness 30 μm) was carried out at 60°C for 60 min in water medium, and the activity of sensitizers towards the grafting was examined. Various sensitizers, involving hydrogen atom abstraction (aromatic ketones and quinones), radical generation, and energy transfer (aromatic hydrocarbons), were coated on the film sample beforehand. High percentages of grafting ( > 800%) were recorded for aromatic ketones (xanthone, thioxanthone and benzophenone), for quinones (2-chloroanthraquinone, 2-methylanthraquinone and 9,10-phenanthraquinone) and for radical generators (benzoin ethyl ether and phenyl disulfide). However, energy-transfer types (anthracene, phenanthrene and naphthalene) exhibited little effect on the grafting. Carbazoles, as well as the above sensitizers, were found to be considerably effective. Characteristics of each type of sensitizer are discussed in terms of the amount coated and the kinds of film (polypropylene and nylon 6) and monomer (acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 379-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90005-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82083719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of light irradiation in the chiral complex of poly(l-lysine) with Methyl Orange","authors":"Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Ayako Nishida, Katsuhiko Inouye","doi":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90003-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0144-2880(86)90003-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of light irradiation in the chiral complex of poly(<span>l</span>-lysine) (PLL) with Methyl Orange (MO) was investigated by means of absorption and circular dichroism (c.d.) measurements. Upon irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light, the magnitudes of the induced c.d. of the PLL-MO complex decreased together with a decrease in skew dimeric dye species. As more photons were irradiated, the induced c.d. decreased much faster. The lowermolecular-weight complex and higher temperature caused faster decrease of the induced c.d. The change was irreversible under dark or re-irradiation conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101036,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Photochemistry","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 349-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0144-2880(86)90003-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72912666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}