Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"What do scientists say on climate change? A study of Indonesian newspapers","authors":"Irwansyah","doi":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Scientists predict that Indonesia is likely to be one of the regions most affected by climate change. Although there are pressing concerns for the effects on Indonesia's biodiversity, the consequences of climate change are predicted to reach beyond the natural environment. Agriculture, industry, the health sector, politics and the social-economic sector, among others, are all likely to be impacted significantly by climate change in the coming years. The underlying theoretical assumption of the study is that it is of vital importance to know how the climate question has been understood and framed to assess how the general public will respond to lifestyle changes necessary for climate protection. This study examines the media coverage of climate change over one year in the Indonesian media, specifically the newspapers Kompas and Media Indonesia. Using a quantitative analysis as its central methodology, the study adopts two core frames to analyse all articles on climate change. The study found that the environmental and scientific frames were the dominant ones for news accounts of issue and that the scientific and governmental frames were the most prominent ones for individuals or organisations concerned with climate change issues. This study also found that the media tend to frame climate change news primarily for an Indonesian context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101000,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87095989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of unfair means cases in computer-based examination systems","authors":"Shariq Aziz Butt","doi":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There are mainly two systems of examination used by educational institutes to evaluate the performance of students. Most institutes use the conventional examination system, and some use computer-based examination systems. Unfair means is an illegal act by a student in either type of examination systems. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the types of examination systems. We will discuss types of unfair means cases in computer-based examination systems and will discuss some patterns and trends discovered using data mining techniques. After discussing the patterns, we will also suggest some key points for avoiding and diminishing the unfair means cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101000,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82699288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of empowering women and achieving gender equality to the sustainable development of Ethiopia","authors":"Endalcachew Bayeh","doi":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study is to uncover the role of empowering women and achieving gender equality in the sustainable development of Ethiopia. To achieve this purpose, the researcher employed qualitative methodology, with secondary sources as instruments of data collection. Based on the data analysed, findings of the study show that the role of women across different dimensions of sustainable development is less reflected in the country. The use of a women's labour force in the economic development of the country is minimal. The political sphere of the country is, by and large, reserved for men alone. The place of women in society is also relegated to contributing minimally to the social development of the country. In addition, women's rights are not properly being protected in order for women to participate in various the issues of their country but are subjected to abysmal violations. Moreover, women are highly affected by environmental problems, and less emphasis is given to their participation in protecting the environment. The researcher concluded that unless women are empowered and gender equality is achieved so that women can play their role in economic, social, political, and environmental areas, the country will not achieve sustainable development with the recognition of only men's participation in all these areas. The fact that women constitute half the entire population of the country makes empowering them to be an active part of all development initiatives in the country a compelling circumstance. Hence, this paper calls for the strong commitment of the government to empower women and utilize all the potentials of the country to bring about sustainable development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101000,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78673486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the removal of results from a submitted paper reduce publication bias?","authors":"Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A recent paper by Findley et al. (2016) in <em>Comparative Political Studies</em> suggests that the removal of results from a paper may decrease publication bias. However, in the biomedical sciences, a paper without results is not interpretable; therefore, such a solution is not viable for addressing the reproducibility crisis. Instead, Findley et al.’s proposal should form a pre-submission step that enables colleagues and peers to evaluate a paper's experimental design and protocol prior to submission to a journal for regular peer review. Introducing a new, data-free model for peer review would only dilute the efficacy of current models and weaken efforts to improve existing publication practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101000,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73507551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher education, high-impact research, and world university rankings: A case of India and comparison with China","authors":"K.S. Reddy,&nbsp;En Xie,&nbsp;Qingqing Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To date, this paper is probably the first to compare Indian and Chinese universities on educational performance metrics such as high-impact research and world university rankings. The study, therefore, examines the current state of higher education, high-impact research metrics, and world university rankings in an emerging market of India. First, we present an overview of the higher education system, government schemes for academic research, and related educational statistics. Second, we compare India and China on various academic-research metrics (citable documents, number of citations, cites per document, and H-index in three categories), and world university rankings. Special attention is devoted to revealing the progress of management research metrics, business school accreditations and rankings, and abstracting and indexing of publishing journals. Last, we discuss several challenges in university education and recommend policy guidelines pertaining to research funding, collaborative research projects, and research assessment council for imparting quality academic practices and standards in a higher education environment. Our exploratory analysis indicates that for citable documents in the ‘all subjects’ category, the United States is ranked first, followed by China in second, the United Kingdom in third, and India in ninth. Overall, world university rankings and research metrics of Indian universities are found to be far behind those of Chinese universities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101000,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"99873652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persuasive talk and pitch","authors":"Parisa Farrokh","doi":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The goal of the present study is to explore how the impact of pragmatic value, degree of giving and position in Intonation Phrase (IP) rhythmic structure can be reconciled in the ongoing discourse. Six interviews were saved on tapes, and then they were transcribed. These interviews were divided into two parts: auditory and acoustic. For analysis, 389 words were selected, and the mean syllable duration in these selected words showed the cognitive scenario and intensifiers. The data were grouped according to novelty/giving, the pragmatic value of the words representing different frames (concepts) of the scenario and the position in IP construction. Statistical analysis showed that the prominence category is on a gradient. Moreover, the pragmatic value of the words represent different concepts/frames in the scenario. According to this research's data, the final position in IP is most favourable. Based on the results of this study, rhythm has a role in regulating and rearranging discourse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101000,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72432496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of agile methodology with the cloud","authors":"Shariq Aziz Butt","doi":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reviews different Cloud computing and agile development methodologies with new technologies that have come with new approaches. In the future, we can develop better quality software and can also provide computing services. However, the synergy between the two is bonded with technical and non-technical challenges. Agile methodologies are considered very competent in software development. Agile development techniques are very practical for accepting information and are necessary when the industry atmosphere changes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101000,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82192303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of civics and ethical education for the development of democratic governance in Ethiopia: Achievements and challenges","authors":"Endalcachew Bayeh","doi":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study is to examine the role of civics and ethical education in building the good behaviour of citizens and making them active participants in the development of democratic governance in Ethiopia. To achieve this purpose, the researcher employed qualitative methodology. Accordingly, secondary sources, such as books, journal articles, government documents, reports and Internet sources, were used. To substantiate the data gathered through secondary sources, the researcher also used primary sources where data were collected mainly via key informant interviews. Based on the data analysed, findings of the study indicate that the present civic and ethical education is progressive compared to its predecessors. It has helped to introduce youth to the values of democracy and human rights, which had never existed in the country's modern history. This education's role in building the good behaviour of citizens is an undeniable fact. It has brought awareness to the society of what actions and behaviours are expected from a good citizen. It has also had a certain practical effect on the ground. However, the changes brought by delivering the course are not satisfactory in the sense of not having effectively achieved the expected level of outcome. The findings of the research outlined the following as major reasons for said limitations: content- and context-related problems, lack of civil societies' engagement, lack of democratic school administration, improper method of delivery, pressure from external environment, weak democracy, limited geographical reach of the course, and lack of role model teachers. Thus, the research concludes that due to several factors, delivering civics and ethical education does not adequately meet its objectives. Thus, for the practical realization of words on the course, the study calls for the strong commitment of all stakeholders and for them to be role models to others and create an environment conducive to practically building the behaviour and skills needed in the subject. Therefore, the study calls for the strong and integrated commitment of the government in the aforementioned areas of drawbacks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101000,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80286837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic perspectives of major field crops of Pakistan: An empirical study","authors":"Abdul Rehman ,&nbsp;Luan Jingdong ,&nbsp;Babar Shahzad ,&nbsp;Abbas Ali Chandio ,&nbsp;Imran Hussain ,&nbsp;Ghulam Nabi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahid Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agriculture is considered the backbone of Pakistan's economy, which relies heavily on its major crops. There are vast gaps between the acquired and actual output of produce, which suffers due to a lack of appropriate technology, use of inputs at improper times, unavailability of water and land use and inadequate education about insect pest control, which not only negatively affects the produce but also significantly reduces the amount of produce. Farmers mainly use synthetic chemicals for the control of insect pests, but these are used unwisely. To emphasize the major shortfalls and actual performance of major field crops, this study investigated the relationship between agricultural GDP and the output of major crops, including wheat, rice, sugarcane, maize and cotton, in Pakistan over a period of 65 years from 1950 to 2015. Time series data were collected from the Economic Survey of Pakistan (various publications). Crop data were analysed using the ordinary least square method and the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, and the results were interpreted using Johansen's co-integration test. Our study finds that the output of wheat, rice and cotton has a positive and significant relationship with the agricultural GDP of Pakistan, while the output of sugarcane has a negative and non-significant relationship with the agricultural GDP of Pakistan. Therefore, this study recommends that the government of Pakistan should launch new funding programmes for the development of the agricultural sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101000,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80834434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Philosophy of science actualization for Islamic science development","authors":"Kamarudin Zaelani","doi":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psrb.2016.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Philosophy is a free-thinking, radical, and universal method of obtaining a truth, and the philosophy of science is the free-thinking, radical, and universal application of science principles and rules. The philosophy of science is not a methodology but is a reflective process rooted in the principles of science. The philosophy of science represents a component of philosophy, not only a research method or a scientific paper's procedures, and it serves as the foundation and direction of scientific development, which is continually seeking truth or reality (<em>unfinished journey</em>). Cases of deterioration in the field of Islamic social sciences include exact or natural sciences. Discussions on Islamic scholarly epistemology show similar problems to those of Western epistemology. This study reviews the methodologies, truth, and objectivity. Conducting philosophy of science procedures instils confidence in what has previously been defined as a science “<em>scientific statement</em>”. In this case, the philosophy of science offers a wide range of approaches or paradigm models, and various methods can be adopted by all sciences, including the Islamic religion sciences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101000,"journal":{"name":"Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.psrb.2016.06.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78245229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}