Perspectives in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Possibilities of transcranial color-coded sonography in pathology of deep brain veins in children","authors":"Marina Abramova,&nbsp;Irina Stepanova,&nbsp;Svetlana Shayunova","doi":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A study in children with headaches associated mainly with venous hemodynamic disturbances has been performed. The role of cerebral venous disturbances has been defined in children with structural cerebral abnormalities: craniovertebral junction anomalies (Chiari abnormalities I) and hypoplasia of cerebral venous sinuses. Disturbances of cerebral hemodynamics revealed by ultrasonic methods determine the management of patients with different cerebral venous abnormalities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101010,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 353-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.permed.2012.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72673300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety evaluation of superheated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets for novel phase change type neurological therapeutic agents","authors":"Jun Shimizu ,&nbsp;Reiko Endoh ,&nbsp;Takahiro Fukuda ,&nbsp;Takuya Inagaki ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Hano ,&nbsp;Rei Asami ,&nbsp;Ken-ichi Kawabata ,&nbsp;Masayuki Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Furuhata","doi":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and purpose</h3><p>Sonothrombolysis using diagnostic ultrasound (US) in combination with microbubble (MB) contrast agents is an attractive trial. Superheated perfluorocarbon nanodroplet (SPN), which can turn into MBs upon US trigger, may have advantages in sonothrombolysis. As a preliminary investigation of SPN-assisted sonothrombolysis, we performed a safety evaluation <em>in vivo</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Twenty male rabbits (2.59<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.14<!--> <!-->kg) were assigned to three groups: the Control group (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->6), 2.2<!--> <!-->mL/kg of physiological saline intravascular (i.v.) injection into auricular vein; the PL group (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->8), 25<!--> <!-->mg/kg of phospholipid-coated SPN i.v.; and the AA group (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->6), 25<!--> <!-->mg/kg of SPN coated with poly aspartic acid derivative i.v. Rectal temperatures were maintained at 39.08<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->0.98<!--> <!-->°C. Neurological evaluation and biochemical blood examinations were performed at pre-injection, 1, 4, and 7<!--> <!-->days after injection. Organ samples including heart, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys were harvested after euthanasia.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Within an hour after administration of SPNs, both the PL and AA groups showed a reversible change in respiration. One animal in the AA showed transient nystagmus about 20<!--> <!-->min after administration; however, there was no pathological damage. One animal in the PL died 2<!--> <!-->days after. No histological damage was found in any organ sample from any of the animals. Moreover, no significant differences were found in the biochemical blood examination between the PL, AA, and Control groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>No neurological damage or histological change was found with two SPNs. We will further investigate the SPN-assisted sonothrombolysis based on the 500-kHz US exposure with bubble liposome acceleration of rt-PA efficacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101010,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74165997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four-dimensional ultrasound imaging in neuro-ophthalmology","authors":"Ekaterina Titianova ,&nbsp;Sylvia Cherninkova ,&nbsp;Sonja Karakaneva ,&nbsp;Boyko Stamenov","doi":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To demonstrate diagnostic abilities of space–time (4D) ultrasound imaging in patients with eye pathology and some neuro-ophthalmic syndromes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fifteen healthy controls and 15 patients with eye pathology (papilledema, retinal detachment, macular degeneration and intraocular metastasis) were studied by multimodal (color duplex, B-flow and 3D/4D imaging) sonography.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Normal optic disc resulted in a smooth and sharp contour without swelling. Papilledema was presented as a hyperechoic prominence into the vitreous. On its side the optic sheath diameter was increased in association with the degree of optic disc swelling. The retinal detachment was imaged as a hyperechoic undulating membrane, the neovascular macular degeneration – as a hyperechoic membrane behind the retina, and the intraocular metastasis – as irregular unifocal formation into the vitreous.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The 4D neuro-ophthalmo-sonology helps for the quick and non-invasive volume imaging of the type, size, location and severity of optic disc and optic nerve edema and its differentiation from other types of eye lesions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101010,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 86-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74242197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertebral artery hypoplasia and the posterior circulation stroke","authors":"Andrea Skultéty Szárazová ,&nbsp;Eva Bartels ,&nbsp;Peter Turčáni","doi":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this preliminary study is to evaluate the hypothesis of a possible causal link between the anatomical findings of vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) and the incidence of posterior circulation stroke. We used full ultrasonographic examination to evaluate patients with stroke in the vertebrobasilar circulation territory over a period of 1.5 years. The diameter equal or less than 2.5<!--> <!-->mm (in V1 and V2 segment of the vertebral artery) was set as a feature of vertebral artery hypoplasia. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography (MRI and MRA) or computed tomography and angiography (CT and CTA) were performed to confirm the anatomic variation of hypoplasia and the site of the cerebral ischemic territory. In the group of 44 stroke patients, 9 (20%) had a hypoplastic vertebral artery and 35 (80%) were without VAH. Although vertebral artery hypoplasia in previously published literature is seldom shown as a leading risk factor for stroke in vertebrobasilar (posterior) circulation, its occurrence is not negligible and in coexistence with known risk factors of stroke may increase the negative clinical impact. Vertebral artery hypoplasia can be diagnosed non-invasively with duplex ultrasonography. It is therefore a useful method for detection of this anatomic variation and for follow-up examination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101010,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 198-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75667100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When to perform transcranial Doppler to predict cerebral hyperperfusion after carotid endarterectomy?","authors":"Claire W. Pennekamp ,&nbsp;Selma C. Tromp ,&nbsp;Rob G. Ackerstaff ,&nbsp;Michiel L. Bots ,&nbsp;Rogier V. Immink ,&nbsp;Wilco Spiering ,&nbsp;Jean-Paul P. de Vries ,&nbsp;Jaap Kappelle ,&nbsp;Frans L. Moll ,&nbsp;Wolfgang F. Buhre ,&nbsp;Gert J. de Borst","doi":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a potential life-threatening disease. Identification of patients at risk for CHS commonly takes place with use of intra-operative transcranial Doppler (TCD), but is associated with both false positive and false negative results. We aimed to determine the diagnostic value for predicting CHS, by adding a TCD measurement in the early post-operative phase after CEA.</p><p>We retrospectively included 72 patients who underwent CEA between January 2004 and August 2010 and in whom both intra- and post-operative TCD of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery monitoring were performed. Twelve patients (17%) had an intra-operative mean blood flow velocity (<em>V</em>_mean) increase &gt;100% and 13 patients (18%) a post-operative <em>V</em>_mean increase of &gt;100%. In 5 patients (7%) CHS was diagnosed; 2 of those had an intra-operative <em>V</em>_mean increase of &gt;100% and all 5 a post-operative <em>V</em>_mean increase &gt;100%. This results in a positive predictive value of 17% for the intra-operative and 38% for the post-operative measurement.</p><p>In conclusion, a post-operative increase of the mean velocity in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery of &gt;100% as measured by TCD is superior to an intra-operative velocity increase, for the identification of patients at risk for the development of CHS after CEA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101010,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 119-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85802513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial ultrasound in adults and children with movement disorders","authors":"Jan Liman ,&nbsp;Mathias Bähr ,&nbsp;Pawel Kermer","doi":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the first discovery, that ultrasound can overcome the skull allowing examination of the intracranial blood-flow as well as the first description of substantia nigra (SN) signal alterations via B-mode sonography, a plethora of applications especially in the field of movement disorders have been fostered. Up to now, however, most studies investigated adult individuals, even though numerous of the diseases studied have their onset already during childhood or adolescence. This overview summarizes recent studies of transcranial B-mode sonography (TCS) within the movement disorder field and outlines potential implications for pediatric applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101010,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 349-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82535768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2211-968X(12)00138-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2211-968X(12)00138-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101010,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages iii-vii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S2211-968X(12)00138-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138248762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fact or fiction: Chronic cerebro-spinal insufficiency","authors":"Claudio Baracchini,&nbsp;Paolo Gallo","doi":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Its autoimmune origin has been recently challenged by a substantially different mechanism termed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), which has attracted worldwide attention in the scientific community, in the media and among MS patients. According to this hypothesis, a congestion of cerebrovenous outflow induces an increased intracranial pressure and a disintegration of the blood–brain barrier in perivenular regions promoting local iron deposition and activation of pro-inflammatory factors, ultimately leading to MS. After the initial report of a perfect association between CCSVI and MS, different independent groups were not able to replicate these results, casting doubts on the credibility of the CCSVI concept in MS. In spite of this, interventional procedures like venous angioplasty named the “liberation” treatment have been claimed as a cure of MS or at least as a major improvement of MS symptoms. As a result, an increasing number of MS patients are undergoing endovascular treatment, in spite of a lack of an evidenced-based benefit and recent reports of serious adverse events. This review represents a critical appraisal of the CCSVI hypothesis, discusses its basis, the diagnostic criteria and its relationship with MS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101010,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 371-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.permed.2012.01.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73478608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic vasospasm and intracranial hypertension after wartime traumatic brain injury","authors":"Rocco A. Armonda ,&nbsp;Teodoro A. Tigno ,&nbsp;Sven M. Hochheimer ,&nbsp;Fred L. Stephens ,&nbsp;Randy S. Bell ,&nbsp;Alexander H. Vo ,&nbsp;Meryl A. Severson ,&nbsp;Scott A. Marshall ,&nbsp;Stephen M. Oppenheimer ,&nbsp;Robert Ecker ,&nbsp;Alexander Razumovsky","doi":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with the severest casualties from Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). From October 1, 2008 the US Army Medical Department initiated a transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound service for TBI patients; included patients were retrospectively evaluated for TCD-determined incidence of posttraumatic cerebral vasospasm and intracranial hypertension after wartime TBI. Ninety patients were investigated with daily TCD studies and comprehensive TCD protocol and published diagnostic criteria for vasospasm and raised intracranial pressure (ICP) were applied. TCD signs of mild, moderate and severe vasospasms were observed in 37%, 22% and 12% of patients, respectively. TCD signs of intracranial hypertension were recorded in 62.2%, five patients (4.5%) underwent transluminal angioplasty for post-traumatic clinical vasospasm treatment and 16 (14.4%) had cranioplasty. These findings demonstrate that cerebral arterial spasm and intracranial hypertension are frequent and significant complications of combat TBI, therefore daily TCD monitoring is recommended for their recognition and subsequent management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101010,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 261-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.permed.2012.02.043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73876860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How local hemodynamics at the carotid bifurcation influence the development of carotid plaques","authors":"Dieter Liepsch ,&nbsp;Andrea Balasso ,&nbsp;Hermann Berger ,&nbsp;Hans-Henning Eckstein","doi":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.permed.2012.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A short introduction is given of how fluid dynamics forces and velocity distribution influence the development of plaque in the carotid bifurcation. The flow parameters are discussed. Flow visualization techniques and also laser-Doppler-anemometer measurements demonstrate the importance of the flow. This will be shown in true-to-scale, physiological accurate models of the carotid arteries. These models have the same compliance as the real blood vessel. Some applications are shown e.g. patches, stents and filters. The most important factors are the flow rate ratio and geometry, unsteady pulsatile flow, wall elasticity and non-Newtonian flow behavior of blood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101010,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 132-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.permed.2012.04.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72645337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}