Península最新文献

{"title":"","authors":"Nahayeilli B. Juárez Huet","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101005,"journal":{"name":"Península","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 193-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82223841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LA COSTURA COMO “VERDADERO TRABAJO” MASCULINO EN TEKIT, YUCATÁN","authors":"Amada Rubio Herrera","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>En este trabajo<span>¹</span> se expone el caso del municipio de Tekit, Yucatán, cuyos habitantes pasaron de trabajar en el cultivo de henequén en haciendas, a costurar prendas de vestir en talleres. Sostengo que el cambio de actividad económica derivó en la construcción de una representación social de la costura. Esa representación revela contenidos propios de un sistema de género estereotipado, es hegemónica, se impone y convierte al hombre costurero en ideal masculino. En contraste, la incorporación de la mujer a esa actividad ha sido menos valorada, y considerada como secundaria al trabajo de los hombres.</p></div><div><p>This article presents a case study of the municipality of Tekit whose inhabitants passed from cultivating sisal plants on haciendas to working in sewing workshops to produce clothing. I argue that the change in their economic activity resulted in the construction of a social representation connected to the activity of sewing, one that is hegemonic and reveals a stereotyped gender system that imposes and converts the male worker into a masculine ideal. In contrast, the incorporation of women into this economic activity has been less valued and their work is considered as secondary to the men's.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101005,"journal":{"name":"Península","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 77-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90249332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LA SOCIEDAD CASA COMO MODELO EXPLICATIVO DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN SOCIAL, IDENTIDAD Y POLÍTICA ENTRE LOS MAYAS DEL PERIODO CLÁSICO. EVIDENCIAS Y REFLEXIONES","authors":"Marcos Noé Pool Cab","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>El presente trabajo explora las bases teóricas y metodológicas del constructo <em>casa</em> como modelo operativo que explica la organización social maya prehispánica del periodo Clásico a través de los datos arqueológicos y epigráficos, contrastados con la información etnográfica. Este ensayo ofrece diferentes evidencias mediante la revisión bibliográfica de autores que, si bien no tratan el tema, aportan información útil para la propuesta.</p><p>El modelo de sociedades tipo <em>casa</em> fue introducido a los estudios antropológicos a finales de la década de 1970 por el antropólogo francés Lévi-Strauss. En la arqueología maya no ha recibido la atención suficiente, aun cuando investigadores como Armando Anaya (1996) y Susan Gillespie (2000, 2011), entre otros, han expuesto las bondades académicas del modelo para explicar las relaciones sociales y de poder, símbolos y prácticas en la estructura social prehispánica. Aunque el presente artículo sigue la línea de los autores mencionados, no pretende hacer una recapitulación de sus trabajos, sino reflexionar a partir sobre esta propuesta estructuralista como modelo de interpretación.</p></div><div><p>This paper explores the theoretical and methodological basis of the construct “house” as a working model that explains the pre-Hispanic social organization of the Mayan Classic Period through archaeological and epigraphic data, contrasted with the ethnographic information. A literature review of authors offers evidence to support the proposal.</p><p>The French anthropologist Levi-Strauss introduced the concept of house societies in the late 1970s. but he has received little academic attention since, even though researchers such as Armando Anaya (1996) and Susan Gillespie (2000, 2011), among others, have exposed the academic benefits of the model to explain social relations, power, symbols and pre-Hispanic practices in social structure. This work follows the line of the authors mentioned, but it will not be a simple review of them, rather we will reflect a range of information that reinforces the structuralist proposal as a model of interpretation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101005,"journal":{"name":"Península","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 95-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76743018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FLORA, USOS Y ALGUNAS CAUSALES DE CAMBIO EN QUINCE HUERTOS FAMILIARES EN EL MUNICIPIO DE JOSÉ MARÍA MORELOS, QUINTANA ROO, MÉXICO","authors":"María Teresa Pulido-Salas ,&nbsp;María de Jesús Ordóñez Díaz ,&nbsp;Héctor Cálix de Dios","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>En la zona maya de la Península de Yucatán han surgido cambios en las prioridades cotidianas, que incluyen el manejo del huerto familiar tradicional —llamado localmente <em>solar</em>—. Mediante entrevistas a los dueños y recorridos por las unidades domésticas, se realizó un registro de especies vegetales y su uso, y se documentaron las razones para modificar las prioridades en el huerto, llamado localmente “solar”. En tres poblados del municipio José María Morelos, en Quintana Roo, seleccionamos 15 huertos por su evidente diversidad vegetal. Registramos 72 especies de 40 familias botánicas y 10 categorías de uso. Encontramos dos razones principales que inciden en las prioridades para el manejo del “solar”: la edad de los propietarios y el surgimiento de nuevas fuentes de ingresos monetarios para la familia. Los huertos estudiados están cambiando, sobreviven como Unidad Productiva Familiar (<span>upf</span>) y como Unidad de Adaptación Social (<span>uas</span>) manteniendo su función principal de proveedor de alimentos.</p></div><div><p>In the Mayan Zone, in the Yucatan Peninsula, changes have emerged in the daily priorities, including the management of the Mayan traditional homegarden referred to in Spanish as a <em>solar</em>. Using personalized interviews of owners or “keepers” and walking through the homegardens, we enlisted species and documented the reasons to modify priorities in the <em>solar</em>. We selected 15 homegardens with an evident plant diversity in three towns in the municipality Jose Maria Morelos in the Mayan Zone of the state of Quintana Roo. We registered 72 species of 40 botanical families and 10 categories of uses. We found two main reasons to modify priorities in the management of the <em>solar</em>: the age of owners and the new alternatives for supporting the family financially. The homegardens studied are changing: they are surviving as a Family Productive Unit (<span>fpu</span>) but also as a Social Adaptative Unit (<span>sau</span>), maintaining their main function as food provider.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101005,"journal":{"name":"Península","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 119-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80252669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LA CONSTRUCCIÓN SOCIAL DE LA MEMORIA EN EL ESPACIO: UNA APROXIMACIÓN SOCIOLÓGICA","authors":"Edith Kuri Pineda","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>El tema de la memoria colectiva constituye uno de los tópicos más discutidos dentro del amplio campo de las ciencias sociales en las últimas décadas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo central efectuar una reflexión teórica sobre la construcción social de la memoria —a partir de las relaciones intersubjetivas, las prácticas sociales, el poder, la cultura y la historicidad— y su nexo con el espacio, así como las dimensiones sensorial, simbólica y política de dicha relación. Se analiza también la manera en que los diversos actores sociales y políticos despliegan una lucha política y simbólica en el espacio público en aras de marcar en él la memoria y, como tal, una visión del pasado.</p></div><div><p>The field of collective memory is one of the most discussed subjects within the broad field of the social sciences in the last few decades. The aim of this paper is to introduce a theoretical discussion on the social construction of memory and its connection with the concept of space. In this work, I develop the way the memory is constructed in everyday life based upon intersubjective relationships, social practices, power, culture and historicity. In the same sense, I present the mode in which space and memory are linked conceptually and how such a connection has a sensory, symbolic and political dimension. I will also analyze how a diversity of social and political actors carry out a political and symbolic struggle in the public space in order to engrave in it memory, creating thus a vision of the past.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101005,"journal":{"name":"Península","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 9-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79935511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Diego Vásquez Monterroso","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101005,"journal":{"name":"Península","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 189-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72646412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VIVIMOS LA REVOLUCIÓN: LOS VOCEROS DEL ALVARADISMO Y EL DISCURSO DE LA MEMORIA REVOLUCIONARIA EN YUCATÁN","authors":"Joed Amílcar Peña Alcocer","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Este trabajo analiza el papel de la literatura y el periodismo en la conformación de la memoria sobre la Revolución en Yucatán durante la administración de Salvador Alvarado, cuyo discurso político buscó posicionarla como una etapa histórica necesaria. De este mensaje se apropiaron intelectuales quienes, sin ser propagandistas oficiales, contribuyeron a forjar la historia y memoria de esta etapa, a través de sus novelas y artículos periodísticos. El discurso literario y periodístico basado en las experiencias de sus autores pronto se unió a la memoria colectiva de Yucatán.</p></div><div><p>This paper studies the role of literature and journalism in the formation of memory on the Revolution in Yucatan during the administration of Salvador Alvarado. The Alvarado administration created a system of political propaganda that tried to justify the Revolution as necessary; some intellectuals without being official propagandists appropriated this discourse and contributed, with their novels and newspaper articles, to forge the history and memory of Revolutionary Yucatan as <em>voceros del alvaradismo</em>. The literary and journalistic discourse based on the experiences of these authors soon joined the collective memory of Yucatan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101005,"journal":{"name":"Península","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 55-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90912087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EL TERRORISMO DE ESTADO EN ARGENTINA A ESCALA LOCAL. TENSIONES ENTRE LA MEMORIA DOMINANTE Y MEMORIAS LOCALES","authors":"Vanesa Garbero","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>El propósito de este trabajo es analizar las memorias locales en torno al terrorismo de Estado de los habitantes de barrios aledaños a un ex centro clandestino de la ciudad de Córdoba. Se pretende mostrar que, a pesar de la existencia de una política de memoria con tentativa <em>institucionalizadora</em>, los procesos de construcción de sentidos, vinculados con el pasado reciente, siguen abiertos y se caracterizan por la conflictividad y diversidad. Las memorias relevadas muestran construcciones de sentidos más permeados por los supuestos de la “teoría de los dos demonios” que por la memoria dominante de la actualidad en el país.</p></div><div><p>The purpose of this paper is to analyze the local memories of the inhabitants of neighborhoods surrounding a former clandestine center in the city of Cordoba and their relationship to state terrorism. We seek to show that, despite the existence of a policy that attempts to institutionalize these memories, the processes that construct meanings related to the recent past are still open and are characterized by conflict and diversity. Memories show meanings permeated by the assumptions of the “theory of two demons” rather than the dominant memories held by Argentinians nowadays.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101005,"journal":{"name":"Península","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 31-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pnsla.2017.01.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77571318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LINEAMIENTOS GENERALES PARA EL DISEÑO DE UN MODELO INTERCULTURAL DE ATENCIÓN A LA SALUD DE INMIGRANTES MAYAS YUCATECOS EN SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA","authors":"Nancy Beatriz Villanueva Villanueva ,&nbsp;Miguel Antonio Güémez Pineda","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2016.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2016.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Presentamos los resultados de la primera fase del proyecto de investigación aplicada “Conectando mundos”, cuyos objetivos son incrementar el acceso de los inmigrantes mayas yucatecos radicados en San Francisco, California, a los servicios de salud y contribuir a mejorar la calidad de estos servicios, mediante el diseño e implementación de un modelo de atención que favorezca el entendimiento entre pacientes y profesionales y disminuya las experiencias discriminatorias. En esta fase realizamos trabajo de campo en el lugar de origen de estos migrantes (Oxkutzcab, Yucatán) para obtener la información pertinente para elaborar dicho modelo de atención. A partir del análisis de los datos y de tres conceptos teóricos de interculturalidad dilucidamos los lineamientos generales para el diseño de ese modelo de atención intercultural a la salud, desde una noción de interculturalidad respetuosa y abierta a los saberes y prácticas diferentes, sin asumir <em>a priori</em> a los conocimientos médicos occidentales como mejores.</p></div><div><p>We present the results of the first phase of an applied research project entitled “Connecting Worlds,” which aims to increase access of Yucatecan Mayan immigrants residing in San Francisco, California, to health services and to improve the quality of these services through the design and implementation of a health care model that promotes intercultural understanding between patients and professionals, reducing thus discriminatory experiences. For the first phase of the project we conducted fieldwork in Oxkutzcab, Yucatan, the migrants’ place of origin, to obtain information for developing such a model. From the analysis of this information and three theoretical concepts of multiculturalism, we elucidate the general guidelines for intercultural health care, from a platform of respect and openess to different cultural practices without assuming <em>a priori</em> that. Western medical knowledge is better.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101005,"journal":{"name":"Península","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 59-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pnsla.2016.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74546876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DESIGUALDAD Y MARGINACIÓN EN CHIAPAS","authors":"Teodoro Aguilar Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2015.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnsla.2015.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Históricamente, la pobreza en México se ha concentrado en algunas entidades, sobre todo en aquellas que conforman la región Sur Sureste del país. Tal es el caso de Chiapas, estado que registra elevados índices de pobreza y marginación, lo que ha derivado en tasas de analfabetismo y desnutrición infantil muy por encima del promedio nacional. En los últimos cuatro años, la pobreza se ha agudizado debido a las políticas neoliberales que han provocado un estancamiento sostenido de la economía nacional y con terribles consecuencias en el estado de bienestar de los mexicanos. En ese sentido, Chiapas ha quedado rezagada en cuanto a desarrollo económico. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer un recuento sobre este aumento de la pobreza en dicho estado a partir de 1990, y revisar sus efectos en las familias chiapanecas, en especial a partir de los indicadores educativos, de salud y nutrición.</p></div><div><p>Poverty has historically focused on some entities of our country, especially those that make up the South and Southeast regions of Mexico. Chiapas, a state with high rates of poverty and marginalization, has illiteracy and child malnutrition rates high above the national average. This poverty has been increasing in recent years due to neoliberal policies that have led to a sustained stagnation of the national economy, leading to terrible consequences for the welfare of ordinary Mexicans and leaving behind the economic development of Chiapas. The objective of this work is to detail the history of the state's poverty from the 1990s onward, and to review its effect on chiapanec families, from the point of view of indicators in education, health and nutrition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101005,"journal":{"name":"Península","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 143-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.pnsla.2015.08.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85566453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}