Journal of Economy and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Electricity climate-compatibility index: Measuring global progress towards decarbonising the power sector","authors":"Abdullah Alotaiq ,&nbsp;Katherine A. Collett ,&nbsp;Robert Fofrich ,&nbsp;David Wallom ,&nbsp;Malcolm McCulloch","doi":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a novel index, ECI (Electricity Climate-Compatibility Index), to measure global fossil fuel electricity generation alignment with climate targets. Net anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (CO₂) must approach zero by mid-century to stabilise the mean temperature to well below 2°C. Pursuing carbon neutrality will require immediate action if we are to avoid the economic risks associated with a delayed, more abrupt energy transition. This paper reviewed the existing literature and found insufficient indicators for country-level climate targets in electricity generation. Therefore, the paper proposes a novel electricity climate-compatibility index (ECI) to address the gap. The index computes climate compatibility or incompatibility as the difference between fossil fuel electricity generation permitted in the Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) country-level climate scenarios and that which is generated from operational, under-construction and planned power generation assets. The ECI correlates positively in specific instances with relatable metrics such as Energy Transition Index (ETI) and Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) but provides a better understanding of the climate-incompatible generation of fossil fuel plants for a decarbonised power sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economy and Technology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949948824000234/pdfft?md5=852e010c9c645a145033df35b2a626e9&pid=1-s2.0-S2949948824000234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global low carbon transitions in the power sector: A machine learning clustering approach using archetypes","authors":"Abdullah Alotaiq","doi":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an archetype-based approach to designing effective strategies for low-carbon transitions in the power sector. To achieve global energy transition goals, a renewable energy transition is critical, and understanding diverse energy landscapes across different countries is essential to designing effective renewable energy policies and strategies. Using a clustering approach, this study identifies 12 power system archetypes based on several features, including energy and socio-economic indicators of 187 UN countries. Each archetype is characterised by distinct challenges and opportunities, ranging from high dependence on fossil fuels to low electricity access, low economic growth, and insufficient contribution potential of renewables. Archetype A, for instance, consists of countries with low electricity access, high poverty rates, and limited power infrastructure, while Archetype J comprises developed countries with high electricity demand and installed renewables. The study findings have significant implications for renewable energy policymaking and investment decisions, with policymakers and investors able to use the archetype approach to identify suitable renewable energy policies and measures and assess renewable energy potential and risks. Overall, the archetype approach provides a comprehensive framework for understanding diverse energy landscapes and accelerating decarbonisation efforts for the power sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economy and Technology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 95-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949948824000155/pdfft?md5=b58db10e97a07378b8f0dbf11c3c55cd&pid=1-s2.0-S2949948824000155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140778855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creative destruction and artificial intelligence: The transformation of industries during the sixth wave","authors":"Ramazan Uctu ,&nbsp;Nadide Sevil Halici Tuluce ,&nbsp;Mustafa Aykac","doi":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is considered to be a key driver in the emerging sixth wave of technological advancement, one that has profound economic implications. The emergence of AI has led to significant changes in a wide range of different sectors, the reshaping of existing sectors, and the disruption of traditional business practices. This transformative power aligns with Schumpeter's theory of creative destruction, in which innovations are seen to cause older technologies and business models to become obsolete, leading to significant economic shifts. The role of AI in the sixth wave is crucial not only because of its immediate applications in the area of automation and data processing but also because of its broader capacity to drive a new cycle of innovation and economic renewal. This ongoing cycle, driven by creative destruction, challenges businesses to adapt and evolve, ultimately contributing to a more robust and dynamic economy. In this article, the authors explore the ways in which AI promotes innovation and its effect on economic expansion, using Schumpeter's theory of creative destruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economy and Technology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 296-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of economy, technology, and renewable energy toward carbon neutrality in China","authors":"Shakil Ahmad ,&nbsp;Asif Raihan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ridwan","doi":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The goal of the research project is to look at the influence of the economy, technology, and renewable energy on China's ecological damage. A number of methods, such as the ARDL bound test for cointegration, DOLS, FMOLS, and CCR, were utilized to look at how the explanatory variables changed and how that affected the dependent variable. The DOLS estimate results show a significant positive extended connection between economic growth and CO₂ generations. A 1% increase in economic expansion results in a 0.51% rise in CO₂ emissions. The use of renewable energy has a strong destructive association with CO₂ emissions. The emissions of carbon dioxide are expected to decline by 0.03% over the long run for every 1% upsurge in green energy use. Moreover, technological innovation has a substantial and adverse long-term effect, with a 1% rise resulting in a 0.08% decrease in CO₂ emissions. The reliability of the findings is confirmed using several estimators, such as FMOLS and CCR. The paired Granger causality test was used to determine the causal link among various factors. The study recommends implementing regulatory measures to support a carbon-free economy, boosting the consumption of clean energy, and investing in technological developments to lower emissions and achieve carbon neutrality in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economy and Technology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 138-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294994882400026X/pdfft?md5=55f9a54fe4ddeaf815681c062be7d5fd&pid=1-s2.0-S294994882400026X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of enablers and barriers of sustainable business practices in SMEs","authors":"Shoaib Abdul Basit ,&nbsp;Behrooz Gharleghi ,&nbsp;Khadija Batool ,&nbsp;Sohaib S. Hassan ,&nbsp;Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi ,&nbsp;Mujde Erdinc Kliem","doi":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There are many factors that persuade or discourage business owners or managers of small and medium-sized firms to adopt sustainable policies. It is important to understand how different factors are interlinked to influence the business owners’/managers’ decisions for sustainability. Therefore, the gap between policies and their implementation in the workplace causes the failure of the adoption of sustainable policies in business practices. To provide a clear picture, the present study intends to investigate the factors that might foster/hinder the adoption of sustainable policies in business practices. The study provides a systematic literature review on sustainable business policies from 2015 to 2023. We consider what are the key factors supporting or obstructing the successful implementation of a sustainability framework in the business practices in SMEs. Our findings reveal that data-centered solutions, sensor aided cyber physical systems, green consumption, vendor support, technological roadmap, gain legitimacy on the use of data analytics, and acceleration of digital transformation are the most significant enablers for sustainable business practices in SMEs. In addition, cloud enterprise resource planning is found to be the most significant enabler for developing countries. The barriers are mainly related to the implantation of the enablers. Among those major barriers are security of the data storage, lack of trust, lack of top management support, resistance to change to the new technology, lack of skilled workforce, data breaches, and poor network security. Our findings have key policy implications for practitioners and policy makers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economy and Technology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 79-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949948824000167/pdfft?md5=248fc093f0846ba17b7e606107835c90&pid=1-s2.0-S2949948824000167-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140405826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LLM technologies and information search","authors":"Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Jiajun Meng ,&nbsp;Yongliang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the booming of LLM technologies (e.g., ChatGPT), people’s goals and behaviors in information search have been reshaped significantly. This paper attempts to conceptually discuss how LLM technologies might revolutionize these important aspects in information search and provides a comprehensive analysis of the technological advancements and capabilities of ChatGPT, highlighting its potential to disrupt traditional search engines like Google. In addition, this paper contrasts ChatGPT’s conversational approach with Google’s link-based search model, offering a detailed examination of the implications for online search advertising and user behavior and explaining why Google is concerned about ChatGPT as well as its potential reactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economy and Technology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 269-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949948824000398/pdfft?md5=d98336df056738981c03ba75525f3e1f&pid=1-s2.0-S2949948824000398-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the influence of KIBS spillovers through the knowledge production function and the role of international trade","authors":"Fernando Félix ,&nbsp;Varun Gupta ,&nbsp;Luis Rubalcaba","doi":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A research gap exists regarding how research and development (R&amp;D) expenditures contribute to the generation of innovative spillovers through knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), particularly within the manufacturing and business services subsectors. These spillovers have a networking effect on innovation products in the manufacturing and services subsectors, as captured by the knowledge production function (KPF). The study proposes a two-stage model for analyzing the elasticities of production and economies of scale that arise from estimating singular knowledge production functions within a regional trade system. This model is tested for the case of the trade agreement of the United States, Mexico, and Canada (USMCA). The main results express that R&amp;D expenditures embodied in KIBS spillovers have a significant effect on the generation of innovation outputs, in each of the USMCA countries and, reveal increasing returns to scale. Also, KPF elasticities, for the capital and the labor variables, proved to be inelastic and exhibited constant returns to scale. Additionally, the different estimates in each one of the USMCA countries expose diverse technologies of scale among the three countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economy and Technology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 47-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949948824000209/pdfft?md5=61a35a0f4bc06cf33376b1aa541e3046&pid=1-s2.0-S2949948824000209-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140766646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geography-based transmission network expansion strategies for Andean electrical systems","authors":"Wilian Guamán ,&nbsp;Pablo Benalcazar ,&nbsp;Kevin Ñacato ,&nbsp;Israel Vaca","doi":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In many countries of the Global South, transmission network expansion faces unique challenges due to the diversity of available resources and specific geographic conditions. These challenges are particularly evident in regions with complex geographies, such as the Andean region, where elevation differences and irregular topography pose significant obstacles to the development of electricity infrastructure. This study addresses these challenges by applying non-conventional strategies for transmission grid expansion, with a particular emphasis on adapting to the unique geographic features of the Andean region. To illustrate this, a case study called EC-45 bus system is developed using Ecuador as a country representative of the geographic diversity of the Andean region. Furthermore, this work presents a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model that prioritizes the repowering and reconfiguration of existing lines over the construction of new lines. The methodology employed evaluates the investment required for the construction of new lines, considering construction costs for three site types (&lt;1000 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.), ≥1000 m.a.s.l., and combined). Quantitative results show that using non-conventional solution methods can generate savings of up to 30.60% in investment costs compared to the solution provided by the Linear Disjunctive model. This approach offers a way towards more efficient management of resources, especially in countries with complex geographies such as the Andean one.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economy and Technology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 31-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949948824000192/pdfft?md5=bb2be00d5a7eb073498a10cc9726fb9b&pid=1-s2.0-S2949948824000192-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140767408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green finance and its role in sustainability in the EU","authors":"Behrooz Gharleghi ,&nbsp;Najla Shafighi ,&nbsp;Khaled Nawaser","doi":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of green finance on sustainability in Germany and the European Union (EU). This aim will be achieved by examining recent data in this field via a panel fixed effect regression model. When comparing Germany and the EU in terms of the value of issued green bonds, the results show that Germany is leading in reducing emissions with several initiatives. One plausible reason could be the higher per-capita income of residents, which enables them to use more energy-efficient technologies than other EU countries. The fixed effect regression results reveal that in Europe, the value of issued green bonds has a negative impact on emissions. Meanwhile, expenditure on environmental protection, fossil fuel subsidies, and environmental tax revenue are counterproductive and do not impact lowering emissions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economy and Technology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 208-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949948824000325/pdfft?md5=91e6ab83739bbd0d8a4de788578dc43e&pid=1-s2.0-S2949948824000325-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing librarian adoption of ChatGPT technology for entrepreneurial support: A study protocol","authors":"Varun Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ject.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a revolutionary force in the constantly evolving technology landscape, transforming many industries, including libraries. Libraries have been focusing on experimenting with emerging AI technologies to innovate their services, especially for supporting entrepreneurs. Generative AI, for instance, ChatGPT, holds immense potential for libraries by enabling them to provide advanced support to entrepreneurs, for instance, meeting the business needs of the entrepreneurs, or strengthening entrepreneurial education programs. By concentrating on the adoption of generative AI, librarians will be encouraged to experiment and use their expertise in current generative AI technologies to test out future ones and adopt the more useful ones.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method and analysis&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The objective of the research is to investigate the factors influencing the adoption of ChatGPT technology by librarians in their provision of support for entrepreneurs. The research aims to provide insights that can help formulate the strategies for the successful adoption of ChatGPT technology in library settings to enhance their support for entrepreneurs. To achieve the research objective, the research study adopts a correlational research design that will empirically test the hypothesis- the relationship between latent variables affecting the three stages of technology adoption. Surveys will be administered to librarians actively engaged in assisting entrepreneurs, aiming to capture data on various factors influencing their adoption decisions, and hence aiding in empirical validation of the formulated hypothesis. Before commencing data collection, participants will be provided with a detailed informed consent sheet outlining the research's purpose, procedures involved, the voluntary nature of the participation, and potential risks involved. Only after participants have explicitly provided their consent are they granted access to the survey questionnaire. This ensures transparency and ethical compliance throughout the research process. To safeguard participant confidentiality and maintain data integrity, all research data will be securely stored in password-protected cloud storage platforms, such as University OneDrive. Strict data handling protocols will be followed, with access limited to authorized research team members. Moreover, participants' personal information will not be collected, ensuring anonymity and privacy. Stringent quality assurance measures will be implemented to ensure the reliability and validity of the research findings. Before survey administration, a pilot test will be conducted to refine the survey instrument and identify any ambiguities. The pilot testing will adhere to ethical guidelines and principles, including the mandatory nature of informed consent, as well as protocols for data storage, handling procedures, and safety considerations outlined for the main research study. Continuous ","PeriodicalId":100776,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economy and Technology","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 166-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949948824000258/pdfft?md5=b33f20ec338256340e9fc7503f16a23d&pid=1-s2.0-S2949948824000258-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140787457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}