{"title":"Molecular beam epitaxy of II–VI wide bandgap semiconductors","authors":"J.M. Gaines","doi":"10.1016/0165-5817(95)98699-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0165-5817(95)98699-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper presents the issues and challenges for molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of the II–VI wide-bandgap semiconductors used for blue/green lasers. Use of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) addresses many of these challenges, permitting characterization and control of various aspects of wide-bandgap II–VI MBE growth. The paper describes their use to control composition of Zn<sub>1 − <em>x</em></sub>Mg<sub><em>x</em></sub>Se and ZnS<sub><em>y</em></sub>Se<sub>1 − <em>y</em></sub>, layers, and to measure and control the growth rates of ZnSe, ZnTe and CdSe during migration-enhanced epitaxy (MEE) growth. RHEED oscillations reveal additional information about growth processes during II–VI MBE. The Mg sticking coefficient is found to be independent of substrate temperature, flux ratios, and electron beam excitation. Re-evaporation of Se, but not of Zn, is found to occur during pauses in growth. The effects of an electron beam on growth may be quantitatively determined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101018,"journal":{"name":"Philips Journal of Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 245-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0165-5817(95)98699-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82381961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A statistical approach to multilingual phonetic transcription","authors":"Stefan Besling","doi":"10.1016/0165-5817(96)81586-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0165-5817(96)81586-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we present a statistical method for generating phonetic transcriptions from written words. It uses Bayes' decision rule to find the most likely phonetic transcription. The method is illustrated by applying it to English, French and German. For these three languages it produces transcriptions that differ from the correct ones in at most two phonemes for more than 97% of all words. An advantage of the statistical approach lies in the fact that phonotactical knowledge is automatically learned from background lexica and does not have to be explicitly coded. Thus, the system is basically language independent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101018,"journal":{"name":"Philips Journal of Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 367-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0165-5817(96)81586-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85082860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct bonding: From an optical technology to a broad research topic","authors":"U.K.P. Biermann, A.A. van Gorkum, J.A. Pals","doi":"10.1016/0165-5817(95)82000-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0165-5817(95)82000-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For more than thirty years Philips Research has been engaged in direct bonding. A survey is given of how what was first the study of an optical technology gradually changed into the development of special applications in semiconductor technology. Cooperation between workshops with mastered dedicated technologies and research groups with incentives is shown to be indispensable for success. The principles and diversity of direct bonding are briefly described, after which an impression is given of its stimulating impact on Philips' research programme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101018,"journal":{"name":"Philips Journal of Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0165-5817(95)82000-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85532267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital signal processing and LSI in modems for data transmission","authors":"L. Zegers, N. A. M. Verhoeckx","doi":"10.1016/0026-2714(79)90497-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(79)90497-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101018,"journal":{"name":"Philips Journal of Research","volume":"09 1","pages":"226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86038099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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