Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research最新文献

{"title":"Exploring gender differences in awareness of new active transportation projects: Réseau Express Vélo (REV) case study","authors":"Jessica Wei-Lin Lam,&nbsp;Sarangi Jayaram,&nbsp;Wan Hei NG,&nbsp;Ehab Diab","doi":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many cities are currently planning and building new large-scale active transport networks to achieve a wide array of environmental, economic, and social equity goals. This is often combined with developing public campaigns to increase public awareness of their plans and introduced infrastructure to build a culture that celebrates and supports using them. While several studies explored the impacts of active transport infrastructure on users perception and travel behaviour, very little has been done to explore the factors associated with people’s awareness of such infrastructure at an early stage of their introduction. Accordingly, this study examines the factors affecting people’s likelihood of being aware of a new flagship cycling network in Montréal known as Réseau Express Vélo (REV), while understanding equity of awareness across gender identities. To achieve this goal, the study uses summary statistics and weighted multilevel logistic regressions to analyze data collected from a large-scale survey. The results of the paper show that various socioeconomic factors including age, ethnicity, income, language, as well as individuals’ travel behaviour and lifestyle are associated with being familiar with such a large bike network. Significant differences between women and men can also be observed, in which women are less likely to be aware of REV. Younger women in their 20 s tend to know much less about the project in comparison with men in the same age group. Women who identify as non-white only and used English to complete the survey are the group with the lowest probability of being aware of the project. Findings from this research unmask key aspects related to the likelihood of being aware of a new large-scale cycling network, offering important insights to transport planners, policy makers, and researchers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100771,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950105924000263/pdfft?md5=0bfaf5498a04e4aeea85ff94b4e0ea54&pid=1-s2.0-S2950105924000263-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141409298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling cycling to school in Finland","authors":"Emilia Suomalainen ,&nbsp;Henna Malinen ,&nbsp;Marko Tainio","doi":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Active travel to school is an important contributor to the physical activity levels of children and adolescents and the source of many health benefits. In this work, we model cycling to school in Finland. The probability to cycle on a given trip is modelled using a binary logistic regression model based on trip length, average route gradient, the cyclist’s gender, and age. Variables denoting the city regions were also included to account for differences in cycling cultures and infrastructure. In addition, weather variables were added as cycling levels in Finland are highly dependent on the season. Air temperature and the presence of snow were found to reflect well the observed seasonal variations. The observed influence of winter conditions on trip distances and the cycling of girls is also replicated in the model through interaction terms. This model is employed to explore two sustainable mobility scenarios: a scenario where the cycling of girls increases to the same level as that of boys and a scenario where all school children cycle as much as those living in Oulu, Finland’s top cycling region. Our results suggest that it would be possible to increase the number of trips by bicycle and cycled mileage significantly, up to 76 % in the Oulu scenario, even though school children already cycle much more than the general population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100771,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950105924000251/pdfft?md5=44de09a9de23dae3c21a4628d9cacc7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2950105924000251-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting adolescent girls' active school travel in Ghana: Contextualizing health belief model and theory of planned behavior","authors":"Stephen Agyeman ,&nbsp;Philip Kofi Alimo","doi":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, efforts to promote safer active school travel (AST), i.e., walking and cycling behaviors in girls, have heightened in light of huge gender disparities in micromobility adoption. In developing countries where transport infrastructure is not advanced, and AST adoption is influenced by societal perceptions, theorizing empirical studies will help better explore and understand the travel needs of girls for effective planning. This study investigated the factors influencing AST behaviors of 232 adolescent girls in primary, junior, and senior high schools based in Sunyani Municipality, Ghana. A novel combination of the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior was employed to formulate a conceptual model that was evaluated using SEM-MIMIC modeling. Results revealed that age plays a significant role in AST preferences, with younger girls favoring walking and older girls showing interest in cycling. Interventions can capitalize on this to promote cycling habits during the transition to senior high school. Moreover, environmental attitudes have the most decisive influence on the perceived social benefits of AST, while perceived parental support positively impacts safety self-efficacy. Together with perceived parental support, safety self-efficacy, and distance/accessibility barriers, they significantly influence girls' intentions to use active transportation. Authorities can adopt proposed targeted interventions such as the walking school bus and bicycle train concepts to make AST more attractive to girls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100771,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295010592400024X/pdfft?md5=9591432ae9b6747fd531747131731075&pid=1-s2.0-S295010592400024X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141239018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Video analysis of bicyclist and pedestrian movement on shared-use paths under daylight and electric lighting conditions—Method exploration","authors":"Oksana Yastremska-Kravchenko ,&nbsp;Aliaksei Laureshyn ,&nbsp;Johan Rahm ,&nbsp;Maria Johansson ,&nbsp;Anna Niska ,&nbsp;Carl Johnsson ,&nbsp;Carmelo D'agostino","doi":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study introduces a progressive methodology for examining the travel behaviour of bicyclists and pedestrians under both daylight and electric lighting conditions. By analysing data from naturalistic/undisturbed settings, we aimed to assess the representativeness of participant behaviour in an invited context compared to that of typical road users. This paper expands upon the methodological exploration initiated in the original Video Analysis of Pedestrian Movement (VAPM) study by analysing the microscopic movements of both pedestrians and bicyclists in outdoor environments under both natural and electric lighting conditions. Furthermore, the paper investigates bicyclists’ bi-directional interactions in a naturalistic setting, adding a valuable dimension to the study's comprehensive analysis. Our research introduces an effective approach to data collection through the use of drone technology to obtain microscopic data from video analysis. This method has the potential to enhance travel quality for bicyclists during the hours of twilight and darkness and increase the likelihood of short motor vehicle trips being replaced by active, sustainable forms of transport.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100771,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950105924000238/pdfft?md5=8577b73f6f9a31877c360e975bfbb5a5&pid=1-s2.0-S2950105924000238-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weathering heights: An updated analytical model of the nonlinear effects of weather on bicycle traffic","authors":"Alexandre Lanvin,&nbsp;Pierre Michel,&nbsp;Jean Charléty,&nbsp;Alexandre Chasse","doi":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Local authorities actively advocate for cycling as a pivotal mode to shift urban transportation towards greater sustainability. Weather significantly influences bicycle traffic and may hinder the spread of bicycle adoption, potentially limiting its impact to mitigate climate change. Likewise, rising temperatures and extreme weather events are anticipated to influence mobility patterns. To better understand the complex effects of weather on bicycle traffic, an explainable artificial intelligence analysis is carried out on four territories in France. Employing a neural network, we model the effects of weather conditions and control variables (e.g., pollution) on bicycle traffic. Subsequently, we examine the marginal effects of each variable using Accumulated Local Effects plots. Based on this analysis, we formulate a nonlinear model with seasonal autoregressive with moving-average errors. This analytical model encapsulates new equations describing the effects of weather conditions on bicycle traffic. The methodology combines the ability of black-box model to capture complex nonlinear relationships without prior assumptions, with the transparency and generalization capabilities of analytical models. It also highlights the asymmetric sensitivity of bicycle traffic to humidity, with humid conditions being more deterrent than dry conditions. Statistical analysis reveals that atmospheric pressure is significantly correlated to bicycle traffic, whereas air quality does not demonstrate notable effects, contrary to observations in other territories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100771,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950105924000226/pdfft?md5=7300938b6c29e74ca4f8c319666e1cfe&pid=1-s2.0-S2950105924000226-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141144351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoscopic model of cycling trip energy expenditure based on operating modes","authors":"Fajar Ausri,&nbsp;Alexander Bigazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cyclist physical exertion is largely ignored in quantitative travel analysis, partly due to a lack of appropriate tools. Microscopic models of second-by-second energy expenditure based on equations of motion are data intensive and cannot be applied to hypothetical routes (such as needed for route choice modelling). Macroscopic models of aggregate energy expenditure based on a fixed assumed energy intensity are insensitive to traveller, trip, and contextual factors that are relevant for behavioural research and policy analysis (such as bicycle type or trip purpose). Building on concepts from motor vehicle emissions analysis, this paper proposes a mesoscopic approach to model cycling trip energy expenditure based on the distribution of travel time across discrete states of motion (“operating modes”) for different classes of traveller and trip (“model segments”). We aim to answer two key questions for model implementation: 1) which variables most effectively classify trips into model segments and 2) what operating mode definition most consistently characterizes cycling energy expenditure within model segments? We also evaluate the precision of the mesoscopic model relative to cycling energy estimates from microscopic and macroscopic models. Applied to a dataset of naturalistic cycling trips in Vancouver, Canada, the proposed mesoscopic model with six model segments based on 3 segmenting variables (rider gender, electric-assist bicycle, and high or low speed tier) explains up to 28 % of the variance in trip-level energy estimates from the microscopic model (within around 35 W of the microscopic estimates, on average). Further research to develop cycling trip energy models for general application is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100771,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950105924000214/pdfft?md5=190c60b5ce6dee8cc16b6a7a9bb26f9e&pid=1-s2.0-S2950105924000214-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141042973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared mobility - Novel insights on mode substitution patterns, trip and user characteristics","authors":"Gustav Bösehans ,&nbsp;Margaret Carol Bell ,&nbsp;Dilum Dissanayake","doi":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With a growing number of shared mobility options, choosing not to own a car may become a new norm in the future. Shared mobility offers users a flexible range of low or zero-emission alternatives, potentially reducing the use of private cars, as well as noise and air pollution. However, to date, there is little evidence of shared mobility acting as an alternative to private car use. Indeed, recent research suggests that shared vehicles not only substitute trips by private car, but also trips by active travel and public transport, thus not resulting in emission savings. Therefore, as part of the eHUBS project focusing on shared electric mobility hubs, the mode substitution patterns of 602 self-reported shared mobility users across Europe were investigated. More specifically, respondents of an online survey were asked to recall their last trip using shared mobility and to report on both their chosen and substituted travel mode in addition to common trip characteristics including trip distance and frequency. Chosen shared modes considered were both conventional or electric alternatives including cars, bicycles, cargobikes, and scooters. Overall, the results suggested that shared vehicles were about as or more likely to substitute public transport, cycling and walking, as private car trips, thus providing a mixed picture with respect to their potential contribution to reducing private car use and associated carbon emissions. Local authorities and policy makers are urged to actively continue to improve active travel facilities and to be proactive in better integration of shared mobility and public transport services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100771,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950105924000202/pdfft?md5=3a07afc6aab3c09d0640e668ee6948e3&pid=1-s2.0-S2950105924000202-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141067832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implicit communication in cyclist-vehicle interaction: Examining the influence of driving dynamics in interactions with turning (automated) vehicles on cyclists' perceived safety, behavioral intention, and risk anticipation","authors":"A. Marie Harkin ,&nbsp;Aline Mangold ,&nbsp;Kevin A. Harkin ,&nbsp;Tibor Petzoldt","doi":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Successful and safe management of interactions between cyclists and motorized vehicles often includes implicit communication, such as vehicle motion signals. While the introduction of automated vehicles (AVs) is anticipated to increase safety for cyclists by eliminating human error, it is still unclear how they should communicate implicitly in complex traffic scenarios. The turning maneuver constitutes a complex and ambiguous scenario, as it involves vehicle deceleration even when there is no intention to halt for the cyclist, proceeding straight ahead. A video-based laboratory study incorporating a bicycle setup examined the influence of four driving dynamics and automation status on cyclists' risk anticipation, perceived safety, and intention to continue to cycle through an intersection. Forty-two participants viewed videos of an oncoming vehicle making a left turn at an intersection from the perspective of a cyclist traveling straight through the intersection. The results indicated that participants perceived early and continuous braking of the vehicle (\"passive yield\") as the most favorable approach (reduced risk anticipation, higher perceived safety, and greater intention to continue to cycle through the intersection), even when compared to later but stronger braking (\"active yield\"). The objectively riskiest maneuver that would result in a collision (\"collision\") was evaluated as the least desirable. A rule-violating yet objectively safe maneuver (accelerating to exit the conflict area before the cyclist; \"no yield\") led to increased risk anticipation but not to lower perceived safety or reduced intention to continue to cycle through the intersection compared to active yield. The displayed automation status had minimal influence overall, although participants in the passive yield condition expressed greater uncertainty regarding their intention to continue to cycle through the intersection in interactions with AVs compared to MVs. It appears that natural driving dynamics exhibited by \"good\" human drivers could represent a promising approach to ensuring the safety and comfort of cyclists in interactions with AVs. Here, early and continuous braking is preferable to later and stronger braking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100771,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950105924000196/pdfft?md5=c11564d3578005c2f9d808c15148f30d&pid=1-s2.0-S2950105924000196-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140906093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural barriers facing female cyclists and how to overcome them: A cross national examination of bikesharing schemes","authors":"Richard Bean,&nbsp;Dorina Pojani,&nbsp;Jonathan Corcoran","doi":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Worldwide, the gender gap in urban cycling is considerable, with most cyclists being young to middle-aged men. In the current study, we first capture the suite of cycling barriers facing women before empirically investigating whether and how much three natural barriers (inclement weather, hilliness, and darkness) impact female users of bikesharing systems. For the analysis, we spatially integrate gender for more than 200 million bikesharing trips with fine-grained weather, gradient, and sunset/sunrise data. Computing a suite of the generalized additive models for ten cities worldwide covering a period of 14 years, we find that wind and precipitation disincentivise cycling, and more so for women than for men. Similarly, steeper gradients are a significant barrier for female bikeshare users for many cities. In every city, women make fewer trips in the dark (i.e., before sunrise and after sunset) compared to men. In higher-cycling cities, regardless of natural barriers, cycling declines less with age for women compared to other cities. To overcome the barriers presented by inclement weather, hilliness, and darkness we recommend (a) partial electrification of bikesharing fleets, (b) reduced exposure along bicycle paths (through manufactured shelters or tree canopies), and (c) adequate nighttime lighting along cycling paths. <em>In the spirit of open science, all data and code on which this paper is based have been provided on Mendeley:</em> <span>https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/vmy42hywwx/1</span><svg><path></path></svg><em>.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100771,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950105924000160/pdfft?md5=73b850d74307d2e692e1fc150d30b661&pid=1-s2.0-S2950105924000160-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140774068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the E-bike trends and impact on sustainable mobility: A national-level study in the Netherlands","authors":"Bingyuan (Amelia) Huang,&nbsp;Hans Wüst,&nbsp;Mathijs de Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmr.2024.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past decade, e-bikes have become increasingly popular, sparking interest in their potential replacement for car use and benefit for the environment. However, many studies on e-bike development and their substitution effects exhibit limitations. These include a lack of modeling on e-bike trend development, inadequate assessments of their impact on national-level mobility, a predominant focus on commuting, and a lack of foresight into future e-bike substitution effects. Our research introduces an innovative approach to model e-bike development, employing a multilevel Richards growth curve model fitted within a hierarchical Bayesian framework using the Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) method. Further, we incorporate an intention-based method to delve into the potential of e-bikes in stimulating sustainable mobility in the Netherlands. Our findings highlight an ongoing increase in e-bike distance share, with marked gender and generational differences in growth patterns. Notably, women have higher e-bike usage than men, and this gap is narrowing for older age groups while widening among younger demographics, suggesting that younger people may adopt e-bike usage differently than older generation. E-bike ownership strongly reduces the conventional bicycle use and, to a lesser extent, car and public transport use, especially for commuting. This study provides insight into whether and to what extent e-bikes substitute for car use and other modes of transportation, and how the expected growth in e-bike use in coming years may impact national mobility in the Netherlands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100771,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cycling and Micromobility Research","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950105924000184/pdfft?md5=3433b9317a696991e43f9b9ca36334f1&pid=1-s2.0-S2950105924000184-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140646163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}