Oceanologica Acta最新文献

{"title":"A perspective on the Census of marine life. The role of natural history institutions for this programme","authors":"Annelies C Pierrot-Bults","doi":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01210-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01210-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The Census of marine life programme (CoML) is expected to generate a large amount of information on the diversity, distribution, and abundance of marine communities, many of them new or poorly known. Institutions such as natural history museums can play a crucial role in providing the necessary tools to allow the CoML to advance knowledge in the fields of marine systematics and </span>biogeography. These institutions can contribute taxonomic expertise to provide quality-controlled identifications of species; specimen collections to allow for cross-checking of occurrences and a historical context for new data; information, both paper and electronic, on taxonomy, ecology and other topics to enable researchers to review past work; education opportunities to inform the public about the results of current and past research on the marine world. Challenges for these institutions in the future include the recruitment, training, and retention of taxonomic experts, development of advanced molecular techniques for more reliable and faster species identification in certain groups, and integration of expertise and other taxonomic resources into research on scientific processes from start to finish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100980,"journal":{"name":"Oceanologica Acta","volume":"25 5","pages":"Pages 187-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01210-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91405949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Census of marine life: unknowable or just unknown?","authors":"Cynthia J Decker ,&nbsp;Ron O’Dor","doi":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01208-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01208-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>As an introduction to the entire volume, this article outlines the relationships among the five elements of the Census of Marine Life (CoML) that create new knowledge: (1) The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), a marine component of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, links marine databases around the world to provide an Internet accessible, dynamic interface for comparing species-level, geo-referenced biodiversity data in relation to ocean habitats. The entire CoML field project data will be managed in and accessible through OBIS. (2) The History of Marine Animal Populations (HMAP) is a unique new synthesis of historical and biological research that will document </span>marine biodiversity, globally, up to 500 years ago, before significant </span>human impact, and store it in formats compatible with modern data in OBIS. (3) The Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research Working Group 118 monitors and recommends advanced marine technologies, ready to be routinely used in CoML field projects. (4) CoML Initial Field Projects develop and calibrate these technologies in selected regions to facilitate and accelerate global biodiversity research. As calibrated technologies and protocols are adopted in many regions, qualitative and quantitative biodiversity discoveries accumulate. (5) The Future of Marine Animal Populations (FMAP) program will insure that the data in OBIS are suitable for modeling and predicting changes in global biodiversity in response to fishing, pollution, and climate change challenges. It will make datasets available for hindcasting and forecasting analyses linked to physical ocean observations and assist in documenting the impacts of conservation efforts on sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100980,"journal":{"name":"Oceanologica Acta","volume":"25 5","pages":"Pages 179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01208-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"100701821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking biodiversity research in South America’s oceans","authors":"Shubha Sathyendranath ,&nbsp;Víctor A Gallardo","doi":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01198-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01198-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article outlines the background and planning for a South American workshop on marine biodiversity<span> in Concepción, Chile, 28–30 October, 2002. This first CoML/POGO effort in the Southern hemisphere, pursuant to the Sao Paulo declaration began with presentations in all major coastal states and brings together key South American researchers to take advantage of new research concepts emerging from the Census projects.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100980,"journal":{"name":"Oceanologica Acta","volume":"25 5","pages":"Pages 267-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01198-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56208834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot Census of marine life in the Gulf of Maine: contributions of technology","authors":"Kenneth G Foote","doi":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01211-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01211-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>Recent advances in physical oceanography<span>, sampling and observation tools, and data management methods are sufficient to enable a wide range of organisms in the Gulf of Maine to be quantified and related both to other organisms and to the physical habitat. A pilot Census of marine life in the Gulf of Maine would advance the goals of ecosystem understanding and management in a timely manner. A prerequisite is knowledge of the distribution and abundance of the organisms that inhabit, both permanently and transiently, the Gulf of Maine and adjacent waters, namely those of Georges Bank, Browns Bank, and Slope Sea, including the New England </span></span>seamounts. Both systematic and synoptic investigations of a spectrum of marine life are needed to supplement current data holdings, which, if extensive with respect to fish and certain </span>marine mammals<span>, are sparse with respect to the larger biogeography<span> of the system. Technology offers the means of collecting and organizing such data. Efficiency in collection argues for dividing the spectrum of marine life into a number of functional groups, whose constituent organisms can be observed or sampled by the same or similar techniques. Five groups are identified: offshore subtidal benthos, intertidal and nearshore subtidal benthos, </span></span></span>plankton, fish and </span>squid, and large marine animals and seabirds. Associated tools of observation and sampling are listed and illustrated for two categories: high-frequency scientific echo sounders and underwater video microscopes. Parameters of the physical habitat are listed, and the power of the Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System to define the physical oceanography is noted. Issues of data management, systems, and uses are described. Some benefits of a pilot census are noted. For the scientific community, these include making available biogeographic data that can support the formulation of data-based hypotheses. Testing these in the Gulf of Maine and adjacent waters may enable new knowledge of the particular ecosystem to be extended to distant ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100980,"journal":{"name":"Oceanologica Acta","volume":"25 5","pages":"Pages 213-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01211-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56209233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of marine animal populations: a global research program of the Census of marine life","authors":"Poul Holm","doi":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01200-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01200-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This paper examines the relationship between history and science with regard to the marine environment. It argues that historians and scientists should collaborate to reconstruct past ecosystems. Such collaboration to shed some light on the reasons why the life in the oceans appears as it does today. With this objective in view, a global research program has been established. The History of marine animal populations (HMAP) addresses four basic questions. (1) How has the extent and diversity of these populations changed over the last 2000 years? (2) Which factors have influenced these change? (3) What has been the anthropogenic and biological significance of these changes? (4) What has been the interplay of changing marine ecosystems and human societies? The hypotheses of HMAP fall in three broad categories, dealing with questions of nature variability, such as historical </span>population ecology, nature impact, such as climate forcing of distribution and abundance of fishes, and anthropogenic impact, such as questions of depletion and eutrophication. HMAP research teams are currently working in the Baltic, the White Sea, off southeast Australia and off the California coast.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100980,"journal":{"name":"Oceanologica Acta","volume":"25 5","pages":"Pages 207-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01200-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90821513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An underwater tracking system for mapping marine communities: an application to Posidonia oceanica","authors":"Sergio Sgorbini,&nbsp;Andrea Peirano,&nbsp;Silvia Cocito,&nbsp;Massimo Morgigni","doi":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01188-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01188-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The GPS intelligent buoy is a portable underwater tracking system consisting of four buoys and one pinger. The pinger was mounted on an underwater vehicle driven by a scuba diver and used to map the limits of a </span><span><em>Posidonia</em><em> oceanica</em></span> meadow. To test the accuracy of the method the system was tried out on different types of limits and on healthy and regressed part of the meadow from 2 to 25 m of depth. The time of track acquisition (1 point per second), the recording speed (1 km h^–1) and the mapping scale (more than 1:500) indicated that the proposed method may be successfully integrated with conventional systems for mapping marine communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100980,"journal":{"name":"Oceanologica Acta","volume":"25 3","pages":"Pages 135-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01188-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56208812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter at the sediment–water interface: results from in situ incubations within benthic chambers","authors":"Alessandra Accornero ,&nbsp;Philippe Picon ,&nbsp;Francis de Bovée","doi":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01192-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01192-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Biogeochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter at the sediment–water interface were investigated by the use of benthic chambers in the western Gulf of Lions. The experimental approach used for this study consisted of in situ incubations of radiolabeled glutamic acid (</span>¹⁴<span>C-Glu), followed by a sequential extraction allowing the quantification of the radioactivity<span> associated to different chemical fractions, representative of different biogeochemical processes. This technique was devised to simulate the fate of simple dissolved compounds resulting from the degradation of particulate organic matter near the seafloor. In our experiment the substrate underwent both biotic (mineralization, bacterial incorporation) and abiotic (geopolymerization) transformations. Significant spatial variations were put in relation with sediment characteristics (e.g. fine-grained fraction, Eh, CaCO</span></span>₃ contents) and biological activities, such as bacterial respiration and infaunal burrowing. Biologically mediated processes decreased from onshore to deep sites, with mineralization always accounting for the bulk of transformations of the injected ¹⁴C-Glu. Geopolymerization did not display a clear spatial trend and appeared to be a quantitatively important process on the Gulf of Lions margin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100980,"journal":{"name":"Oceanologica Acta","volume":"25 3","pages":"Pages 171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01192-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89297437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annelid assemblages in soft bottoms subjected to human impact in the Urías estuary (Sinaloa, Mexico)","authors":"Nuria Méndez","doi":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01193-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01193-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The annelid fauna inhabiting soft bottoms was analysed during February and April, 1997 in the Urías estuary which is mostly surrounded by mangrove swamps, but is also subjected to the effect of several </span>anthropogenic activities<span><span>. Classification and ordination techniques were used to perform the characterisation of the system based on the annelid assemblages according to environmental variables (mainly organic matter content and percentage of mud). Three zones were found: (1) ‘very polluted zone’, in front of a slaughterhouse and a fish processing factory with a total lack of </span>macrofauna<span> due to the strong enrichment of the sediment in organic matter; (2) ‘polluted zones’, characterised by the sporadic presence of oligochaetes<span> in front of a domestic sewage effluent, by the dominance of </span></span></span></span><span><em>Capitella capitata</em></span> close to a thermoelectric plant, and by the dominance of <em>Streblospio benedicti</em> and oligochaetes in the surroundings of an upstream shrimp farm; (3) ‘unpolluted zones’, in the mouth of the estuary and an area surrounded by mangrove trees, with low organic matter content in sediment, high diversity and no dominant species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100980,"journal":{"name":"Oceanologica Acta","volume":"25 3","pages":"Pages 139-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01193-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86071853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoacclimatization in the zooxanthellae of Pocillopora verrucosa and comparison with a pelagic algal community","authors":"Stéphane Maritorena ,&nbsp;Claude Payri ,&nbsp;Marcel Babin ,&nbsp;Hervé Claustre ,&nbsp;Luc Bonnafous ,&nbsp;André Morel ,&nbsp;Michel Rodière","doi":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01189-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01189-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photoacclimatization of zooxanthellae extracted from the coral <em>Pocillopora verrucosa</em><span> was studied through the determination of pigments, light absorption and photosynthetic parameters, for samples collected in summer and winter between 1 and 40 m on a northwestern reef of Tahiti (French Polynesia). The same measurements were also performed on phytoplanktonic samples collected at a stable oceanic site north of the island. For the zooxanthellae, the variations with depth of all the parameters were generally of small amplitude. Seasonal differences were also observed. The photosynthetic to non-photosynthetic pigments ratio was higher at depth in both seasons and was higher in winter. The intracellular concentration of chlorophyll </span><em>a</em> and photosynthetic pigments was higher in winter, as was the photosynthetic pigments/chlorophyll <em>a</em> ratio, whereas the non-photosynthetic pigments/chlorophyll <em>a</em> ratio was higher in summer. Variations in the light absorption properties were also small. The photosynthetic parameters showed limited changes with depth with the largest variations (a factor of ∼2) observed for <em>P</em>^B_max<span>. The trends observed for the phytoplankton assemblage were generally of much higher amplitudes than for the zooxanthellae (e.g. for photosynthetic to non-photosynthetic pigments ratio or the saturation parameter, </span><em>E_k</em>). These results suggest that, in the very clear Polynesian waters, the amount of energy that reaches the zooxanthellae of <em>P</em>. <em>verrucosa</em> is not variable enough in the 1–40 m depth range to result in a drastic modification of the photosynthetic apparatus of the algae.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100980,"journal":{"name":"Oceanologica Acta","volume":"25 3","pages":"Pages 125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01189-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"112719402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eau colorée à Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge, dans une zone aquacole du littoral du Doukkala (Atlantique marocain)","authors":"A Bennouna ,&nbsp;B Berland ,&nbsp;J El Attar ,&nbsp;O Assobhei","doi":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01191-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01191-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A red tide of <em>Lingulodinium polyedrum</em> occured along the moroccan atlantic coast in july 1999. Observed in the beginning of the month in the Kenitra area, it spreads with the coastal drift as far as the south of safi, passing on its way upon a sanitary monitored area. This area which is submitted to an all year round bimonthly monitoring analysis of phytoplankton, contains significant natural beds of oysters, clams and mussels, as well as shellfish farms in Oualidia and Sidi Moussa lagoons. However, during this period of bloom, there was weekly monitoring of hydrologic and climatic data associated with phytoplankton analysis to identifiy the causes of this bloom.</p><p>This bloom occured in 17–18°C surface waters, temperatures which are favourable to dinoflagellate encystment and development. The observation of two to three colored strips parallel to the coast suggests phytoplankton aggregation generated by internal waves created by moderate winds blowing constantly in the same direction and at constant speed at the time of the bloom. A change of climatic conditions might also be the cause of the dispersal of the phenomenon. We remark that this exceptional bloom has never reached the coastal shellfish sites, nor the monitored lagoons. The maximum <em>Lingulodinium</em> concentration observed was 79.10³ cell l^–1 at Sidi Moussa lagoon and minimum concentrations ranged from 1,6.10³ cell l^–1 to 18.10³ cell l^–1 at coastal stations. The diarrheic toxicity found in the shellfish (mussels, oysters) cannot be imputed to <em>L. polyedrum</em> but to associated species such as <em>Dinophysis acuminata</em> and <em>D. acuta</em> which were present, though in low density in these waters.</p><p>However, taking into account the controversy on the <em>L. polyedrum</em> toxicity and its frequent involvement in red tides, it is necessary to include it among the potentially harmful species that should be monitored along Moroccan coasts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100980,"journal":{"name":"Oceanologica Acta","volume":"25 3","pages":"Pages 159-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01191-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91221997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}